板块3动词的运用第2讲非谓语动词教师用书教案2

第2讲非谓语动词[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e­4tofind(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole­Aitkenbasin.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Theyareeasytocare(care)forandmakegreatpresents.4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetouttofind(find)thewell­knownpainter.5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.1．考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。短文改错1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,and...frying→fried2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.say→saying3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)...andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.去掉第一个to4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.eat前加to5．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.preparing→prepare1．非谓语动词的错用；2．谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；3．不定式符号的多余或缺失；4．介词to与不定式符号的误判。考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·太原二中模拟)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst­yearstudentsacoursespeciallydesigned(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.2．(2020·太原一模)Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,notknowing(know)whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.3．(2020·周口一中质检)Failingtoturn(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2020·开封模拟)Hehasalotofdifferentinterests,rangedfromstampcollectingtoskating. ranged→ranging5．(2020·银川模拟)Almost50%ofthosesurveyingsaidthattheysupportedthePresident'sdecision. surveying→surveyed6．(2020·玉溪模拟)Hisparentsadvisedhimgotoschoolagain,buthewouldn't. him后加to[要点解读]非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式todotobedone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeingdone表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成考点二非谓语动词作状语[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·江西宜春中学第一次诊断)Tofree(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.2．(2020·揭阳模拟)Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten(write)，thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.3．(2020·山东烟台期末)Notknowing(know)whichuniversitytoattend，thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2020·吉林吉大附中月考)Ordinarysoap,usingcorrectly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively. using→used5．(2020·宜昌二模)TeslasaidTuesdaythatithadreachedanagreementwiththeChineseauthoritiesbuildabatteryandautomobilefactoryinShanghai. build前加to6．(2020·长沙一模)Encouraginggreatly,Iworkedevenharderthanever.GraduallyIbegantocatchupwithotherstudentsinmyclass. Encouraging→Encouraged[要点解读]1．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用soasto/inorderto替换，但soasto一般不可置于句首。Inordertocalculatetheamountofpower，workisdividedbytime.要计算功率的大小，可将功除以时间。(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：onlytodo；enoughtodo(足够做……)；too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomtookataxitotheairport，onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。[易错提醒]语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词。2．分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveatanytimenow.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。[易错提醒]部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located坐落于，lost迷路的，seated坐着的，hidden躲着的，lost/absorbed/buriedin沉溺于，dressedin穿着，tiredof厌烦的，facedwith面对着。Absorbedinpainting，Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3．独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking，talkingof，speakingof，judgingfrom/by，takingeverythingintoconsideration，comparedto/with，tobefrank，totell(you)thetruth，tobehonest，tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromHongKong.从口音判断，他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired.说实话，我有点累。考点三非谓语动词作定语[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·福州八县市一中联考)Ittellsatouching(touch)storythathighlightsChinesefamilies.2．(2020·河北五个一名校联盟二模)Shanghaisimplifiedtheproceduresforskilledforeignersworking(work)inthecitytogetresidencepermitswithinthreedays,thecity'slatestmeasuretoattract(attract)overseasworkers.3．(2020·重庆第一次调研)Father'sDay,observed(observe)onMarch19sinceMiddleAge,meanshonoringfathersandcelebratingfatherhood.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2020·邯郸模拟)Asiaissuchavastanddiversecontinentforanyonedreamofanescape. dream→dreaming5．(2020·惠州第二次调研)Inthepast,teacherswerealwaysexplainingthepointsinclass.Butnowweoftendiscusstheproblemsbeingraisedbytheteachersorourselves. 删除being6．(2020·石家庄摸底)JourneytotheWestisafantasticstorysettingintheTangdynasty. setting→set[要点解读]1．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher，butshecouldn'tfindanypapertowriteon.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，thelast，theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveatschoolandthelasttoleaveschool.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者，anything与不定式是被动关系)2．分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表完成时，用过去分词。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution，I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2019．为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2019年在澳大利亚进行的研究。Lastnight，thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。[易错提醒]非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词done；表示主动、进行用现在分词doing；表示被动、进行用beingdone；表示主动、尚未进行用todo；表示被动的动作尚未进行用tobedone。试比较：①Thebridgebuiltrecentlywasdesignedbyalocalcompany.②Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeinthesky.③Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.考点四非谓语动词作宾语[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·沈阳质量监测一)Toavoidwaiting(wait)inlineweadviseyoutobuyyourticketsinadvanceonline.2．(2020·广东七校联考)ForyearsHainanhasbeendevelopingitstourismindustry,whichaimstoturn(turn)theislandintoaninternationaltouristdestination.3．(2020·郑州第一次质量检测)Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsiderwinning(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.4．(2020·山西长治一联)Irememberedlocking(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice，butforgottoturnoffthelights.Ⅱ.单句改错5．(2020·长春一模)TheWebLanguagedoesnogoodtohelppeoplecommunicate,noritisusefulforlearningEnglish. help→helping6．(2020·武安模拟)Nowadays,itiscommoninChinathatsomepeopletendtorunningtheredlightingroupwhencrossingthestreet.running→run[要点解读]1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen(碰巧)等。Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant，waitingtobeserved.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feellike，giveup，putoff，objectto，lookforwardto等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.，havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3．一些动词可接不定式与动名词作宾语，但意义不同：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）,forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（已做）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做）,regretdoingsth.对做过的事表示后悔（已做）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）,rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.尽力去做某事,trydoingsth.尝试做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.做完一件事后接着做另一件事,goondoingsth.继续做原来做的事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事,can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事))—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.—Really？Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。Shenearlyforgottogivehimatipforhisservice.她几乎忘了给他的服务付小费。WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstopbuyingthegroceriesifIfoundout?她是担忧如果我弄清情况会如何作出反应，还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢？[易错提醒]1．动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve。2．不定式作动词及动词短语learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，findout等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who等。3．连词but后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。考点五非谓语动词作宾补[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·济宁二模)Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.2．(2020·龙口一模)Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.3．(2020·黄冈一模)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproductsdeveloped(develop)aftergreateffort.4．(2020·安庆慧德中学月考)Whenhewasreadytoleavehefoundhisbicycle'sfronttyre(轮胎)flat.Hehadtolookforaplacealongthestreettogethisbicyclerepaired(repair)．Ⅱ.单句改错5．(2020·成都第三次诊断性检测)Thismakesmerealizedthereisalwayssomeonemuchmorecapable.realized→realize6．(2020·武汉高三调考)LastSundaywasmybirthday,soIinvitedsomeguysgooutwithmeforacelebration.go前加to[要点解读]1．不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，callon，dependon等。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving，wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Havingfinishedherproject，shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用tobe作宾补或主补。Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard­workingpeopleintheworld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。2．分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listento，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listento，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Backfromhistwo­yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。(3)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①havesth.done＝getsth.done让别人做某事；②havesb./sth.doing让……一直做某事；getsth./sb.doing使……开始做某事；③havesb.dosth.＝getsb.todosth.让某人做某事。Beforedrivingintothecity，youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。考点六非谓语动词作主语和表语[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·湖北七市联考)Johannesburgisknown(know)astheCityofGold,whichistheheartofshopping(shop),entertainmentandcityadventure.2．(2020·辽宁铁岭协作体一联)Travelling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.3．(2020·沈阳模拟)Understanding(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.4．(2020·贵阳摸底)InVancouveritisunusualtosee(see)abear，butinsomecitiesyoucanseebiganimalsonthecitystreetseveryday.Ⅱ.单句改错5．(2020·开封模拟)Compareyourlookswithothers'islikecomparingappleswithoranges. Compare→Comparing6．(2020·成都二次摸底)Itisbettertraveltenthousandmilesthantoreadtenthousandbooks. travel前加to7．(2020·广东部分学校第一次联考)Asforme，Idon'tthinktakeextraclassesisnecessary. take→taking[要点解读]1．不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示某一次具体的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare，therearetimeswhenit'sbettertoremainsilent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。(2)不定式作表语时，①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis(to)improvemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。2．动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It'sawasteoftimedoing...；It'snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuselessdoing...；Thereisnousedoing...等中。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直接面对你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。It'snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek(＝Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob)．我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)remain作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接tobedone。Sheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly­formedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委员会的方针能否实行还有待观察。[易错提醒]不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错中常考的语法点。【技法点拨】语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查1．若句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填动词通常是非谓语动词，这时就要确定是动词­ing形式，­ed形式，还是不定式形式。2．所给动词在某及物动词后作宾语时要用不定式或者动名词(由它前面的及物动词决定)；作介词的宾语时要用动名词；作主语时要用不定式或者动名词。如果所给动词有名词形式的派生词，当其在句中作主语或宾语时，通常考查这个动词所派生出的名词。这时，要注意它的单复数形式。短文改错中对非谓语动词的考查1．谓语动词后或者某一形容词后如果是动词原形，就要注意两词之间是否该有不定式符号to。2．介词后(特别是介词to)的非谓语动词应该用动名词。to有时候是不定式，不要误判为介词。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Partofthereasonforthatisthatthesepesticidesappear________(stick)aroundintheenvironmentandstaydangerousforlongerperiodsoftime.tostick[句意：与这有关的部分原因是这些杀虫剂似乎更长期地存在于环境中并持续具有危险性。appear是连系动词，后接不定式作表语。]2．________(receive)yourpurchasesintime,makesuretheexpresscompanyknowsyouraddressexactly.Toreceive[句意：为了及时收到你购买的物品，要确保快递公司准确地知道你的地址。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。]3．However，manynetizensonSinaWeibodon'tthinkEle.meisprovidingawonderfulservice，sayingitjustwant________(make)money.tomake[句意：然而，新浪微博的网民们并不认为饿了么在提供好的服务，说它只是想赚钱。此处是不定式作宾语。]4．Thiscourseisofgreatinteresttostudents________(hope)toimprovetheirwritingskills.hoping[句意：希望能提高写作能力的学生对本课程有极大的兴趣。此处是现在分词作定语。]5．Theyounglady,________(make)severalattemptstofixhercellphone,decidedtohaveanothertry.havingmade[句意：这位年轻的女士试图修好她的手机，尝试好几次后决定再试一次。句中主语“Theyounglady”和动词“make”之间是主动关系，且该动作发生在主句谓语动词decided之前，故用动词­ing形式的完成式作状语。]6．Nowadays,moreandmoreChinesehomeshavethetechnologyandequipment________(need)todoonlineshopping.needed[句意：目前，越来越多的中国家庭拥有在线购物所需的技术和设备。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填needed。]7．WatchingbasketballgamesonTVathomeisonething,goingtowatchthem________(perform)liveisquiteanother.beingperformed[句意：在家里的电视上看篮球比赛是一回事，去看现场比赛又是另外一回事。根据句意可知，“perform”与其逻辑主语“them”之间为动宾关系，由live“现场地”可知，应用现在分词的被动式beingperformed，作宾语them的补足语。]8．Theydiscoveredthat________(sing)ingroupswasanessentialpartinhelpingpeoplerecoverfrommentalillness.singing[句意：他们发现合唱在帮助精神病人康复方面具有重要作用。此处是非谓语动词作主语。]Ⅱ.单句改错1．Severalofuswereaskedtoattendthemeeting,aslistingbelow. ________listing→listed[句意：我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。此处表示“被列出”，所以用过去分词。]2．Truefriendshipisthecommunicationoftheheartsandunderstandofthesouls. ________understand→understanding3．Offeredpeoplefood,housingandjobsiswhatagovernmentshouldfirstconsiderafteranaturaldisasterhappens. ________Offered→Offering[句意：在自然灾害发生后，给人们提供食物、住所和工作是政府应该首先考虑到的。从结构判断此处缺少主语，应该用动名词形式。]4．Afterclass,theteachercouldn'tleave,surroundingbythestudents. ________surrounding→surrounded[句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。theteacher与动词surround之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作状语。]5．Asisknown,onlyworkhardleadstohappiness. ________work→working[句意：众所周知，只有努力工作才能获得幸福。分析句子可知，主句缺少主语，表示一般性事实，故用v.­ing形式。]Ⅰ.语法填空(2020·柳州市摸底考试)We'veallheardthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealintheday.Itmayactuallybetrue.Recently,astudyofmorethan50，000adultsaged30andolder1．________(find)thatpeoplewhohavebreakfastaremorelikelytolose2．________(weigh)thanthosewhodon'teatamorningmeal.Otherstudiesconnectnoteatingbreakfast3．________ahigherriskofhighbloodpressure,heartdiseaseandsoon.However,it'snotjustwhenyoueatthatmatters,but4．________youeatalsomatters.5．________(keep)fit,youshouldhaveabalanceddietwithprotein,fiberandhealthyfats,whichisthekeytoasatisfying6．________nutritiousbreakfast.Ifyouwanttokeep7．________(you)frombeinghungrylateroftheday,you'dbettereatwithin90minutesafterwakingup.Also,coffeedrunkonanemptystomachisnotrecommendedbecauseitcanbe8．________(harm)toyourbody.There9．________(be)anoldsayingthatadvises“Eatbreakfastlikeaking,lunchlikeaprince,anddinnerlikeabeggar.”Itisworth10．________(follow)．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，