05- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（新高考II卷专用）黄金卷05注意事项：1．本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2．考生答题前请在规定位置填写姓名、班级、考号等相关信息，在答题卡上正确填涂准考证号（或粘贴条形码）并仔细核对自己的信息；3．选择题请用2B铅笔在答题卡对应的位置准确填涂，非选择题请用0.5mm黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡的非选择题区域作答。在本试卷及草稿纸上作答，答案无效；4．考试结束后，本试题、答题卡、草稿纸一并收回，请勿带出考场。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inacar. B．Atabusstop. C．Onabus.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,Iforgottogetoff.M:Relax,Jane.Oncethisbusleftthestop,itwasn’tgoingtostopuntilthenextstop...Sitandrelax.Ihaveplentyofstoriestotellyou.2．Howmuchwillthewomanpaytorentthecar?A．200dollars. B．210dollars. C．240dollars.【答案】C【原文】M:WelcometoCarsRentalCompany.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Ineedtorentacarforeightdays.Whatareyourrates?M:30dollarsaday.3．Whatistheman?A．Aheadmaster. B．Adoctor. C．Astudent.【答案】B【原文】W:Whydidn’tyougotoJimmy’sgraduationparty?M:Well,Icouldhavegone.ButIreceivedacallonthewayandapatientneededanimmediateoperation.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inaclassroom. B．Inarestaurant. C．Inabookstore.【答案】C【原文】M:Excuseme,I’dliketoexchangethebook.W:I’msorry.Thebookwillnotbeexchangedunlessithasqualityproblems.M:Well,Ifoundthatsomepagesweremissing.5．Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork?A．Bycar. B．Bybike. C．Bytaxi.【答案】B【原文】W:Harry,whereareyouworking?Inasteelfactory?M:No,Iserveasasecretaryinabigcompany.W:Howdoyougotowork?Bycarorbybus?M:Usuallybybike,butItakeataxiwhentheweatherisbad.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhyisthemangoingtoVietnam?A．Totravel. B．Towork. C．Tostudy.7．Whatdoesthemanknowaboutspidersfromthehandbooks?A．Theyhavekilledplentyoftourists.B．Theyareofteneatenbyotheranimals.C．Theyliketomaketheirwebseverywhere.【答案】6．B7．C【原文】M:I’llgotothecountrysideofVietnamtobuildabridge.Ihavetoreadthesesafetyhandbooks.W:Whataretheyabout?M:Well,therearelotsofdangerousanimalsinVietnam.ThisonetellsmewhattodoifIgetbittenbyaworm.W:Aretherelotsofspiders?M:Yes.Andtheyliketomaketheirwebseverywhere,soyoualwaysneedtocheckinsideyourshoes.W:Ireadaboutonespiderthatmadeitswebinahotel.Anditevenkilledatouristinthehotelroom.M:Don’tworry.I’llbeverycarefulwhilestayingthere.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8．Whereistheapartment?A．Outsidethetown. B．Inthecenterofthepark. C．Inthecenterofthetown.9．Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A．Toconsultaboutanapartment.B．Todecorateanapartment.C．Tosellanapartment.【答案】8．C9．A【原文】M:Hello.I’mcallingabouttheapartment.Whereisit?W:It’sinthecenterofthetown,nexttoapark.M:Wouldyoupleasesaymoreaboutit?W:Itisonthesixthfloorandhasagreatview.Therearetwobedroomsandonebathroom.Therentis100dollarsaweek.M:Itsoundsnice.WhencanIseeit?W:Ihavesomethingimportanttodealwithinthemorning.I’llbefreethisafternoon.Youcanseeitafter4:00pmifyoulike.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10．Howdidtheman’sgrandpafeelwhenfirstusingthecomputer?A．Excited. B．Frightened. C．Disappointed.11．Whatmainlymadetheman’sgrandpalearntousethecomputer?A．Playgames. B．Watchlivematches. C．Doonlineshopping.12．Whodoesthegrandpachatwithonline?A．Hiscustomers. B．Hisfriends. C．Hisformercolleagues.13．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Gobackhome. B．Goabroad. C．Visithergrandpa.【答案】10．B11．C12．B13．A【原文】W:Luke,Ican’tbelieveyourgrandpaknowshowtousethecomputer.M:Ittookmealongtimetoteachhim.Ionlylethimplaywithmyoldcomputeratfirst.Thefirsttimeheusedit,thecomputercrashed,anditscaredhimwhenthecomputerturnedcompletelyblue.W:Oh,that’sadisaster.ButIsawhimplayingyournewcomputer.M:Yes.Heknowsenoughaboutthecomputernow.Sothere’snothingtoworryabout.W:Whydoeshewanttoplaythenewtechnique?Isitforvideochattingwithfamily?M:Farfromthat.Hewantstoseesomelivematches,playgamesandchatwithhisfriendsforawhile.Mostimportantly,hewantstobuythingsonlinelikewedo.W:That’sagoodthing.I’mgoinghomenow.M:Why?Itisstillearly.W:Yeah,butIwanttoteachmymomtousethesmartphonethisevening.SoIcanseeherfaceandhearhervoicewhenI’mabroad.M:OK.Seeyoutomorrow.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisgrade?A．Itwassatisfying. B．Itwasdisappointing. C．Itwasanimprovement.15．Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A．Howtodealwithstress.B．Howtowriteapaper.C．Howtoquitschool.16．Whatwillthemandotonight?A．Watchamovie. B．Haveagoodrest. C．Gotothewoman’shouse.17．What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Teacherandstudent. B．Motherandson. C．Friends.【答案】14．B15．A16．B17．C【原文】M:WhatwouldyousayifItoldyouIwasgoingtoquitschool?W:I’dsaythinktwiceaboutit.Well,youarenotgoingtoquitschool,areyou?M:Idon’tknow.Ifailedmyexam.W:Whatdidyouget?M:B.W:That’snotbad.M:ButIshouldhavedonebetter.ImeanIfinishedthepapersoquickly,thinkingit’sapieceofcake.ButwhenIknewmyresult,Iwaslike:what?thatcan’tbetrue.W:Listen,John.Iunderstandyouaresuchanexcellentstudent.AndIknowyoumusthavelotsofstress.Butyoureallywanttogiveup?M:No,Idon’t.Ijustdon’tknowhowtohandlethis.Thisismyfirsttime,youknow.W:Iknow.Don’tworry.Youneedtoletoffsomesteam(减压).Theworldisnotonyourshoulder.M:How?W:Forgetaboutschoolandexams.Comeovertomyhouseandhavefun.IhavesomereallygoodDVDs.M:Thanks.ButIreallydon’tfeellikewatchingmoviestonight.Ihavetogetanearlystartinthemorning.W:Thengotobedandhaveagoodsleep.M:Iguessthat’swhatIneed.Thanks.Youarebeingarealfriend.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．WhodesignedBigBen?A．QueenElizabeth. B．BenjaminHall. C．AugustusPugin.19．Howmanystepsarethereinthetower?A．150. B．334. C．433.20．Whywasthetowerclosed?A．Tomakerepairs.B．TomarkQueenElizabeth’sruling.C．TowelcometheOlympicGames.【答案】18．C19．B20．A【原文】BigBenisthenameofthelargebellinsidetheElizabethTowerinLondon,England.ThetowerwasoriginallycalledClockTowerbutthenamewaschangedin2012,namedafterQueenElizabethIItomark60yearsofherbeingtheruler.BigBenanditstowerareover150yearsold,anditisoneofthemostfamoussitesintheBritishcapitalcity.ItwasdesignedbyarchitectAugustusPuginandbuiltin1859.Itis96meterstall,andhas334stepsfromthegroundtothetop.ItisbelievedthebellisnamedafterengineerBenjaminHall,whowasinchargeoftheconstruction.In2012BigBencouldbeheard30timeswelcomingthe30thOlympicGamestoLondon.Thetowerwasclosedin2017inorderforanumberofrepairstobemade.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteerbysupportingalocalanimalrescuecenterinCostaRicaIfyoulikeanimalsandarealsointerestedinpreservingtheenvironment,youwillbeperfectforthisprogram.Youwillbehelpingoutinandsupportingalocalanimalshelter.Notonlydoesthissheltertakeinhomelessanimals,butalsowildanimalswhichareinbadcondition.Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.Asvolunteersspendmoredaysintheshelter,knowledgeaboutwildlifemanagementwillgrow.Requirements＊Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.＊SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.＊Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.＊Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday.Programfees＊Bookingpayments(15%):Thebookingpaymentissimplytoreserveyourvolunteerplacement.PaymentismadebyPayPal.Youcanalsopayusingacreditcard.＊Finalpayments(85%):YourfinalpaymentwillbeagreedwithVolunteerNowCostaRicaduringtheapplicationprocess.21．Whatcanavolunteerdointherescuecenter?A．Communicatewithvisitors. B．Gettrainedtoplaceanimals.C．Givelecturesaboutanimals. D．Searchforhomelessanimals.22．Whocanvolunteerintheprogram?A．AFrench-speakingadult. B．Aprimaryschoolchild.C．AcollegestudentfromAmerica. D．AlocalpersonfreeonFridays.23．Howmuchshouldavolunteerpayatleasttomakeareservation?A．$52.5. B．$105. C．$297.5. D．$350.【答案】21．A22．C23．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了如何申请支持哥斯达黎加当地动物救援中心的志愿者。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.”（除了照顾动物外，志愿者还帮助我们在入口处欢迎游客，并回答游客可能对收容所或动物的任何问题）可知，志愿者在救援中心可以与参观者沟通。故选A项。22．推理判断题。根据Requirements中“＊Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.＊SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.＊Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.＊Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday.”（*您需要在课程开始日期至少15岁，高中或以上水平。会说英语是基本要求。*国籍不限。欢迎来自哥斯达黎加和其他国家的援助之手。*星期一、二、三、四、六、日的09:00至15:00需要您的帮助）可知，一位来自美国的大学生可以自愿参加这个项目。故选C项。23．细节理解题。根据Programfees中“1week（minimumstay）$350”以及“Bookingpayments(15%)”（预订费用(15%)）可知，志愿者至少要付350×15%=52.5美元，才能预约。故选A项。BAsoneofthemostpopularTVdramas,TheOathofLove—aromancestarringYangZiandXiaoZhan—seizedwidespreadattentiononlinesinceitspremiere(首映)onMarch15.Adaptedfromthenovelofthesamename,theseriesfollowsLinZhixiao(Yang),athird-yearcollegestudentmajoringinmusic,asshemeetsGuWei(Xiao),apromisingyoungdoctor.Afterexperiencingastringofcoincidences,LindiscoversGuistheattendingphysicianforherfather,whohasbeendiagnosedwithstomachcancer.Inthedaysspenthelpingherfatherfightthedisease,LindevelopsromanticfeelingsforGu.“Withoutemphasizingdramaticconflicts,theseriesmakestheromanticrelationshipbetweenLinandGumorededicateandreal,”theChinaWomen’sNewsnoted.LinadmiresGuforhisseriousattitudestowardhisworkandhiskindnesstopatients,whileGuappreciatesLin’sperseveranceinthefaceofsetbacksasshetriestoachievehermusicdream.Maybeitisthismutualunderstandingandappreciationthatmakesthelovesoimpressivetoviewers.Accordingtotheproducers,theseriesexaminestheconfusionandstressfeltbyyoungpeopleinmodernsociety.ItalsodealswithatypicalChineseparentingstyle,whichiscriticizedasoverlytoughandstrict.Forexample,Lin’sfather,ademandinghigh-schoolteacher,alwaysinterferes(干涉)withLin’sfuturecareerplan.HetriestopersuadeLintodowhathethinksisbestforher.Meanwhile,Gu’sparentstendtointerveneinhischoicesconcerningloveandmarriage.Byshowingtherelationshipsofthetwofamilies,theTVseriesalsowantstopresentthegapbetweenoldandyounggenerationsthroughtheirdifferentvaluesandoutlooks.Thisiswhythedramaresonates(产生共鸣)withyoungaudiencesasdepictingtheirpressuresandlongingsinthestory.24．WhatdoweknowaboutTheOathofLove?A．Itisrevisedfromanovel. B．Thestoryismainlysetintheward.C．Linisanexpertinmusic. D．Lin’smotherpassedaway.25．WhatmadeGufallinlovewithLin?A．Herbeauty. B．Herquality. C．Hercourage. D．Herknowledge.26．Whataretheproducers’attitudetothetypicalChineseparentingstyle?A．Favorable. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Ambiguous.27．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．APopularTVDrama B．FindingLoveandFamilyC．UnderstandingtheYoung D．AFilmAttractingAudiences【答案】24．A25．B26．C27．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一部最受欢迎的电视剧之一：《余生，请多指教》，介绍了它的故事情节和制片人对它的评价以及受欢迎的原因，进而说明了浪漫的爱情故事和中国的育儿方式。24．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Adaptedfromthenovelofthesamename,theseriesfollowsLinZhixiao(Yang),athird-yearcollegestudentmajoringinmusic,asshemeetsGuWei(Xiao),apromisingyoungdoctor.(该剧改编自同名小说，讲述了音乐专业大三学生林之效（杨）遇到有前途的年轻医生顾魏（肖）的故事。)”可知，这部剧改编自同名小说。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子“GuappreciatesLin’sperseveranceinthefaceofsetbacksasshetriestoachievehermusicdream.(顾则赞赏林在努力实现音乐梦想的过程中，面对挫折的毅力。)”可知，顾欣赏林之效在努力实现音乐梦想的过程中面对挫折时的坚忍不拔，也就是说他是因为林的品质而爱上了她。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据第四段“Accordingtotheproducers,theseriesexaminestheconfusionandstressfeltbyyoungpeopleinmodernsociety.ItalsodealswithatypicalChineseparentingstyle,whichiscriticizedasoverlytoughandstrict.(据制作人介绍，这部剧反映了现代社会年轻人所感受到的困惑和压力。它还涉及典型的中国育儿方式，被批评为过于严厉和严格。)”，可知制作人并没有发表自己的看法，对典型的中国式育儿方式持客观的态度。故选C。27．主旨大意题。文章从《余生，请多指教》这部电视剧赢得广泛关注入手，谈论了这部剧的内容，进而说明了浪漫的爱情故事和中国的育儿方式。判断A项（一部流行的电视剧）适合作本文的标题。故选A。CAgrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(肠)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.28．WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A．ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B．Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C．Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D．Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.29．Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A．Bycontrollingdata. B．Byidentifyinggenes.C．Byanalyzingsamples. D．Bycomparingsymptoms.30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A．Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B．TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C．CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D．ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．GutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B．Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C．Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D．NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.【答案】28．B29．C30．A31．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第二段“ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。30．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。DAfterScottKellyspentayearinspace,hisgeneticexpressionchanged,accordingtoaNASAstudythatcomparedthebodilychangesbetweentheastronautandhisidenticaltwin,whostayedonEarthwhileKellywasaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.About7percentofKelly’sgeneactivityhasyetto“returntonormal”—almosttwoyearsafterhisyearlongspaceflightmissioncametoanend.KellyhassinceretiredfromNASA．TheTwinsStudy，asit’sbeencalled，lookedatwhathappenedtoKelly—bothphysiologicallyandpsychologically:—before，duringandafterhistripinspace，andthencomparedthatdatatoKelly’stwinbrother，MarkKelly，alsoaretiredNASAastronaut.Unlikehisbrotherwhospentmonthsatatimeinspace，Mark’smissionswereontheshorterside.Hislast—andlongest—mission，whichtookplacein2011，lasted15days.“Bymeasuringlargenumbersofthebrother’smetabolites，cytokines(代谢物、细胞活素）andproteins，researcherslearnedthatspaceflightisassociatedwithoxygendeprivation(匮乏）stress，increasedinflammation(炎症），andnutrientchangesthataffectgeneexpression，”NASAsaid.AlthoughmostofthebiologicalchangesKellyexperiencedinspacedisappearedinthehoursanddays(andinsomecases?weeks)afterhisreturntoEarthy,NASAsaidsomechangesappeartohavecontinued.While93percentofhisgeneticexpressionhasreturnedtonormal,severalhundred“spacegenes”stillhavechangedactivitylevels，thedatasuggests，which,NASAsaid,couldindicate“longer-termchanges”ingeneticexpressioncausedbythestressesofspaceflight.NASAsaidtheresearchcouldprovideimportantknowledgeoftheeffectsoflong-termspaceflightonthehumanbody,andthatitwillinfluenceitsplanningforamissiontoMars,whichwouldseeastronautsspendingsomethreeyearsinspace.Reactingtothenewsofthestudyresults,Kellyexpressedamazementathisbody’schanges，andalsousedtheopportunitytomakefunofhisbrother.“Thiscouldbegoodnews,”hejokedonTwitter.“InolongerhavetocallMarkmyidenticaltwinbrotheranymore.”32．WhatcanbelearntaboutMarkKelly?A．He’sstillworkingforNASA．B．Hehasonlybeentospaceonce.C．Hehasn’tgoneonaspaceflightmissionyet.D．Heneverstayedinspaceforawholemonth.33．WhatdoesNASA’sresearchshowaboutgeneticexpressionchanges?A．They’redangeroustoastronauts.B．Mostofthemwon’tlastverylong.C．They’remainlycausedbypsychologicalstress.D．Somecanoccurduringshort-termspaceflight.34．WhatcanweknowabouttheTwinsStudy?A．Itinvolvedmanytwinparticipants.B．ItendedsoonafterScottKelly’slastspaceflight.C．ItonlystudiedScottKelly’sphysicalchanges.D．ItwillbevaluabletoNASA’sMarsmission.35．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．MarkKellywilllosehistwinbrothersoon.B．ScottKellyalwayslooksonthebrightside.C．ScottKellydoesn’tlikehistwinbrother.D．ScottKellyseemstohaveasenseofhumor.【答案】32．D33．B34．D35．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的一项研究比较了ScottKelly和他的同卵双胞胎之间的身体变化。32．细节理解题。根据第二段“andthencomparedthatdatatoKelly’stwinbrother，MarkKelly，alsoaretiredNASAastronaut.”（然后将这些数据与凯利的双胞胎兄弟马克·凯利(MarkKelly)进行了比较，他也是一名退休的美国宇航局宇航员。）可知，马克已经退休了。再根据第三段“Unlikehisbrotherwhospentmonthsatatimeinspace，Mark’smissionswereontheshorterside.Hislast—andlongest—mission，whichtookplacein2011，lasted15days.”（不像他的兄弟每次在太空中呆上几个月，马克的任务比较短。他最后一次也是最长的一次任务发生在2011年，历时15天。）可知，马克在太空中只待了15填，他从未在太空呆过整整一个月。故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“AlthoughmostofthebiologicalchangesKellyexperiencedinspacedisappearedinthehoursanddaysafterhisreturntoEarthy,NASAsaidsomechangesappeartohavecontinued.”（尽管凯利在太空中经历的大部分生物变化在他返回地球后的几小时或几天内就消失了，但美国宇航局表示，一些变化似乎还在继续。）可知，大部分很快就会消失，持续不了多久。故选B项。34．细节理解题。根据第六段“NASAsaidtheresearchcouldprovideimportantknowledgeoftheeffectsoflong-termspaceflightonthehumanbody,andthatitwillinfluenceitsplanningforamissiontoMars,whichwouldseeastronautsspendingsomethreeyearsinspace.”（美国国家航空航天局表示，这项研究可以提供有关长期太空飞行对人体影响的重要知识，并将影响到其火星任务的计划，届时宇航员将在太空中度过三年左右的时间。）可知，此次对双胞胎兄弟的研究对美国宇航局的火星任务很有价值。故选D项。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Reactingtothenewsofthestudyresults,Kellyexpressedamazementathisbody’schanges，andalsousedtheopportunitytomakefunofhisbrother.“Thiscouldbegoodnews,”hejokedonTwitter.“InolongerhavetocallMarkmyidenticaltwinbrotheranymore.””（对于研究结果的消息，凯利表达了对自己身体变化的惊讶，并利用这个机会取笑他的弟弟。“这可能是个好消息，”他在Twitter上开玩笑说。“我再也不用管马克叫我的双胞胎兄弟了。”）可知，凯利借此研究结果发现兄弟二人太空回来后基因略有不同，说的只是玩笑话，可见这是幽默的表现。故选D项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ImprovingYourRelationshipWithYourParentsSometimesitseemsthatgettingalongwithyourparentsisimpossible.However,theyareprobablythemostimportantpersonsinyourlife.36,takethefollowingstepstotrytounderstandthembetter.Maketimewithyourparents.37,sospendtimewiththemwhileyouareableto.Thisdoesn’tmeanjustsittinginfrontoftheTVtogether.Instead,findactivitiestodotogether.Indoingthis,youwilllearnmoreaboutwhatyourparentsenjoydoing,anditwillbringyoucloser.Talkwithyourparents.Inordertounderstandyourparentsbetter,youhavetospendtimetalkingwiththem.Usethistimetolearnabouttheirdifferenthobbies,opinionsandvalues,toconnectwiththemonadeeperlevel.38,oraskthemhowtheyfeltwhentheyfoundouttheyweregoingtohaveyou.Listentothemactively.Thismayseemobvious,butitisoftenharderthanyouthink.Whenyouarecommunicatingwithyourparents,makesureyouarelistening.39.Ifyouareonyourcellphoneorlisteningtomusic,stopwhatyouaredoingwhentheyaretalkingtoyou.40.Thismaybedifficultconsideringyourpresentrelationshipwithyourparents,butdoyourbest.Youcanalsotalktothemaboutsomethingatschoolthatyouareexcitedorworriedabout.A．ShareyourfeelingswiththemB．Yourparentswon’talwaysbearoundC．AskyourparentsforhelpifnecessaryD．Ifyoucan’tgetonwellwithyourparentsE．YoucanaskthemtotellyouabouttheirownchildhoodF．ThiswillalsoshowyourparentsthatyouareinterestedinthemasfriendsG．Thismeansnotcuttinginonthem,andspeakingclearlywhenresponding【答案】36．D37．B38．E39．G40．A【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与父母融洽相处的方法。36．根据上文“Sometimesitseemsthatgettingalongwithyourparentsisimpossible.(有时候，与父母相处融洽似乎是不可能的。)”可知，上文介绍了与父母相处不融洽的现象，根据下文“takethefollowingstepstotrytounderstandthembetter.(采取以下步骤来更好地理解他们。)”可知，下文向我们介绍了如何与父母融洽相处，D项意为“如果你和父母相处得不好”，选项能够引起后文，如果你和父母相处得不好，采取以下步骤来更好地理解他们。故选D。37．根据下文“sospendtimewiththemwhileyouareableto.(所以，在你有能力的时候，花点时间和他们在一起。)”可知，本段内容建议我们花点时间和父母在一起，B项意为“你的父母不会一直在你身边”，选项与下文内容构成因果关系，正是因为你的父母不会一直在你身边，所以，在你有能力的时候，花点时间陪伴他们。故选B。38．根据下文“oraskthemhowtheyfeltwhentheyfoundouttheyweregoingtohaveyou.(或者问他们当他们发现他们将要拥有你时的感受。)”可知，这里介绍的是我们在和父母聊天的时候可以谈论哪些话题，E项意为“你可以让他们告诉你关于他们自己的童年”，选项与下文谈论的话题一致，当与父母聊天时，你可以让他们告诉你关于他们自己的童年或者问他们当他们发现他们将要拥有你时的感受。故选E。39．根据上文“Whenyouarecommunicatingwithyourparents,makesureyouarelistening.(当你与父母沟通时，确保你在倾听。)”可知，本段内容建议我们在和父母沟通时，要认真听父母说的话，G项意为“这意味着不要打断他们，在回应时要说清楚。”，选项能够承接上文，我们应该认真听父母说的话，如何做到认真听？那就是不要打断他们，在回应时要说清楚。故选G。40．根据下文“Youcanalsotalktothemaboutsomethingatschoolthatyouareexcitedorworriedabout.(你也可以和他们谈论一些你在学校里感到兴奋或担心的事情。)”可知，本段内容建议我们多和父母沟通我们的感受，A项意为“与他们分享你的感受”，选项能够概括段落内容，下文正是对如何与他们分享你的感受的举例。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenotherteenagershangoutwithfriendsinthesummervacations.Ericadoesn’tjoin.Instead,the16-year-oldseniorhighstudentis41infillingcakeordersandupdatingherwebsite.She42KaykeBakery,ahome-basedbusiness.Ericastartedbakingoutof43intheyear2021.Herfirstattemptwasa(n)44.Yetshemademorecakesthenextdayand45hertechniquesthroughteachingvideosonadailybasis.“Isawotherpeople’sdecoratedcakesandwas46tobeacakeartistinsteadofjustabaker,”Ericasaid.Afterdue47,sheaskedherparentsaboutsettingupherownbusiness.“Seeinghow48shewas,”Erica’smotherrecalled,“we49beginningtohelphercopewithallthelegalitiesforitsopening.”Soon,shehad50customersalwayscomingtoher