高考英语一轮复习 专题限时集训4 阅读理解-推理判断之推测隐含信息（含解析）-人教版高三英语试题

专题限时集训(四)阅读理解—推理判断之推测隐含信息A(2019·昆明市诊断测试)Theworldcanbeascaryplacewhenyou'reyoung.Itcanbeevenscarierwhenyou'reayounglittlebluepenguin(企鹅)，thetiniestofthepenguinspecies.Luckily，therearesomehumanswillingtohelp.TheysteppedintoprotectBilly，abluepenguinthatappearedonabeachinChristchurch，NewZealand.SpottedonNovember29attheslipwayatMoncksBay,nearSumner，inChristchurch，thelittlepenguinimmediatelyattractedasmallcrowd.JeffMeinSmithsawthecrowdwhilehewasbicyclingthatafternoon，andhebikedhometogethiscamera.Whenhereturnedtothescene，hefoundthatthepenguinhadreceivedalittlesign，onethatread“Hi，I'mwaitingformymumtocomeback.DOC(DepartmentofConservation)knowsI'mhere.Pleaseleavemealone.Keepyourdogaway.Thanks，Billythebabybluepenguin.”Billydidn'tmoveawayfromthesign.TheDOCarrivedlaterthatafternoontopickupBilly，thoughtheyweresurprisedtoseeitonthebeach.“It'sunusualforabluepenguintobeoutintheopenonthebeachduringtheday，”AnitaSpencer，aDOCseniorranger，toldStuff.BillywastakentotheChristchurchPenguinRehabilitationCenterafterbeingretrievedfromthebeach.Volunteersbelievethebirdmayactuallybeafemalepenguin，andisaround2monthsold.Thechickweighsamere550grams，lessthanastandardbasketball.Abluepenguinshouldweigharound900gramsatthisage.Mostlittlepenguinsgrowuptoweigh1kilogram.Thecenterwillhelpthelittlepenguingainsomeweightbyfeedingitfishjuice，beforeit'ssetfreeintotheocean.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。1．Whycantheworldbefrighteningtoayoungpenguin?A．Itisararespecies.B．Itfacespotentialdanger.C．Itissurroundedbythecrowd.D．Itisthreatenedbydogs.B[考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容，尤其是Pleaseleavemealone.Keepyourdogaway可知，当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖立了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它，不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知，对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲，这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。]2．ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatBilly．A．isafemalepenguinB．hasexpresseditsthanksC．weighslessforitsageD．preferslivingonthebeachC[考查推理判断。根据第四段中第三、四句可知，这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克，而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知，这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。]3．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“retrieved”inParagraph4?A．Ignored. B．Cured.C．Givenaway. D．Broughtback.D[考查词义猜测。根据第四段第一句可知，这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知，画线词与broughtback“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。]4．WhatwillhappentoBillyinthecenter?A．ItwillbereportedtoStuff.B．Itwillbevisitedbythelocals.C．Itwillbetakengoodcareof.D．Itwillbefedwithfruitjuice.C[考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前，康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知，在这个企鹅康复中心，这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。]B(2019·安徽省五校联盟质检)Whileanentiremonthfreeofhomeworkortestsmaysoundtoogoodtobetrue，thatisexactlywhatthestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolinBoden，SwedenweretreatedtoinApril.What'smore，iftheresultsoftheexperimentproveencouraging，starting2019，themiddleschoolerswillneverhavetoworryaboutafter­schoolworkortests，asidefromthenationalexaminations，whicharecompulsiveforstudentsacrossthecountry.Theschool'sprincipal，PetronellaSirkka，whocameupwiththeidea，said，“Weareconstantlyreceivingnewreportsthatourchildrenfeelbad.Andthat'sbecausetheyhaveahighlevelofstressallthetime.Thisisourwayoftryingtoreducethatstress.”Theeducatorsaysthatwhilebanninghomeworkandtestssoundsradical(激进的),itmakessensegiventhechangesinthecurriculumandapproachestoeducation.Whileinthepaststudentswereprimarilysubjectedtomemorizingfacts，learningtodayisallaboutreflectionandanalysis.Asaresult，itisoftenharderforkids,especiallythosewithlittlesupportathome,tocomprehendthematerialbythemselves.Sirkkaisnottheonlyonewhobelievesafter­schoolworkdoesnothelpstudentslearn.InMarch2018，anotherprincipalinCanadaalsodecidedtodoawaywithhomework.Theyhopeparentswillspendtheextratimereadingtotheirkids.Whilethelong­termimpactoftherecentdecisionsmadebythetwoeducatorsremainstobeseen，theexperimenthasalreadyprovedsuccessfulinFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomework，grades，andeventeachingbysubjectsformanyyears.Yet，FinnishstudentsalwaysrankhighinthePISA(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment)testsespeciallyinmathandsciencebuttheyhavetheleasthomework！Hopefully，itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforeUSeducatorsfollowtheirleadandbanafter­schoolworkaswell!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长PetronellaSirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。5．ThestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolhadnohomeworkinAprilbecause．A．theheadmasterwasexperimentingwithherideaB．theyneededtodosomeexperimentsduringthemonthC．theywerebusypreparingforthenationalexaminationsD．theheadmasterhadtocarryoutthegovernment'spolicyA[考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的Theschool'sprincipal,PetronellaSirkka,whocameupwiththeidea，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。]6．Whatmakeschildren'slearninghardnowadays?A．Childrenhavetodomoreanalyzing.B．Theapproachtoeducationiscomplex.C．Childrengetnosupportathomeandschool.D．Therearemanymorefactstomemorize.A[考查细节理解。根据第三段第二、三句可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。]7．WhatdoesPetronellaSirkkamostlikelyadviseparentstodo?A．Helpchildrenwiththeirhomework.B．Freechildrenfromafter­schoolhousework.C．Spendmoretimereadingtotheirchildren.D．Communicatewithteachersfromtimetotime.C[考查推理判断。根据第四段尾句可推知，PetronellaSirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。]8．WhatcanweinferaboutthestudentsinFinland?A．Theystudythehardestatschool.B．Theyhaveamorerelaxingschoollife.C．Theyenjoygreatsuccessaftergraduation.D．Theyallhaveatalentformathandscience.B[考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句中的主句可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。]C(2019·湖南省六校联考)Notonlydoestheuseofplasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet，italsoincreasespollutionandwastesenergyandwater.Only23%ofallplasticinAmericaendsupinarecyclingbin,meaningover$1billionworthofplasticistreatedasrubbishayear.Recently,SkippingRocksLabhasinventedakindofwaterbottlecalledOoho.Itisaconvenient，clearwaterbottlethatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit，youcaneitherpeeloffthemembrane(薄膜)ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplyputthewholebottleinyourmouth.OneproblemthescientistshaverunintoishowtoshiplotsofOohobubbleswithoutarrivingwithaverywettruck.However,theyhaveattemptedtopackageunitsofindividualbubblestogetherinsidealargerandthickermembrane.Itistargetinglargeoutdooreventssuchasmarathons，musicfestivals，andsportingevents，wheretonsofplasticbottlesareused，andfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.Andtoomuchplasticissuretodoharmtotheenvironment，whichcouldaccountfortheirpurposeofsuchanewinvention.TheteamhasbeenworkingforthepasttwoyearstodevelopthetechnologyandmaterialsneededtoproduceOoho；theyhaverecentlyappliedforapatentfortheirnewadvancement.Thepriceforanindividualbubbleoraunitofbubbleshasnotbeensetyet，buttheycostabouttwocentstocreateaunit，whichischeaperthanplasticbottles.IthasappearedateventsinLondon，SanFrancisco，Boston，atconferences，festivals，andsoon.Oohoiscatchingmanypeople'sattentionandhasraisedover$1millionandgained1，000investorsinonlythreedays.Itismostlybeingsoldateventsatthemomenttokeeptheconsumer'sinterestwhentheproductionmachineisrunning.Itisquicklymakingarise，sokeepaneyeoutthisyearforthesebottlesofthefuture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于塑料瓶的使用不但浪费金钱，还造成环境污染，SkippingRocksLab发明了一种可以食用的包装材料Ooho。本文介绍了Ooho的食用方法，运输方法以及制作成本，并展望了其市场前景。9．HowismostplasticdealtwithinAmerica?A．It'ssold. B．It'srecycled.C．It'sburied. D．It'swasted.D[考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国只有23%的塑料最终回到回收站，这意味着价值超过10亿美元的塑料被视为垃圾。据此可知，在美国，大部分塑料被当成垃圾处理了，故D项正确。]10．Whydidtheteaminvent