高考英语精准备考一轮讲义选修八Module2TheRenaissance

[一积词汇见多识广][课内单词回扣](一)阅读词汇写其义1．antiqueadj.古时制造的2.tentativeadj.不确定的3．substituten.代替物4.confidentialadj.秘密的，机密的5．squeezev.榨出；挤出6.frontiern.新领域(二)表达词汇写其形1．fleev.逃跑，逃掉2.appealv.恳求；呼吁3．lossn.丢失；丧失4.circulatev.流传；传播5．seekv.寻找；寻求6.fundamentaladj.根本的；基本的7．debtn.债务；人情债8.merelyadv.仅仅；只不过9．passionn.激情，热爱10.behalfn.方面；利益11．blamen.(对错事或坏事应付的)责任(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.giftedadj.有天赋的；有才华的→giftn．天赋；礼物2.calculatev．计算→calculationn．计算(结果)→calculatorn．计算器；计算者*3.suspectn．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子v．怀疑→suspiciousadj.可疑的*4.disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbv．打扰；扰乱→disturbedadj.烦恼的，不安的*5.basicallyadv.基本上，本质上，大致说来→basicadj.基本的n．基本，要素→basen．基础vt.基于；以……为基础*6.effectn．效果；作用→effectiveadj.有效的；实际的*7.motivatev．激发，激励→motivationn．激起；动机；意图8.inspirev．鼓舞，激励→inspirationn．灵感，启示；鼓舞9.skilledadj.有技巧的，熟练的→skilln．技能，技巧→skillfuladj.灵巧的10.professionn．职业→professionaladj.职业的用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1．Thepolicesuspectedthattwoofthesuspectscaughtyesterdaywereconnectedwithanothercase.Theyweremoresuspicious.(suspect)2．Basically,_hisineonlymeetsbasiclivingexpenses.Soheonlychoosesasimplelifestylebasedonhislimitedsalary.(basic)3．Thedrughasabadeffectonhumanssothegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestopreventitfromspreading.(effect)4．Mostpeoplethinkacertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationtolifeanditisgenerallyacceptedthatpeoplearemotivatedbysuccess.(motivate)5．Thedisturbingnewsdisturbedthefamily'speacefullifeandthefamilyallfeltdisturbed.(disturb)6．Evenifyouareagiftedman,youshouldnottakeyourgiftforgranted.Makefulluseofitandyou'llsucceed.(gift)[话题单词积累]1．technique/tek'niːk/n．技巧2．production/prə'dʌkʃ(ə)n/n.作品3．reflection/rI'flekʃ(ə)n/n.反映4．background/'bækɡraʊnd/n.背景5．exhibition/eksI'bɪʃ(ə)n/n.展览；展览会6．display/dI'spleI/n．&vt.展示；陈列7．reflect/rI'flekt/v.反映8．admire/əd'maIə/v.赞美；钦佩9．enter/'entə/v.进入10．satisfy/'sætIsfaI/v.满足11．improve/Im'pruːv/v.改善；提高12．appreciate/ə'priːʃIeɪt/vt.鉴赏；感激13．classic/'klæsIk/adj.经典的14．unique/juː'niːk/adj.独特的15．abstract/'æbstrækt/adj.抽象的；深奥的16．artistic/ɑː'tIstIk/adj.艺术的17．cultural/'kʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l/adj.文化的18．various/'veərIəs/adj.各种各样的19．extraordinary/Ik'strɔːd(ə)n(ə)ri/adj.非凡的20．vivid/'vIvId/adj.生动的21．visual/'vIʒjʊəl/adj.视觉的22．valuable/'væljʊəb(ə)l/adj.有价值的23．series/'sIəriːz/n.系列24．studio/'stjuːdIəʊ/n.画室25．self­portrait/'self'pɔ：tr(e)it/n．自画像26．sketch/sketʃ/n.草图；素描27．painting/'peIntIŋ/n.油画，水彩画28．gallery/'ɡæl(ə)rI/n.画廊29．sculpture/'skʌlptʃə/n.雕塑，雕刻30．statue/'stætjuː/n.塑像；雕像31．workshop/'wɜːkʃɒp/n.工作间32．design/dI'zaIn/n．&vt.设计，图案33．construct/kən'strʌkt/vt.建设，建筑34．construction/kən'strʌkʃ(ə)n/n．建造35．magnificent/mæɡ'nɪfIs(ə)nt/adj.壮观的36．splendid/'splendId/adj.辉煌的；壮丽的37．skyscraper/'skaIskreɪpə/n.摩天大楼38．architect/'ɑːkItekt/n.建筑师[二积短语顿挫抑扬][课内短语回扣](一)根据汉语写出下列短语1.in_history历史上*2.depend_on依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)3.leave_for出发去某地4.tax_on收……的税，向……课税*5.leave_sth._behind把……抛在后面*6.on_behalf_of代表……7.get_tired_of_(doing)_sth.厌倦(做)某事；厌烦(做)某事8.at_liberty获得自由的*9.be_thirsty_for渴求，渴望*10.up_to到(某个数量)*11.lead_to导致，通向，通往12.take_up从事，开始做(某项工作)；占据(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1．Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.2．Ifyouaskthefastestrunnertomakethepace,thenmostofthemwillbeleft_behind.3．On_behalf_ofeveryonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry.(2016·天津高考书面表达)4．Long­timeexposuretoairpollutioncanlead_tophysicalchangesinthebrain.5．Ifyouare_thirsty_forknowledge,thenitisagoodwaytoreadalot.6．Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftimeandhisinetotaledup_to10,000dollarsthismonth.[话题短语积累]1．worksofart艺术品2．truetolife逼真3．onexhibition/display在展览4．beopento...向……开放5．rangefrom...to...范围从……到……6．apply...to...把……应用于……7．senseofbeauty美感8．onshow在展出中9．abstractart抽象艺术10．showup出现11．befacedwith面对，面临12．haveaninfluenceon...对……有影响13．worksappreciation作品欣赏14．forsale待售15．forfree免费16．widenone'shorizons开阔某人的眼界17．dueto因为……；由于……18．actas充当19．inshort总之20．beacknowledgedas被公认为21．enrichone'slife丰富某人的生活22．makefulluseof充分利用23．makealiving谋生[三积句式写作扮靓][课内句式仿写]1．Sb./Sth.isbelievedtobe/do...“某人/事被认为是/做……”[例句]Itisbelievedtobethebestexampleofanewlifelikestyleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.[仿写]建造这座博物馆是为了纪念被认为发现了这座岛的探险家。Themuseumisbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhois_believed_to_have_discoveredtheisland.2．“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语[例句]Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspectiveandtheeffectsoflight...[仿写]不知道下一步做什么，她停下来等着。Notknowingwhat_to_do_next,_shestoppedtowait.3．where引导的从句作介词的宾语[例句]Soyoucanwalkalongastreetforhalfanhourorsoandendupfiveminutesfromwhereyoustarted.[仿写]让我们从上次停的地方继续讲故事吧。Let'sgoonwithourstoryfrom_where_we_stoppedlasttime.[话题佳句背诵]1．Artismuchlessimportantthanlife,butwhatapoorlifewithoutit!艺术远没有生活重要，但是没有艺术，生活是多么乏味啊！2．Theexhibitiongiveslocalartistsanopportunitytodisplaytheirworks.这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。3．Mostpeopleinvitedtotheopeningceremonywerefamousartists.被邀请参加开幕式的大多数人是著名的艺术家。[四背语段语感流畅]Inthepast,alotofartgalleriesinourcountrywerenotmadefulluseof.Ontheonehand,visitorshadtobuyticketstoenter.Ontheotherhand,manypeopleweresobusyatworktomakealiving,whichleftthemlittletimetoappreciateworksofart.However,thingsarequitedifferentnow.Sincepeople'slivingstandardshaveimproved,they'reeagertoenrichtheirculturallife.Sincealltheartgallerieswereopentovisitorsforfreeattheendof2012,itismoreconvenientforthepublictoenjoyvariousartworks.Itnotonlysatisfiespeople'sneeds,butalsohelpsthemtohaveabetterunderstandingofart.在过去，我国的许多艺术画廊没有被充分利用。一方面，游客不得不购买门票进入。另一方面，许多人为了谋生忙于工作，这使他们很少有时间欣赏艺术作品。然而，现在的情况有很大的不同。既然人们的生活水平提高了，他们就渴望丰富自己的文化生活。自从2012年底所有的艺术画廊都免费向游客开放以来，公众欣赏各种艺术作品更方便了。它不仅满足了人们的需要，而且有助于他们更好地了解艺术。[第一板块重点词汇突破][师生共研词汇]1．effectn．效果；作用；影响[高考佳句]TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebeeevenmorestrikingsinceI'vebegunusingasmartphone.(2016·江苏高考)自从我开始使用智能，互联网的这些影响变得更加惊人。(1)havean/noeffecton对……有/没有影响bring/put/carry...intoeffect实行，实施，使……生效e/gointoeffect开始生效；开始实施takeeffect见效，生效，实施ineffect实际上；(规则、法律)有效/在实行中sideeffect副作用(2)effectiveadj.有效的(3)affectv.影响①Thenewlawhas_e_into_effect;_surelyitwillhave_an_effect_onindustryofthecountry.这项新的法律已经开始生效了；它肯定会对这个国家的工业有影响。②Generallyspeaking,whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnoside_effect.一般来说，按照说明书来服药是不会有副作用的。③Aspirinisasimplebuthighlyeffective(effect)treatment.阿司匹林药片治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。2．seekv．(sought,sought)寻求，寻找；追求；探求，探索；试图[高考佳句]FromthisexperienceIhavelearntthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekthetruth.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)通过这次经历我了解到质疑是帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。seektodosth.(正式)试图做某事seekone'sfortune寻找发财(或成功)的机会seekafter/for追求，寻求seekout挑选出；找出①Weseekto_find(find)awaytomakeusgetalongwellwiththepeoplearoundus.我们试图找到一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。②Manyyoungpeopleleavetheirhometownto_seek_their_fortuneinbigcities.很多年轻人离开家乡到大城市寻找成功的机会。3．blamen．(对错事或坏事应付的)责任；过失v.责备；谴责；把……归咎于[高考佳句]Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)很多人觉得早上起床很困难并把责任归咎于闹钟。(1)blamesb./sth.forsth.因某事而责备某人/某事blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事betoblame(forsth.)对(某事)负有责任(2)take/accepttheblame(for)(为……)承担责任lay/puttheblame(forsth.)onsb.(把某事)归咎于某人①Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfareto_blame(blame)．不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时该责怪的是你自己。②Thepolicehadfiguredoutthecauseofthetrafficaccidentanditwasthelorrydriverthatshouldtake_the_blame_forit.警方已经查明这起交通事故的起因，是那位卡车司机应为此负责。4．inspirev．鼓舞，激励，鼓励，激发[经典例句]Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.他激励了很多年轻人参加这项运动。(1)inspiresb.todosth.激励某人做某事inspiresb.withsth.＝inspiresth.insb.以……激励某人；激起某人的……(2)inspiredadj.品质优秀的；能力卓越的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的inspirationn.灵感①Hisencouragingremarksinspiredconfidenceinme.→Hisencouragingremarksinspiredmewithconfidence.他鼓励的话语激起了我的信心。②Hisspeechwasinspiringandtouchedeveryone'sheart,whichinspiredallthepeoplepresenttoworkevenharderlater.(inspire)他的演讲令人鼓舞，打动人心，鼓舞了在场的每个人今后更努力地工作。③Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirations(inspire)forgreatinventions.(2017·北京高考单选)我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16­year­oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheoneto_blame(blame)．2．Whenseeking(seek)forajob,acollegegraduateisatadisadvantageintermsofworkingexperience.3．Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryoneto_save(save)water.4．Withinspiration(inspire)fromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakeaturnforthebetter.5．Socialnetworkingisanimportantfactorleadingtobusinesssuccess.6．Shecountsamongthemostgifted(gift)ofthecurrentgenerationofposers.7．Thedoctoris_skilled(skill)attreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygoodreputation.8．Second,gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriendsasphysicalexercise,whichisaneffective(effect)waytogetridofyouranger.9．Hewasalwaysindebtwhenhewasyoungbutnowhehasbeeamillionaire.10．(2017·浙江高考语法填空)Shesuspected(suspect)thatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Theymotivatedbythelecturesostronglythattheyweredeterminedtolearnwell.motivated前加were2．Asisknown,asuccessfulfamilyeducationhasagreateffectinchildren'sgrowth.in→on3．Thenoisewassodisturbedthathecouldnotfocushisattentiononhisstudies.disturbed→disturbing4．Amancanfailmanytimes,butheisn'tafailureuntilhebeginstoputtheblameforsomebodyelse.for→on5．Thepolicesuspectedhimcarryingdrugssotheywentthroughhisbag,butfoundnothing.him后加ofⅢ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译/完成片段)1．当地学校正在试图降低辍学率。(seektodo)Localschoolsare_seeking_to_reducethedropoutrate.2．人应该追求知识和美德，不能像野兽那样活着。(seekafter)Manshouldseek_after_knowledge_and_virtue,_butnotjustlikeananimal.3．她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。①Sheblamed_her_husband_for_the_failure_of_their_marriage.(blamesb.forsth.)②Sheblamed_the_failure_of_their_marriage_onherhusband.(blamesth.onsb.)③Sheput/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_their_marriage_onherhusband.(put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.)4．演员们以他们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。①Theactorsinspired_the_kids_with_their_enthusiasm.(inspiresb.withsth.)②Theactorsinspired_their_enthusiasm_in_the_kids.(inspiresth.insb.)5．用effect短语完成下面语段Thenewtrafficrules①came_into_effect(开始实施)onJanuary1,2015.Now,theyarebeginningto②take_effect(见成效)．③In_effect(事实上),they④have_an_effect_on(对……有影响)people'slifeinmanywaysbesidespeople'sfocusonroadsafety.[第二板块短语、句式突破]1．dependon依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)[经典例句]Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.通常来说，一个人的智力极限出生时就已经决定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他的生活环境。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dependonsb.todosth.,dependonsb./sb.'sdoingsth.))依靠/指望某人做某事dependonsb.forsth.指望/依赖某人得到某物dependon/uponitthat...相信/指望……Thatdepends./It(all)depends.视情况而定。①Iknowwecandependonherto_deal/dealing(deal)withthetoughsituation.我知道我们可以依赖她来应对这种棘手的形势。②Don'tworry.Youcandependon/uponitthathe'llturnupontime.Healwayskeepshispromises.别担心，你可以相信他会准时出现的，他总是信守诺言。[名师指津]relyon,dependon/upon,seeto等词后用that从句作宾语时，必须先用it作形式宾语。2．leavesth.behind把……抛在后面；遗留[高考佳句]Igrewanxious:Whatifthefamilyhadsimplyleftthecatbehind？(2015·重庆高考)我变得担忧起来：要是家里把猫落下怎么办？leavealone不打扰；不干涉；不管；不理leavefor动身去某地leaveoff停止；中断leaveaside不考虑；忽视；搁在一边leaveout遗漏，省略，删去，不考虑leave...to...把……交由……处理①Theeditorsdecidedtoleave_outthischaptertomakethebookshorter.编辑们为了让这本书更精简决定删除这个章节。②ImetProfessorGreeninthestreettheotherdayandhetoldmehewouldsoonleave_forBritain.几天前我在街上遇见了格林教授，他告诉我他不久将出发去英国。3．Paintersdiscoveredhow_to_useperspectiveandtheeffectsoflight...画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果……句中howtouse...为“特殊疑问词(含从属连词whether)＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语，该句可以转换成一个宾语从句：Paintersdiscoveredhowtheycoulduseperspectiveandtheeffectsoflight...(1)能接“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的常见动词有：tell,advise,ask,consider,decide,discuss,show等。(2)“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构也可在句中作主语或表语。(3)在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。①I'mwonderingwho_to_turn_toforhelp.我在想该找谁帮忙。②How_to_give_advice_in_EnglishiswhatIamtryingtolearn.我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。③Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishow_to_survivewithoutfriends.也许最艰难的挑战就是没有朋友应该怎样生存。④Thereweresomanytoysthathedidn'tknowwhich_one_to_choose.有太多的玩具可供选择以至于他不知道该选哪一个了。[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.选词填空takeup，leavefor，leavebehind，leadto，onbehalfof，dependon，upto，gettiredof，suspect...of，betoblame1．Wasn'tittheicyroadratherthanthedriversthatwas_to_blamefortheseriesoftrafficaccidents?2．DeerElk,suspected_ofconductingaseriesofdeadlybombingsinAlgierslastyear,wasarrestedbythepolicelastweek.3．Neverget_tired_ofdoinglittlethingsforothers.Sometimesthosethingsoccupythebiggestpartoftheirhearts.4．Thereisonlyoneoftheoldestcustomsthathasbeenkeptinthisdistrictup_tonow.5．Whileshopping,youshouldmakeyourowndecision.Youcannotsimplydepend_onwhatisadvertisedonTV.6．Thechairmansignedthedocumenton_behalf_ofthepany.7．We'resurethatthemeasureswilllead_toalargeincreaseinourproduction.8．Therearesomanybooks!Itisnoteasyforustodecidewhichtotakeandwhichtoleave_behind.9．Whendidyoutake_upSpanishasasecondforeignlanguage?10．Theboywasinsuchananxiousrushwhenheleft_forschoolthathelefthiskeyinsidethehouse.Ⅱ.补全句子/句型转换/完成小语段1．我已长大，可以独自生活了，我将不再依靠我父亲了。I'vebeenoldenoughtoliveonmyownandI'll_no_longer_depend_on_my_father.2．此外，我们应该学习如何与他人相处。Inaddition,weshouldlearnhow_to_get_along_well_with_others.3．何时何地举行下一届城市运动会还没定下来。When_and_where_to_hold_the_next_city_sports_meetinghasnotbeendecided.4．Youcandependonhimtofinishthedifficulttaskontime.→Youcandepend_on/upon_it_thathe'llfinishthedifficulttaskontime.5．Weplanned①to_leave_for(离开去)thestationearlysoastocatchthefirsttrain.Sopleasecallmewhenyouleave;don't②leave_me_behind(把我落下)．Besides,please③leave_the_note_to(把便条交给)ourmonitor.eq\a\vs4\al([课堂双线提能]课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接)提能一用课文词汇写高分作文gifted，subject，work，appeal，reckon，dull，passion，blame，inspire，disturb，onbehalfof，bethirstyfor，seekafter，haveaneffecton，leadto1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)①李明有绘画天赋，最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛。他渴望获奖。LiMingisgiftedatdrawing.Recentlyheparticipatedinapaintingpetitionon_behalf_ofhisschoolandhewas_thirsty_foraprize.②他的作品以“和平”为主题，呼吁人们珍爱和平，铭记历史。Thesubjectofhisworkis“peace”，whichappealstopeopletocherishpeaceandrememberhistory.③评委们认为他的作品过于沉闷，缺乏激情。Thejudgesreckonedthathisworkwastoodullandlackedpassion.④李明没有获奖，这让他很不安。LiMingdidn'twintheprize,whichdisturbedhimalot.⑤老师不但没有责备他，而是激励他追求艺术的真谛，不要让这次失败对他产生消极的影响。Histeachernotonlydidnotblamehim,butalsoinspiredhimtoseek_afterthetruemeaningofartandnotletthisfailurehave_anegativeeffect_onhim.⑥在通往艺术的道路上李明还有很长的路要走。LiMingstillhasalottodoonthewayleading_totheart.2．升级平淡句把句①改为含定语从句的复合句Li_Ming,_who_is_gifted_at_drawing,_recently_participated_in_a_painting_petition_on_behalf_of_his_school_and_he_was_thirsty_for_a_prize.3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however,so,toone'srelief,ineffect)LiMing,whoisgiftedatdrawing,recentlyparticipatedinapaintingpetitiononbehalfofhisschoolandhewasthirstyforaprize.Thesubjectofhisworkis“peace”，whichappealstopeopletocherishpeaceandrememberhistory.However,thejudgesreckonedthathisworkwastoodullandlackedpassion.SoLiMingdidn'twintheprize,whichdisturbedhimalot.Tohisrelief,histeachernotonlydidnotblamehim,butalsoinspiredhimtoseekafterthetruemeaningofartandnotletthisfailurehaveanegativeeffectonhim.Ineffect,LiMingstillhasalottodoonthewayleadingtotheart.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——状语复杂的简单句]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句AftercenturiesofacceptingamedievalworldviewinwhichhumanlifewasconsideredoflittlevalueparedwiththegreatnessofGod,philosophersbeganaskingquestionslike“Whatisaperson？”or“WhyamIhere？”该句前半部分是一个较长的After...介词短语作状语，其中含有一个“inwhich”引导的定语从句和一个独立分词短语“paredwith...”。总的来说，从干细胞从捐献者收获的时间到他们可以植入病人体内的时间，我们最多有72个小时。真题长难句Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C)该句前半部分有一个较长的“from...to...”介词短语作状语，其中含有两个定语从句“thestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor”和“theycanbeimplantedinthepatient”。“文艺复兴”的概念在14～16世纪时已被意大利的人文主义作家和学者所使用。文艺复兴着重表明了新文化以古典为师的一面，但它并非单纯的古典复兴，实际上是反封建的新文化的创造。文艺复兴主要表现在科学、文学和艺术的普遍高涨，但因各国的社会经济和历史条件不同，在各国带有各自的特征。在历年的高考题中，有关此话题的题目通常出现在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达题中。一、话题与语篇[考题示例](2015·重庆高考阅读E)[1]Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism(相对主义),aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview,however,failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmindacrossculturesandthroughcenturies.[2]HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls,asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries.Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart,eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.Theyhavesetthemselvesapartintheirtimelessappealandwillprobablybeenjoyedforcenturiesintothefuture.[3]Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不变的)inhumannature，”thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.Worksofthistype,hebelieved,spoketodeepandunvaryingfeaturesofhumannatureandcouldcontinuetoexistovercenturies.[4]Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.Forexample,evolutionarypsychologyisbeingusedbyliteraryscholarstoexplainthelong­lastingthemesandplotdevicesinfiction.Thestructuresofmusicalpiecesarenowopentoexperimentalanalysisasneverbefore.Researchfindingsseemtoindicatethatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.1．Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?A．Itintroducesdifferentculturalvalues.B．Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.C．Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D．Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.2．InParagraph2,theartistsarementionedinordertoshowthat________.A．greatworksofartcangobeyondnationalboundariesB．historygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthemapartC．popularartsarehardlydistinguishablefromgreatartsD．greatartistsareskilledatbiningvariouscultures3．AccordingtoHume,someworksofartcanexistforcenturiesbecause________.A．theyareresultsofscientificstudyB．theyestablishsomegeneralprinciplesofartC．theyarecreatedbytheworld'sgreatestartistsD．theyappealtounchangingfeaturesofhumannature4．Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A．AreArtisticValuesUniversal?B．ArePopularArtsPermanent?C．IsHumanNatureUniform?D．IsCulturalRelativismScientific?[策略指导](一)这样读文第1步：宏观把握文章大意分层抓关键句概括层意行文结构第1段第1段画波浪线部分根据文化相对主义，艺术作品的价值是当地的社会经济状况的反映提出问题第2～4段第2～4段画波浪线部分艺术是超越国界的，其价值在于其影响的深远性和普遍性，在于其永恒的魅力解决问题第2步：微观突破理解障碍Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause“thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不变的)inhumannature，”thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.[句式分析]句中that引导宾语从句，其中because引导状语从句，thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent是宾语从句的主句。[自主翻译]在1757年的一篇论文中，哲学家大卫·休谟认为，因为“在人类本性方面审美的一般原则是不变的”，那么一些艺术作品的价值可能在本质上是永恒的。(二)这样做题[名师解题]1．细节理解题。选C题干中的“culturalrelativism”是关键词，答案可以锁定在第一段第一句“...simplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.”文化相对主义认为，艺术作品的价值在于能够反映当地的社会和经济状况。换句话说，艺术作品的价值在于它们与当地的情况息息相关。2．推理判断题。选A第二段主要是通过举例说明的手法来说明第一段最后一句观点的真实性。第一段最后一句说，“然而，这种观点不能解释一些艺术作品能够穿越文化和时间使人的思维兴奋起来。”第二段所举的例子中提到莎士比亚、莫扎特，还提到日本的画家安藤广重，这些都与A项的“gobeyondnationalboundaries(超越国界)”相匹配。3．细节理解题。选D根据题干中的Hume可将答案锁定在第三段。本段主要引用哲学家大卫·休谟的话来说明艺术作品的价值所在。D项的unchangingfeatures与本段最后一句中的“unvaryingfeatures”匹配。4．标题归纳题。选A文章的标题往往也是文章主旨大意的概括，或与主旨相关。本文第一段开篇点题，围绕艺术作品的价值进行讨论，由此可知应该选择A项。[阅读理解系列技法32]“四步法”巧解间接细节理解题间接细节理解题并非对原文内容进行直接提问，而是对原文相关的信息进行语意上的转换。常见的题干是利用原文情节中的因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行设置的。在实际解题过程中，常用的解题步骤是：第一步，找到关键词：从题干和选项中找出能定位原文信息的特征词作为关键词。第二步，返回原文：通过关键词定位原文信息。第三步，精细阅读：结合题干和选项对原文信息进行精细阅读。第四步，加工提炼：对原文信息进行加工处理，通过语意转换、归纳总结等手段并与备选项进行匹配对比，确定正确答案。例如上文第1题为间接细节理解题。题干中的“culturalrelativism”是关键词，根据此关键词可以定位到第一段的第一句“...simplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.”即艺术作品的价值在于能够反映当地的社会和经济状况。换句话说，艺术作品的价值在于它们与当地的状况联系在了一起。C项“Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions”是第一段第一句的语意转换。(三)这样积累1．artisticadj.艺术的2.culturaladj.文化的3．reflectionn.反映4.uniqueadj.独一无二的5．admirevt.欣赏6.featuren.特点7．worksofart艺术品8.apply...to...把……应用于……二、话题与写作[考题示例](2015·北京高考)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍在“传统文化进校园”活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以“ADaywithaCraftsman”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：一个面团apieceofdough面人doughfigurine[写作规范]第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分1．令人惊奇的amazing2．热烈的欢迎a_warm_wele3．基本的步骤和技能basic_steps_and_skills4．聚精会神地attentively5．耐心地patiently6．活动activity第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分1．上个星期二，我们班邀请一位老艺人来教我们如何制作面人，那真的是一次令人惊奇的经历。LastTuesday,ourclassinvitedanoldcraftsmanto_teach_us_how_to_makedoughfigurinesanditwasreallyan_amazing_experience.2．当艺人进入教室，我们给予他热烈的欢迎。Whenthecraftsmancame_intotheclassroom,wegave_him_a_warm_wele.3．与此同时，两个男孩紧跟在他后面，主动提供及时的帮助，帮他拿工具箱。Meanwhile,twoboysofferedtimelyhelp,carrying_the_tool_box_after_him.4．我们站在他周围，聚精会神地看着。Westoodaroundhimandwatched_attentively.5．看着这些面人，我们都感到非常兴奋。Looking_atthefigurines,wewereallveryexcited.第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分1．用非限制性定语从句升级句1Last_Tuesday,_our_class_invited_an_old_craftsman_to_teach_us_how_to_make_dough_figurines,_which_was_really_an_amazing_experience.2．用hardly...when高级表达升级句2Hardly_had_the_craftsman_e_into_the_classroom_when_we_gave_him_a_warm_wele.第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分ADaywithaCraftsmanLast_Tuesday,_our_class_invited_an_old_craftsman_to_teach_us_how_to_make_dough_figurines,_which_was_really_an_amazing_experience.Hardly_had_the_craftsman_e_into_the_classroom_when_we_gave_him_a_warm_wele._Meanwhile,_two_boys_offered_timely_help,_carrying_the_tool_box_after_him._First,_he_showed_us_the_basic_steps_and_skills_of_making_dough_figurines._We_stood_around_him_and_watched_attentively._Then_we_started_to_have_a_try_by_ourselves._The_old_man_walked_around_and_helped_us_patiently._Finally,_we_put_the_figurines_we_made_on_the_table_and_took_pictures_with_the_old_craftsman._Looking_at_the_figurines,_we_were_all_very_excited.We_hope_we_can_have_more_activities_of_this_kind![单元检测·高考提能]Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheBlindSideisapelling(吸引人的)moviethattellsthetruestoryofMichaelOher,ahomelessyoungmanwhoisweledintoaChristianfamily.Michael,nowaseniorinhighschool,endsuplivingonthestreetswithnobelongingsandnorealhope.LeighAnne,awealthymom,discoversMichaelandweleshimintoherfamily.TheyputMichaelinaprivatehighschool.Atfirst,theschoolisreluctanttotakeMichaelinbecauseofhispooracademicrecord.However,thecoachacceptshim.MichaelslowlylearnstotrustLeighAnne,andherfamilyacceptshim.Michael,whoistypicallyquietandwithdrawn,veryslowlybeginstoopenuptothemandevenstartstosmile.WhenMichael'sgradesimprove,hejoinsthefootballteam.Beingaverylargeandstrongyoungman,Michaelisgiventhejobofblockingforthequarterback(四分卫).AtfirstMichael，who'sneverplayedfootballbefore,isnotaggressiveenough.Infact,itturnsoutthatthecoachwashopingthataboyfrom“thestreets”wouldbeviolent.However,LeighAnneunderstandsMichaelandremembersthathehadscoredhighon“protectiveness”onaschooltest.ShehelpsMichaelseethatprotectingthequarterbackislikeprotectingherorprotectingthefamily.ThischangeinviewturnsMichaelintoastarplayer.TheBlindSideisanencouragingmoviewithfinestorytelling.ThedirectinginTheBlindSideisfantastic.Also,thestorycarriesgreatemotionaldepth.ThereisaverystrongmessageoffaithinTheBlindSide.It'sveryclearthatLeighAnnehelpsMichaelbecauseshethinksit'stherightthingtodo.Allinall,themessageoffaithandhopeinTheBlindSideisveryclear,andthemovieisextremelymoving.语篇解读：本文是一则影评。文章是对电影《弱点》的评论。1．Theunderlinedword“reluctant”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“________”．A．glad B．curiousC．unwilling D．determined解析：选C词义猜测题。由画线词后面的“becauseofhispooracademicrecord”以及“However”可知，起初学校并不愿意接收迈克尔·奥赫，故reluctant意为“不情愿的”。2．InthemovieTheBlindSide,MichaelOher________.A．isturneddownbytheschoolB．seemstobeabornstarfootballplayerC．isasilent,hopelessandviolentyoungmanD．hasanappearancethatdoesn'tagreewithhischaracter解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段中的“typicallyquietandwithdrawn”以及第四段中的“Beingaverylargeandstrongyoungman”和“thecoachwashopingthataboyfrom‘thestreets’wouldbeviolent”可知，迈克尔·奥赫的外表与他的性格不符。3．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4thatLeighAnne________.A．isabletoreadMichael'smindB．isnotsatisfiedwithMichael'scoachC．knowsMichaelisinneedofprotectionD．encouragesMichaeltobeagreatquarterback解析：选A细节理解题。由第四段中的“However,LeighAnneunderstandsMichael...islikeprotectingherorprotectingthefamily.”可知，莉·安妮非常了解迈克尔·奥赫，并帮助他成为一名出色的橄榄球运动员。4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefilm?A．Itisworthseeing.B．Itisfunbutunrealistic.C．There'snofilmworsethanit.D．There'sroomforimprovement.解析：选A推理判断题。由最后两段的描述可知，作者认为这是一部非常好的、令人振奋的、感人的电影，值得一看。BFromfistbumpstoairquotes,thesemoveshadtostartsomewhere.1．ThefistbumpThefistbumpreceivedits15minutesoffamewhentheformerPresidentBarackObamaknockedfistswithhiswifeMichelleduringatelevisedpresidentialcampaignspeech.SomecreditthemovetoBaseballHallofFamerStanMusial,whobumpedfistsinsteadofshakinghandstoavoidcatchingcold