




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY
Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.
Source:IEA.
InternationalEnergyAgency
Website:www.iea.orq
TheIEAexamfnesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond.
IEAmembercountries:
ustraliaAustria
eigium
anada
zechRepublic
enmarkEstonia
Finland
rance
ermany
reece
ungaryIreland
taly
apan
orea
ithuania
uxembourg
exico
etherlands
NewZealand
NorwayPoland
Portuga!
SlovakRepublic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
RepubiicofTurkiye
UnitedKingdom
UnitedStates
TheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAassociationcountries:
ArgentinaBrazil
ChinaEgypt
India
Indonesia
Kenya
Morocco
Senegal
Singapore
outhAfrica
hailand
kraine
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Abstract
Abstract
NorthwestEuropeisattheforefrontoflow-emissionshydrogen1development.ThisregionaccountsforaroundhalfofEurope'stotalhydrogendemand:andithasvastanduntappedrenewableenergyandcarbonstoragepotentialintheNorthSea.Italsohasawell-developed,interconnectedgasnetworkwhichcouldbepartiallyrepurposedtofacilitatethetransmissionanddistributionoflow-emissionshydrogenfromproductionsitestodemandcentres.
Thedevelopmentoflow-emissionshydrogeninNorthwestEuropecouldgraduallyscaleupintheshort-tomedium-term.NorthwestEuropeancountriesnowhavetheambitiontodevelopupto30to40gigawatts(GW)ofelectrolysercapacityby2030.However,mostlow-emissionshydrogenprojectsarecurrentlyintheearlystagesofdevelopment.Theirsuccesswilldependtoalargeextentonsupportingpoliciesandregulatoryframeworks,withcontinuousmonitoringofprogress.Thecost-efficientdevelopmentoflow-emissionshydrogenmarketswillalsonecessitatearegionalapproachthatmaximisesexistingsynergiesamongnationalmarkets.
ThisisthesecondeditionoftheNorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor.Itprovidesanannualupdateoflow-emissionshydrogenmarketdevelopmentsinNorthwestEurope,andistheresultofcollaborationamongthecountriesinvolvedintheHydrogenInitiativeoftheCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM-H2I)workstreamentitled"RoundtableontheNorth-WestEuropeanRegion"andthehydrogenworkinggroupofthePentalateralForum.
ThecountriesanalysedinthisMonitorareAustria,Belgium,Denmark,France,Germany,Luxemburg,theNetheriands,Norway,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.Marketmonitoringisaccompaniedbyregulardialogueswithkeystakeholderstofacilitatetheexchangeofinformationanddatacollection.
1Whenthetermlow-emissionshydrogen"isused,theInternationalEnergyAgencyreferstohydrogenproducedviaelectrolysiswheretheelectricityisgeneratedfromalow-emissionsource(renewablesornuclear),biomassorfossilfuelswsthcarboncaptureusageandstorage(CCUS).
ThisdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialdefinitionsofthecountriesinvolvedintheMonitoronthecarbon'intensityorsustainabilityofhydrogenproductionmethods.
e|3
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor202
Tableofcontents
Tableofcontents
Executivesummary5
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation10
Subsidyschemesandsupportmechanisms28
Hydrogendemand43
Hydrogensupply53
Productioncastsandpncediscovery63
ydrogentrade69
nfrastructure78
Annex93
Page|4
iea
Adoptingandimplementingclearhydrogenstrategies,includingmedium-andlong-termtargets,isconsideredessentialtoprovidethe
NorthwestEufopea^HydrogenMonitor2024
Executivesummary
Low-emissionshydrogencanplayasignificantroleindecarbonisingexistinggasandenergysystemsandwillbecriticaltothecountries’effortstomeettheirenergyandclimatetargets.Inadditiontoitsenvironmentalbenefits,low-emissionshydrogencanhelpreducerelianceonfossilfuelimportsinthemedium-term,bolsteringenergysecurity.
NorthwestEuropeisattheforefrontoflow-emissionshydrogendevelopment.TheregionaccountsforaroundhalfofEurope’stotalhydrogendemand.IthasvastanduntappedrenewableenergypotentialintheNorthSeaandawell-developed,interconnectedgasnetworkwhichcouldbepartiallyrepurposedtofacilitatethetransmissionanddistributionofrenewableandlow-emissionshydrogenfromproductionsitestodemandcentres.
Low-emissionshydrogenisdefinedhereashydrogenproducedviaelectrolysiswheretheelectricityisgeneratedfromalow-emjssionssource(renewablesornuclear)Tbiomass,orfossilfuelswithcarboncapture,ut川sationandstorage(CCUS).AdetailedoverviewoftheterminologyisprovidedintheAnnex.
NorthwestEuropeancountriesareraisingtheirSow-emissionshydrogentargets
inceRussia’sinvasionofUkraine,severalNorthwestEuropeancountrieshavedoubledtheirhydrogenproductiontargets,andothersareconsideringincreases.Themajorityofthecountriesintheregionadoptedproductiontargetsforelectrolytichydrogen,whileNorwayoptedforatechnology-neutralapproach.Altogether,NorthwestEuropeancountriesnowhaveambitiontodevelopasmuchas30to40gigawatts(GW)ofelectrolysercapacityby2030.Nonetheless,recentmarketdevelopments,inflationandcostincreasesmightdrivecountriestorevisetheirtargets.Ingeneral,thefocushasbeenonupscalinghydrogenproductioninmanycountries,thoughtheattentionisalsorapidlyshiftingtostimulatingdemand.
heregulatoryframeworkforlow-emissionshydrogencontinuedtoshapeupin2023
Inadditiontostrongpolicysupport,regulatorycertaintyisessentialtounlocktheinvestmentnecessarytoscaleupalow-emissionshydrogenmarketandfacilitatecross-bordertrade.
NorthwestEuropeancountriesandtheEuropeanUnioncontinuedtoadvanceregulatoryframeworksforlow-emissionshydrogenin2023.ThedelegatedactsoutliningdetailedrulesontheEUdefinitionofrenewablehydrogenwereformaHypublishedinJune2023.IntheUnitedKingdom,theEnergyAct2023receivedRoyalAssentin
necessaryimpetusandguidanceforthedevelopmentofhydrogenmarkets.
Executivesummary
15
iea
orthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
ctober2023.Itcreatesanewcomprehensivelegislativeregimefortheenergysystem,withkeyprovisionsrelatedtohydrogenbusinessmodelsandtheregulationofhydrogenpipelines,aswellascarbondioxide(CO?)transportandstorage.Andattheendof2023,theEuropeanUnionreachedaformalagreementontheHydrogenandDecarbonisedGasMarketsPackage,layingthefoundationsforthefutureEuropeanlow-emissionshydrogenmarket.
NorthwestEuropeanhydrogenproductioncouldreach7Mtby2030...
BasedontheIEAsHvdroaenProductionProjectsDatabase,NorthwestEurope’sproductionoflow-emissionshydrogen(andderivatives)couldreachjustabove7milliontonnes(Mt)peryearby2030ifallplannedprojectsbecomecommerciallyoperational(andtakingintoaccountassumptionsonefficiencyandutilisationfactors).Thiswouldequatetoapproximately2%oftheregion'stotalprimaryenergydemand.Electrolytichydrogensupplywouldcontribute55%oftotallow-emissionshydrogenproduction,whilefossilfuel-basedhydrogenprojectsequippedwithCCUSwouldaccountfor45%.Basedonannouncedprojects,theUnitedKingdom,theNetherlands,DenmarkandGermanyareexpectedtoaccountforthree-quartersofNorthwestEurope'slow-emissionshydrogenproductionby2030....however,!essthan4%oflow-emissionshydrogenprojectsareinadvancedstageofdevelopment
supplyby2030havebeencommitted,meaningtheyareeitherinoperation,havereachedafinalinvestmentdecision(FID)orareunderconstruction.Morethan95%arecurrentlyundergoingfeasibilitystudiesorareintheconceptphase.
Incontrast,inNorthAmerica,14%ofpotentiallow-emissionshydrogensupplyby2030issupportedbyprojectswhichareeitheroperational,havereachedFID,orareunderconstruction.InChina,projectswhichareeitheroperationalorareinamaturephaseofdevelopment(FIDand/orunderconstruction)accountformorethanh^fofexpectedlow-emissionshydrogensupplyby2030.
Scalingupoflow-emissionshydrogenrequiresgreaterpolicyattentionondemandcreation
Creatingdemandforlow-emissionshydrogenisakeyinstrumenttostimulateinvestmentinlow-emissionshydrogensupplyincludingviaquotas,fuelstandardsandpublicprocurementrules.DemandsecurityisessentialfortheconclusionofJong-termofftakeagreements,whichinturncanhelptode-riskinvestmentandimprovetheeconomicfeasibilityoflow-emissionshydrogenprojects.
HydrogendemandinNorthwestEuropeancurrentlystandsataround4.5Mtperyear,makingupabout55%ofOECDEurope’stotaldemandandnearly5%oftotalglobaldemandforhydrogen.Inlinewiththeoverallglobaltrend,virtuallyallhydrogenconsumptioninNorthwestEuropeisconcentratedintherefiningandchemicalssubsectors.
Executivesummary
AccordingtothelEA’sHydrogenProductionProjectsDatabase,lessthan4%oftheprojectsthatcouldprovidelow-emissionshydrogen
|6
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Executivesummary
IntheEuropeanUnion,therevisedEURenewableEnergyDirective(REDill)setslegallybindingtargetsforrenewablehydrogenuseinindustryandtransportby2030.TheimpliedrenewablehydrogendemandinNorthwestEuropeunderREDIIIwouldbeapproximately1.6Mtby2030,risingto2.3Mtby2035,Thisiswellbelowannouncedlow-emissionshydrogenambitionsfromNorthwestEuropeancountries.Combinedwiththeabsenceofeconomicincentivestobridgethecostgapbetweenrenewableandfossilfuelhydrogen,thishelpsexplainthedifficultymanyprojectsdeveloperscurrentlyfaceinsecuringofftakecontracts.
Steepcostreductionsareneededtomakerenewableelectrolytichydrogencompetitivewithunabatedgas-basedhydrogen
Initialpricediscoverysuggeststhatrenewablehydrogenpricesstoodalmostthreetimesoftheassessedlevelisedcostofhydrogen(LCOH)fromunabatedgasin2023.Thishighlightstheneedtoimprovethecost-competitivenessoflow-emissionsandrenewablehydrogen.UnderthelEA’sAnnouncedPledgesScenario(APS),whichassumescountriesimplementnationaltargetsinfullandontime,thedeclineinrenewableelectrolytichydrogenproductioncosts,togetherwithacarbonprtceofoverUSD135pertonneofCO2-equivalent,couldensurethatthelevelisedcostofhydrogenfromrenewableelectrolysisiscomparablewiththeLCOHfromunabatedgasintheregion-andincertaincases,itwou^dbelower.
upportmeasuresshouldtakeaholisticapproachandspantheentirevaluechain
herelativelylowshareofcommittedprojectshighlightstheneedforaholisticapproachtosupportthenascentlow-emissionshydrogensector.Scalingitupwillrequireaneffective:interlockingframeworkofsubsidyschemesandsupportmechanismsalongtheentirevaluechain-includingresearchanddevelopment,production,transportationand,inparticular,demandcreation.
Publicfundingprogrammesandstate-backedrisk-sharingmechanisms(suchascontractsfordifference)canhelptode-riskinvestmentandimprovetheeconomicfeasibilityoflow-emissionshydrogenprojects.Demandcreationshouldbeakeyinstrumenttostimulateinvestment,includingviaquotasandpublicprocurementrules.TheEuropeanUnionhaslaunchedtheHydrogenBank,akeyfinancialinstrumentwhichaimstode-riskinvestmentinrenewablehydrogenprojects.UndertheauctionscarriedoutthroughtheHydrogenBank,renewablehydrogenproducersbidforafixedpremiumtobridgethegapbetweentheirproductioncostsandthepriceconsumersarecurrentlywillingtopay.ThefirstauctionroundrtotallingEUR800miihon,attracted132projectbidsandaccountedfor85GWofelectrolysercapacity,thoughonlyasmallfractionofthemwerefundedinthefirstround.
TheHydrogenMonitorprovidesadetailedoverviewofthevarioussubsidyschemesandsupportmechanismsavailablebothattheleveloftheEuropeanUnionandatnationallevelinNorthwestEuropeancountries.
|7
iea
NorthwestEufopea^HydrogenMonitor2024
NorthwestEuropeisplayingakeyroleindevelopinginternationaltradeinlow-emissionshydrogen
Basedonannouncedprojectsthataimtotradehydrogenorhydrogen-basedfuels,16Mtofhydrogenequivalent(FL-eq)couldbemovedaroundtheglobeby2030,However,three-quartersofexport-orientedprojectsareinearlystagesofdevelopment.Lessthanone-thirdintermsofvolumeby2030haveidentifiedapotentialofftaker.CountriesintheNorthwestEuropeanregionaccountforthree-quartersofglobalimportvolumeby2030forwhichafinaldestinationhasbeenidentified.
Instrumentssuchasauctionscanbeusedtocreateabiddingcompetitionforcontractsandhelpclosethegapbetweenproductioncostsandthepricesconsumersarewillingtopay.Forexample,Germany'sH2Globalauction-basedmechanismwillfacilitatetheconclusionoflong-termimportcontractsforlow-emissionshydrogenandhydrogenderivatives.Thescale-upofinternationaltradeinhydrogenandhydrogenderivativeswillalsorequirebuildinguptransportinfrastructure,includingports.NorthwestEuropehosts13ammonia-handlingfacilitiesand16facilitiesthathandlemethanol,mainlyconcentratedinGermany,FranceandtheNetherlands.
NorthwestEurope'shydrogennetworkcouldincreasetenfoldbyearly2030s,thoughfirminvestmentcommitmentsarelacking
fortransportandstorage.Basedonpipelineprojectannouncements,thelengthoftheregion'shydrogennetworkcouldincreasetenfoldtoover18000kilometres(km)byearly2030.However,themajorityofannouncedprojectslackfirminvestmentcommitments,whichalsoreflectscurrentuncertaintyindemand.Closetotwo-thirdsofthehydrogenpipelinesthatcouldbeoperationalby2030wouldberepurposednaturalgaspipelines.Repurposingexistingnaturalgaspipelinestoservehydrogencanresultinsubstantialcostsavingsandshorterleadtimeswhencomparedwithnew-buildhydrogennetworks.This,inturn,couldtranslateintolowertransmissiontariffsandimprovethecost-competitivenessoflow-emissionshydrogen.Undergroundstorageisessentialtounleashtheftdlpotentialoflow-emissionshydrogenasanenergycarrier
Developingundergroundstoragecapacityforhydrogenwi"becrucialforittoreachitsfullpotentialasanenergycarrierandrespondtotheevolvingflexibilityrequirementsofamorecomplexenergysystem.Basedonthe垄EAsHydrogenInfrastructureProjectsDatabase,NorthwestEuropecoulddevelopover3terawatt-hours(TWh)ofhydrogenstoragecapacityby2030.However:just10%oftheexpectedcapacityby2030hasreachedFIDand/orisunderconstruction.Consideringtherelativelylongleadtimesofnew-buildhydrogenpipelinesandhydrogenstorageprojects,concentratedandimmediateactionbyallstakeholderswouldberequiredtomeetthetargetssetfor2030.
Executivesummary
Achievingambitioustargetsforlow-emissionshydrogendeploymentwillrequireacceleratingthedevelopmentofhydrogeninfrastructure
|8
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Executivesummary
Lessthan4%ofprojectsunderpinningtheexpectedlow-emissionshydrogenproductionby2030havealreadyreachedafinalinvestmentdecisionorareunderconstruction
Potentiallow-emissionshydrogenproductioninNorthwestEuropein2030bystatus
Operational/demonstration
Page19
Source:IEA(2024),FvdrogenProjectsDatabase.
IEA.CCBY4.0.
iea
ab.-a3MSI
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor202J
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
10
iea
兑.Jm33-sl
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
NorthwestEuropeancountriesstrengthenedtheirhydrogenpoliciesandregulationsin2023
trongpolicysupportandaclearregulatoryframeworkareessentialforthedevelopmentofhydrogenmarkets.:npolicyterms,hydrogenstrategiesarecrucialtosetouttheroleoflow-emissionshydrogeninthebroaderenergysystemandsettingmedium-andlong-termtargets.Andbesidesstrongpolicysupport,regulatorycertaintyisessentialtounlocktheinvestmentnecessarytoscaleupalow-emissionshydrogenmarketandfacilitatecross-bordertrade.
heEuropeanUnion’sHvdroaenStrategy,publishedinJuly2020,setsoutavisiontocreateaEuropeanhydrogenecosystemandscaleupproductionandinfrastructuretoaninternationaldimension.Itsetsatargetfor40GWofrenewablehydrogenelectrolysercapacityby2030.InNorthwestEurope,ofthetencountriesincludedintheMonitor,sixhavealreadyadoptedspecificproductiontargetsby2030.Altogether,NorthwestEuropeancountriesforeseeelectrolysercapacitydeploymentofbetween30GWand40GWby2030.
SinceRussia’sinvasionofUkraine,theEuropeanUnionhasraiseditstargetforhydrogenproductionfrom5.6Mtto10Mtby2030,complementedby10Mtofimports.Similarly,severalNorthwestEuropeancountrieshavedoubled,orareconsideringincreasing,theirproductiontargets.TheyincludeGermany,whichdoubleditselectrolysercapacitytargetfrom5GWtoatleast10GWby2030.TheNetherlandsisaimingfor3-4GWofinstalledelectrolysercapacityby2030,whiletheDutchparliamentrecentlycalleduponthe
governmenttosetatargetof8GWinstalledcapacityby2032.InApril2022theUnitedKingdomdoubleditsambitionforlow-carbonhydrogenproductioncapacityfrom5GWtoupto10GWby2030.InitsHydrogenProductionDeliveryRoadmap,publishedinDecember2023,theUnitedKingdomsettargetsfor6GWofelectrolyticand4GWofCCUS-enabledhydrogenby2030.
NorthwestEuropeancountrtesandtheEuropeanUnioncontmuedtoadvancetheregulatoryframeworkforlow-emissionshydrogenin2023.ThedelegatedactsoutliningdetailedrulesontheEUdefinitionofrenewablehydrogenwereformallypublishedintheEUOfficialJournalinJune2023.BelgiumadopteditsHydrogenActinJuly2023,establishingaregulatoryframeworkforthetransportofhydrogenviapipeline.Attheendof2023theEuropeanUnionreachedaformalagreementontheHydrogenandDecarbonisedGasMarketsPackage,whichlaysthefoundationsforthefutureEuropeanlow-emissionshydrogenmarket.IntheUnitedKingdom,theEnergyAct2023createsanewcomprehensivelegislativeregtmefortheenergysystem,withkeyprovisionsrelatedtohydrogenbusinessmodelsandtheregulationofhydrogenpipelines,aswellasCO2transportandstorage.
Thefollowingsectionprovidesanoverviewofthekeyhydrogenpolxies,productiontargetsandregulationsadoptedbytheEuropeanUnionandNorthwestEuropeancountriescoveredinthisMonitor.
Page|11
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor202J
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
Europe’sregulatoryframeworkforlow-emissionshydrogenisshapingup
KeyhydrogenpoliciesandregulationsenactedintheEuropeanUnionandNorthwestEuropesinceNovember2022
October2023EUrevised
RenewableEnergyDirective
>
November2022
HydrogenRoadmapfortheMethedandspublished
June2023
BelgiumadopteditsHydrogenAct
/
July2023
erman/sNational
ydrogen
StrategyUpdate
—
A
December2023
UKHydrogenProductionDeliveryRoadmapandHydrogentransportandstoragenetworkspathway> ♦—x
J
June2023EUdelegatedactsdenningrenewablehydrogen
July2023
Denmarklaunchesguaranteeoforiginsforhydrogen
J
October2023JKEnergyActreceivedRoyalAssent
(
December2023EUHydrogenandDecarbonisedGas
MarketPackage
< )
December2023
FrancelaunchesconsultationonnewHydrogenStrategy y
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Sources:IEAanalysisbasedonvariouspolicydocuments(hydrogenstrategies,roadmapsandpapers).
Page|12
iea
a3USI
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
Ellregulationpavesthewayforanopenandcompetitivelow-emissionshydrogenmarket
TheEuropeanUnionhascontinuedtoadvancetheregulatoryframeworknecessaryforthescale-upofalow-emissionshydrogenmarket.Thisincludedthepublicationofdetailedrulesonthedefinitionofrenewablehydrogenandestablishingaregulatoryframeworkunderpinningtheoperationoffuturehydrogennetworks.Delegatedactsonthedefinitionofrenewablehydrogen
AsforeseenunderArticles27(3)and28(5)oftheRenewableEnefqyDirective,inJune2023theEuropeanCommissionformallypublishedtwodelegatedactsoutliningdetailedrulesontheEUdefinitionofrenewablehydrogen:
Thefirstactdefinestheconditionsunde『whichhydrogen,hydrogen-basedfuelsandotherenergycarrierscanbeconsideredasrenewablefuelsofnon-biologicalorigin(RFNBOs).
Thesecondactprovidesamethodologyforcalculatinglife¬cyclegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsforRFNBOstoensurea70%reductioninCCh-equivalentcomparedtothenearestcomparablefuel.
Thedelegatedactsprovideregulatorycertaintybothtosuppliersandconsumersonthedefinitionofrenewablehydrogen,whichisexpectedtohelpchannelEUfundstowardsrenewablehydrogenprojectsaswellasguidetheapprovalofnationalstateaidschemes.
Certainindustrialplayershaveraisedconcernsonthecomplexityofthedelegatedacts,claimingthatitcouldputatriskcertainprojectsunderdevelopment.Thenewrulesapplytobothdomesiichydrogenproducersandimports.
Threemaincriteriadefinewhatcanbeconsideredasrenewablehydrogen:
Additionality:Startingfrom1January2028,renewablehydrogenproducerswillberequiredtoensurethatelectricityfedintotheirelectrolysersissourcedfromrenewableenergyinstallationsnoo^derthanthreeyears.Projectdevelopersareexemptedfromadditionalityuntil2038iftheirhydrogeninstallationiscommissionedbefore2028.
Temporalcorrelation:Hydrogenproductionhastobematchedtorenewableelectricityproductiononamonthlybasisupuntilthestartof2030,whenitwillhavetobematchedwithinthesameone-hourperiod.
«Geographicalcorrelation:Therenewableenergyassetsthatfeedtheelectrolysersproducinghydrogenhavetobelocatedeither:(1)inthesamebiddingzoneastheelectrolyser;(2)inaninterconnectedbiddingzone,providedthatelectricitypricesintherelevanttimeperiodontheday-aheadmarketinsuchinterconnectedbiddingzoneareequaltoorhigherthaninthebiddingzonewherethehydrogenis
Page|13
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
produced;or(3)inanoffshorebiddingzoneinterconnectedwiththeelectrolyser'sbiddingzone.
Whenelectricityissourcedfromthegrid,hydrogenproducersmaycountelectricitytakenfromthegridasfullyrenewableinthefollowingcases:
IftheirinstaTlationsarelocatedinabiddingzonewheretheaverageproportionofrenewabieelectricityexceeded90%inthepreviouscalendaryearandtheproductionofRFNBOsdoesnotexceedamaximumnumberofhourssetinrelationtotheproportionofrenewableelectricityinthebiddingzone.
Iftheinstallationproducingtherenewableliquidandgaseoustransportfuelofnon-biologicaloriginislocatedinabiddingzonewheretheemissionsintensityoftheelectricityislowerthan18gCO2-eq/MJandthefollowingcriteriaaremet:(1)powerpurchaseagreementswithrenewableelectricityproducersareconcludedforanamountthatisatleastequivalenttotheamountofelectricitythatisclaimedasfullyrenewable;(2)theconditionsofgeographicalandtemporalcorrelationaremet.
Iftheelectricityusedtoproducerenewablehydrogenisconsumedduringanimbalancesettlementperiodduringwhichthehydrogenproducercandemonstrate,that:(1)power-generatinginstallationsusingrenewableenergysourceswereredispatcheddownwards;and(2)theelectricityconsumedfortheproductionofhydrogenreducedtheneedforredispatchingbyacorrespondingamount.
•Iftheelectricityissourcedbymeetingtheconditionsonadditionality、temporalcorrelationandgeographiccorrelation.TheRenewableEnergyDirectiveIIIsetshydrogenusetargets
TherevisedEURenewableEnergyDirective(publishedinOctober2023)setslegallybindingtargetsforrenewablehydrogenuseinindustryandtransportby2030.AdetailedoverviewofthedirectiveisprovidedundertheDemandsectionoftheMonitor.
ydrogenandDecarbonisedGasMarketPackage
nDecember2021theEuropeanCommissionproposedahydrogenanddecarbonisedqasmarketpackagetoestablishcommonmarketrulesforrenewableandnaturalgasesaswellashydrogen.ThisincludesthereviewandrevisionofGasDirective2009/73/ECandGasRegulation(EC)No.715/2009.TheCouncilandtheEuropeanParliamentreachedaprovisionalagreementontheproposalinDecember2023,whichisexpectedtobeformallyadoptedin2024.TheGasDirectivedefines“low-carbonhydrogen"ashydrogenderivedfromnon-renewablesources,whichmeetstheGHGemissionreductionthresholdof70%comparedtothefossilfuelcomparatorforRFNBOs.TheCommissionistoadoptdelegatedactstospecifythemethodologyforassessingGHGemissionssavingsfromlow-carbonhydrogen".
InlinewiththecurrentEUnaturalgasregulation,thenewregulatoryframeworksetsguidelinesforthegradualimplementationofnon-discriminatorythird-partyaccesstofuturehydrogennetworks,
iu
iea
NorthwestEuropeanHydrogenMonitor2024
Hydrogenpoliciesandregulation
blendinglimits,unbundling,tariffs,networkcodesandoperationaltransparency.Thekeyprovisionsrelatedtohydrogeninclude:
Unbundling:Theoperationofhydrogennetworksshouldbeseparatedfromactivitiesofenergyproductionandsupplyinordertoavoidtheriskofconflictsof时erestonbehalfofthenetworkoperators.Hydrogentransmissionnetworkoperatorsshouldbeunbundledtwoyearsaftertheentryintoforceofthedirective.Besidesownershipunbundling,theindependenttransmissionsystemoperator(ITO)model,whi
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025年数字电路的功能测试项目发展计划
- 正心立德 劳动树人 -小学“新劳动教育”的实践
- 2025年吉林省工业和信息化厅下属事业单位招聘考试笔试试题【答案】
- 2025年务川自治县“特岗计划”招聘 考试笔试试题【答案】
- 2025年南宁市第十三中学招聘高中顶岗教师考试试题【答案】
- 消防员个人工作总结5篇
- 2025年减震系统材料合作协议书
- 2025年低功率气动阀岛用控制阀合作协议书
- 教育新星的成长路径从校园到职场
- 中职数学说课课件教学
- 安保工作月度总结
- 开业美容项目活动方案
- 2025年技术玻璃制品行业市场调研报告
- 2025至2030高纯氯化钾行业产业运行态势及投资规划深度研究报告
- 2025年吉林省中考数学试卷真题(含答案详解)
- 2025年中国自由锻件行业发展运行现状及投资潜力预测报告
- 医学美容技术专业教学标准(高等职业教育专科)2025修订
- QGDW11970.7-2023输变电工程水土保持技术规程第7部分水土保持设施质量检验及评定
- 变电站创优工程汇报
- 党课课件含讲稿:以作风建设新成效激发干事创业新作为
- DB62T 4134-2020 高速公路服务区设计规范
评论
0/150
提交评论