高考英语精准备考一轮讲义必修四Module4GreatScientists

[一积词汇见多识广][课内单词回扣](一)阅读词汇写其义1．nicknamen．绰号 2．speciesn．(动物或植物的)种3．exportvt.出口 4．brilliantadj.聪颖的；才华横溢的5．careern.生涯；经历 6．relativityn.相对论(二)表达词汇写其形1．publishvt.出版 2．breakthroughn.突破3．supportvt.支持 4．replacevt.取代；以……代替5．victimn.受害者 6．escapevi.逃跑；逃避7．straightadj.直的 8．clearvi.(烟雾)消散9．quantityn.数量 10．qualityn.质量(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.producern．生产者；制造商→producevt.&vi.生产→productionn．产量；生产→productn．产品*2.educatevt.教育→educationn．教育→educatorn．教育工作者3.agriculturen．农业→agriculturaladj.农业的*4.originaladj.原来的；最初的→originn．起源→originatevi.起源5.exportvt.出口→(反义词)importvt.进口*6.graduatevi.毕业n．毕业生→graduationn．毕业7.personaladj.个人的→personallyadv.就个人来说→personalityn．个性；人格*8.briefadj.简短的；简洁的→brieflyadv.简短地；简洁地9.physicaladj.身体的→physicallyadv.身体上；身体上地10.explodevi.爆炸→explosionn．爆炸；爆炸声用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1．ThiswordoriginatedfromaLatinwordandtheoriginalmeaningisquitedifferentfromwhatitistoday.(original)2．Thoughsheexplainedthetopicbriefly,_westilllearnedalotfromherbriefwords.(brief)3．Aftergraduation,_heisoneofthegraduateswhohavegraduatedthisyearandarelookingforajob.(graduate)4．Thisfactoryproducesputers.Itsproducerisveryoptimisticabouttheproductionandsale.(produce)5．Thegovernmentisattachingmoreimportancetoeducatingtheyoungergeneration.Inasense,itisthedutyofeveryeducatortodowhattheycanforthecauseofeducationofChina.(educate)[话题单词积累]1．character/'kærIktə/n．品质，性格2．outgoing/'aʊtɡəʊIŋ/adj.爱交际的；外向的3．independent/ˌIndI'pendənt/adj.独立的4．courage/'kʌrIdʒ/n.勇气；胆量5．reliable/rI'laIəb(ə)l/adj.可信赖的；可依靠的6．determined/dI'tɜːmInd/adj.坚定的7．diligent/'dIlIdʒ(ə)nt/adj.勤奋的8．measure/'meʒə/v.测量9．observe/əb'zɜːv/v.观察；监视；观测10．explore/Ik'splɔː/v.探测；勘探11．solve/sɒlv/vt.解决；解答12．simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt.使简化；使简易13．equip/I'kwIp/vt.提供设备；装备；配备14．create/kriː'eIt/vt.创造；造成15．invent/In'vent/vt.发明；创造16．inspire/In'spaIə/vt.鼓舞；激励17．research/rI'sɜːtʃ/n.研究；调查18．curious/'kjʊərIəs/adj.好奇的；奇异的19．accurate/'ækjʊrət/adj.精确的20．personality/pɜːsə'nælItI/n.性格；个性21．quality/'kwɒlItI/n.质量；品质22．thoughtful/'θɔːtfʊl/adj.考虑周到的23．intelligence/In'telIdʒəns/n.智力；才智；智慧24．attitude/'ætItjuːd/n.态度；看法25．patient/'peIʃ(ə)nt/adj.耐心的26．confident/'kɒnfIdənt/adj.自信的27．optimistic/ˌɒptI'mIstIk/adj.乐观的28．reasonable/'riːz(ə)nəb(ə)l/adj.合乎情理的29．flexible/'fleksIb(ə)l/adj.灵活的；可变通的[二积短语顿挫抑扬][课内短语回扣](一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.bring_up培养；养育*2.bring_in引进；赚得3.as_a_result_of由于……的结果*4.carry_out实施；履行*5.earn_one's_living谋生6e_to/into_power掌权7.convert_..._into_...把……转化为……8._attach_to把……系在……上；附上；连接*9.the/a_key_to_(doing)_sth.(做)某事的关键10.experiment_with对……进行实验11.be_known_for因……而出名/闻名12.be_diagnosed_with被诊断出(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1．Asoneof8kidsofaBrazilianfamily,brought_upinAmerica'scrowdedapartment,I'dspentseveralyearssearchingforaloneness.2．Hisconfidentwordshaveclearedupourdoubtsabouthowtheplanwillbecarried_out.3．Thesaleofthepany'snewproductisgood.Ithasbrought_intwomilliondollarssofar.4．Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,the_key_toeasymorningwake­upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)5．Someuneducatedandunskilledpeopleearn_their_livingbydoingmanuallabor(体力活)．[话题短语积累]1．beindependentof独立于2．beactivein某方面很积极3．haveatalent/giftfor有……才能4．beskilledin在……方面熟练5．bequalifiedfor适合；胜任6．beresponsiblefor对……负责7．togetherwith和……一起8．devoteoneselfto致力于；专注于9．furthereducation进修；继续教育10．beknownas作为……而出名11．layasolidfoundationfor为……打下坚实的基础12．graduatefrom毕业于13．bedisappointedatsb.对某人失望14．showloveandconcernforsb.爱护和关心某人15．beconfidentofsth./insb.对某事/某人有信心[三积句式写作扮靓][课内句式仿写]1．Itis/was＋过去分词＋that...[例句]InStephenHawking'scaseitwasdiscoveredthathewasabrilliantscientist.[仿写]据说身体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。(2015·福建高考单选)It_is_said_thatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.2．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语[例句]Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.[仿写]很抱歉让你等了三个小时。Iamsorryforhavingkept_you_waitingforthreehours.3．现在分词短语作结果状语[例句]Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,beingtheworld'sfirstastronaut?[仿写]亨利·克雷·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。HenryClayFrick,arichNewYorker,diedin1919,leaving_his_house,_furniture_and_artcollection_to_the_American_people.[话题佳句背诵]1．Heisalwaysweledbecausehedresseswellandbehavesgracefully,consideratelyandpolitely,givingothersagoodimpression.他穿戴得体并且举止文雅、礼貌周到，能给别人留下好的印象，所以他总是受欢迎。2．Shewasquiteoptimisticandenergetic,whichbroughtmealotofhappinessandcourage.Ilearnedsomethingpreciousfromher—beliefinlife.她非常乐观且有活力，这给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。我从她身上学到了一些宝贵的东西——要对生活有信心。3．TuYouyou,agreatChinesewomanscientist,devotesherselftoscientificresearchandmakesgreatcontributionsinthefieldofmedicine.屠呦呦，中国一位伟大的女科学家，致力于科学研究并在医学领域做出了巨大贡献。[四背语段语感流畅]QianXuesenwasborninDecember1911,Shanghai.AftergraduatingfromShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,hewenttoAmericaforfurthereducationinMIT,whichlaidasolidfoundationforhislatercareer.ThemomenthereturnedtoChinain1955,hedevotedhimselftotheresearchintodevelopingrockets.Withgreatefforts,hemadebreakthroughtogetherwithothertopscientistsinthisfieldyearslater.KnownasthefatherofChina'sspaceprogram,QianXuesenwasoneofthemostbrilliantscientistsinChina.钱学森1911年12月出生于上海。从上海交通大学毕业后，他去美国麻省理工大学深造，这为他后来的职业生涯打下了坚实的基础。1955年他一回国，就致力于火箭研制的研究中。通过不懈努力，多年后他和其他顶级科学家一起在这个领域取得了突破。钱学森作为“中国航天之父”而著名，他是中国最杰出的科学家之一。[第一板块重点词汇突破][师生共研词汇]1．supportvt.&n．支持；拥护；支撑；供养[教材原句]Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.这项研究得到了政府的支持。(1)supportsb.insth. 在某方面支持某人supporta(one's)family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生(2)etoone'ssupport 来支持某人withone'ssupport 在某人的支持下insupportof 支持；拥护①He'slookingforanewjob,onewherehecangetmoremoneytosupport_his_family.他正在寻找一份新工作，一份能赚到更多钱以养家糊口的工作。②Ascientistmustproduceevidencein_support_ofhistheory.科学家必须提出证据以支持其理论。③Wesupportthepolicemenwholeheartedlyintheirworkagainstcrime.我们全力支持警察反抗犯罪的工作。2．quantityn．数量；量；大量[经典例句]Thedataislimitedintermsofbothqualityandquantity.这份资料在质量和数量上都很有限。alarge(good)/smallquantityof 大/少量的largequantitiesof 大量的；许多的inquantity 大量地inquantityandquality 在数量和质量上①Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdeserthas_covered(cover)theland.由于破坏森林，大量的沙漠已经覆盖了土地。②Wecanofferyouabetterpriceifyoucanbuyitinquantity.如果你能大量地购买，我们能给你一个更好的价格。③Yourworkhasimprovedin_quantity_and_qualitythisterm.本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都已经提高了。[名师指津]aquantityof/largequantitiesof后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词的复数形式；但当它作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据quantity的单复数形式而定。3．escapev．&n．逃跑，逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘[教材原句]TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.中国人发现从管子里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。[一词多义]写出下列句中escape的含义①Seeingthepoisonousgasescapingfromthebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.漏出②Thetwoofficerswereextremelyluckytoescapeseriousinjury.避开③ObviouslyIhadmethimbefore,buthisnameescapedmeforthemoment.被遗忘(1)escape(doing)sth. 逃脱(做)某事escapefrom/outof... 从……逃跑，逃走escapeone'sattention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘(2)anarrowescape 死里逃生；幸免于难④Onlywiththegreatestofluckdidhemanagetoescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.是由于运气太好他才能从快速上升的洪水中逃脱。⑤Thedrivernarrowlyescapedbeing_killed(kill)inthetrafficaccident.这名司机在车祸中差一点被撞死。⑥Heeverhadanarrowescapefromtheadventuroussport,sohedoesn'tdaretotryitagain.他曾经在冒险运动中死里逃生，所以他不敢再尝试了。4．clearvi.(烟雾)消散；变清澈；(天)转晴；清(嗓子)vt.使清澈；使清楚；消除；使干净adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的；明确的[教材原句]WhenthesmokeclearedWanHuandhischairhaddisappeared.当烟雾消散后，万虎和他的座椅已无影无踪了。[一词多义]写出下列句中clear的含义①Itwasafinedayoncethefoghadcleared.(烟雾)消散②Theskyclearedafterthestorm.(天)转晴③Theprofessorclearedhisthroatbeforegivingaspeech.清(嗓子)④Wetriedourbesttoclearhismindofdoubt.消除⑤Themoviesendsaclearmessagetoteenagers:ifyouaredeterminedtofollowyourdream,nothingstandsintheway.明确的(1)clearaway 清除；驱散；拿走；收拾clearup 放晴；整理；清理；消除(误会)clearone'sthroat (说话前)清嗓子(2)make...clear 阐明；明确表示⑥Althoughthehurricanehasgone,itwillbemonthsbeforethedamageisclearedup.虽然飓风已经过去了，但是还要花几个月的时间才能把它造成的破坏清理干净。⑦Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.苏姗明确向我表示，说她希望自己重新开始新的生活。[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducation(educate)canchangeone'sfate.2．Themurderertriedtoescapebeing_caught(catch)bythepolicebutinvain.3．Humanswillneverbereplacedbyrobots.Wearetheirmastersforever.4．Themuseumhasbeenpleted,butthegovernmenthasn'tmadeitclearwhenitwillbeopentothepublic.5．Alargequantityofmoneyhas_been_collected_(collect)tohelpthosewhoaresufferingfromthefloods.6．Infaceofincreasingenergylimits,Chinaneedsamajorbreakthroughinminingandexploration.7．Hissuccesswasalongstory,butinbrief,hesucceededaftermanyfailures.8．Asthediscussionwenton,wefoundwhatweweretalkingaboutgotoffthepoint,wanderingawayfromthe_original(origin)topic.9．Ifyoufindyourselftrappedinthehabitofplaining,youshouldsimplytrytoconvertitinto_positivefeelingsandstayoptimistic.10．HemetRachelathercollegegraduation(graduate)ceremony,whomhewaslatertomarry.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Largequantitiesofsandwaswasheddownthehillsidebytherain.was→were2．Hisfirstbookpublishedlastyearanditturnedouttobeabest­seller.published前加was3．Beingphysicalexaminedforfreetwiceayeariswhateveryclerkshallbeensuredinanypanyofthestate.physical→physically4．Onbrief,practiceisfarmoreimportantthanbookknowledge.On→In5．Itrainedheavilythismorning,butitclearedoutbynoon.out→upⅢ.单句写作(同义替换/一句多译)1．Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmate,whosenameheforgot(＝escaped_him)forthemoment.2．大量的水已经被污染了，因此湖泊闻起来很难闻。①Large_quantities_of_water_have_been_polluted,_sothelakesmellsterrible.(quantities)②A_large_quantity_of_water_has_been_polluted,_sothelakesmellsterrible.(quantity)3．我举双手支持校园内禁止吸烟。①I'llraisebothhandsin_support_of_banning_smokinginsidetheschoolyard.(supportn．)②I'llraisebothhandsin_favour_of_banning_smokinginsidetheschoolyard.(favourn．)[第二板块短语、句式突破]1．earnone'sliving谋生[教材原句](He)gotajobinanofficetoearnhisliving.(他)在一家事务所工作以谋生。makealiving＝earnone'sliving 谋生earnone'sownliving 自食其力earnmoney/afortune 挣钱/大钱earnsb.praise/areputation 为某人赢得赞扬/名声①Maryoftendoessometranslationworkto_earn_extra_money,_whichaccountsforhalfofherine.玛丽经常做些翻译工作来获取额外收入，这些收入占了她收入的一半。②Heearned_his_living_by_selling_newspaperswhenhewasyoung.当他年轻时靠卖报纸谋生。③Thepanyhas_earned_a_good_reputationforreliability.该公司因其诚信可靠而赢得了良好声誉。2．eto/intopower掌权；上台；执政[教材原句](He)leftGermanywhenHitlercametopowerandwenttoworkintheUS.希特勒掌权时，(他)离开了德国去美国工作了。(be)inpower 当权；掌权take/seizepower 取得/夺取政权beyondone'spower 不能胜任；超过了某人的能力within/inone'spower 有能力；力所能及①Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehecame_to/into_power.他执政已经5年了。②Thegovernmentin_powerisdevotedtotheimprovementofeducation.这一届政府致力于提高教育。③Iamsorry,itisbeyondmypowertodothis.对不起，这件事我也无能为力。[名师指津]etopower与(be)inpower都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用；后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。3．Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeep_the_rocket_movinginastraightdirection.这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这有助于火箭径直向前飞。keepsb./sth.doingsth.“让某人/某物一直做某事”。keep用于复合结构，“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，其宾语补足语可以是介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词等。①Thequestionkeptmewondering(wonder)fortherestofthenight.这个问题让我想了一晚上。②To_keep_the_feet_dry_and_fortable,_thisnewkindofshoesisequippedwithamicro­fan.(2014·湖南高考满分作文)为了让我们的脚保持干燥、舒服，这种新鞋配备了微型电扇。③Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggenerationinformed(inform)ofthecurrentaffairs.让年轻的一代时刻了解时事是很有必要的。[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.power短语介词填空1．Iwilldoeverythingin/withinmypowertohelpyou.2．I'mafraiditisbeyondmypowertodowhatyouareasking.3．Assoonastheirpartycameto/intopower,theychangedthelaw.Ⅱ.用earn的相关短语补全句子1．史蒂夫·乔布斯19岁时便以卖电脑为生。SteveJobsearned_his_living_by_selling_puterswhenhewas19yearsold.2．他在12岁时就必须自立，自食其力。Hehadtostandonhisownfeetand_earn_his_own_livingattheageof12.3．从河里营救了一个女孩为他赢得了好的名声。Savingagirlfromtheriverearned_him_a_good_reputation.Ⅲ.运用所学短语完成下面语段WangDongwasbornand1.brought_up(养育)inaremotemountainvillage,wherepeoplemainly2.earned_their_living(谋生)byfarming.3.As_a_result_of(由于……的结果)lackofadvancedfarmingtechnique,theylivedahardlife.ThenWangDongrealizedthat4.the_key_to(……的关键)abetterlifewastohaveadvancedtechnology,andafternewtechniquewas5.brought_in(引进),theirlifewasgettingbetterandbetter.Ⅳ.单句语法填空/句型转换1．Somestudentsintheclassstillkeeptheireyesclosed(close)．2．Remembertokeeptheengine_running(run),foritisdifficulttostart.3．MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,whichmakesitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.→MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,making_it_much_easier_for_peopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.4．Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.→It_is_said_thatthebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.eq\a\vs4\al([课堂双线提能]课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接)提能一用课文词汇写高分作文clear，replace，quality，quantity，brilliant，figure，graduate，publish，asaresultof1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)①对于每个人来说，很显然什么也取代不了母亲的爱和照顾。Itiscleartoeveryonethatnothingcanreplacemother'sloveandcare.②他的母亲，有许多优秀的品质，并且在他的教育上花费了大量的金钱。Hismotherhasmanyfinequalitiesandspentalargequantityofmoneyonhiseducation.③从北京大学毕业后不久他就成为他所在领域里才华横溢的人物。HebecameabrilliantfigureinhisfieldsoonafterhegraduatedfromPekingUniversity.④上周他的第一本书出版了。Hisfirstbookwaspublishedlastweek.⑤因为他母亲的支持他才获得成功的。Heachievessuccessas_a_result_ofhismother'ssupport.2．升级平淡句(1)用定语从句改写句②His_mother,_who_has_many_fine_qualities_and_spent_a_large_quantity_of_money_on_his_education.(2)用非谓语动词作状语改写句③Having_graduated_from_Peking_University,_he_became_a_brilliant_figure_in_his_field_soon.(3)用强调句型改写句⑤It_is_as_a_result_of_his_mother's_support_that_he_achieves_success.3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：inbrief)Itiscleartoeveryonethatnothingcanreplacemother'sloveandcare.Hismother,whohasmanyfinequalitiesandspentalargequantityofmoneyonhiseducation.HavinggraduatedfromPekingUniversity,hebecameabrilliantfigureinhisfieldsoon.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedlastweek.Inbrief,itisasaresultofhismother'ssupportthatheachievessuccess.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——宾语从句＋现在分词短语作后置定语]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.本句含有that引导的宾语从句，该从句中含有现在分词短语“escapingfromthetube”作后置定语。在20世纪70年代期间对英国人的口音研究发现听起来像BBC新闻播报员的嗓音被认为是最有吸引力的嗓音。真题长难句AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.(2015·广东高考阅读理解D)本句含有that引导的宾语从句，该从句中含有现在分词短语“soundinglikeaBBCnewsreader”作后置定语。作为“个人情况”的子话题，“伟大科学家”常常出现在高考题目中的阅读理解中，以介绍人物和科技发明类的说明文为主；有时也会出现关于介绍某位科学家的书面表达。一、话题与语篇[考题示例](2014·广东高考阅读D)[1]Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh­techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.[2]Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes—about60,000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoepanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thepanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.[3]ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachbing(海滩搜寻)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachbersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveaputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.[4]Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbeeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachbersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.1．TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．fittingrooms B．tradingfairsC．businesstalks D．groupmeetings2．Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoepanytofindout________.A．whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB．whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC．whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD．howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A．Bycollectinginformationfrombeachbers.B．Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachbers.C．Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D．Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.4．Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.A．travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB．makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC．runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD．phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea5．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B．Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C．Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D．Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.[策略指导](一)这样读文第1步：宏观把握文章大意分层抓关键句概括层意行文结构第1段第1段画波浪线部分研究方式总体介绍总分总模式第2段第2段画波浪线部分使用材料分项论述第3段第3段画波浪线部分协助群体分项论述第4段第4段画波浪线部分影响评价总结第2步：微观突破理解障碍[自主翻译]作为一名有着多年工作经验的科学家，在20世纪90年代早期当他听说数百双运动鞋冲到了美国西北海岸，这时他开始了这种类型的研究。[自主翻译]如果得知这些鞋子何时何地坠入水中，然后追踪它们在何地冲到海岸，他就能够得知关于洋流的很多信息。(二)这样做题[名师解题]1．词义猜测题。选B根据画线部分后的“totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear”可知，人们在这里建立了买卖鞋子的交易市场。A、C项为“无中生有”型错误；D项为“对一半”型错误，错在题干中“group”。2．细节理解题。选C根据第二段中的“Hephonedtheshoepanyand...thattheydidn't.”可知Ebbesmeyer给公司打问他们是否还收回这些鞋子，显然在问是否能用他们的鞋子做实验。A项为“曲解文意”型错误；B、D两项为“无中生有”型错误。3．细节理解题。选A根据第二段最后一句和第三段中的“Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.”可知Ebbesmeyer通过收集鞋子的信息来印证自己对洋流模式的猜想。B项为“曲解文意”型错误；C、D两项为“无中生有”型错误。4．细节理解题。选D根据最后一段第一句可知Ebbesmeyer对在海面上发现的任何不明物体都会打询问。句中“callwithquestionsabout...”与“phoningabout”语意一致，故选D项。A项为“张冠李戴”型错误；B项为“曲解文意”型错误；C项为“对一半”型错误，原文表述为“Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachbersandoceanexperts”。5．主旨大意题。选C根据第一段中的“However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.”可知文章主要介绍了研究洋流的一种独特方法。[阅读理解系列技法16]词义猜测题正确选项特征1．与原文上下文语境联系非常紧密。2．可以通过上下文内容或逻辑关系提示确定，原文提示的方式一般有：定义和解释、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。以上文第1题为例：(三)这样积累1．randomadj.随意的；随机的 2．trackv.跟踪；追踪3．landv.登陆；着陆 4．patternn.模式5．reliableadj.可信赖的 6．datan.数据7．makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事二、话题与写作[考题示例](2008·湖南高考)请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位，用英语写一篇120词左右的短文。要求根据所给信息作适当发挥，且需包括以下三部分内容：1．对该人物的简单介绍；2．喜欢该人物的理由；3．从该人物身上得到的启示。ThomasEdisonHelenKellerWilliamShakespeareinventor;creative;diligent;fullofwisdomordinarybutgreatwoman;disabled；optimistic；eagertolearnwriter;talented;imaginative;manofallages“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety­ninepercentperspiration.”“...ifIhadthepowerofsightforthreedays.”“Lifeisastage...”[写作规范]第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分1．值得做……be_worth_doing2．充满想象力full_of_imagination3．赞美；钦佩admire4．对……做出巨大贡献make_great_contributions_to5．给……留下印象impress6．……的秘密the_secret_to_...第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分1．托马斯·爱迪生出生于美国。ThomasEdison_was_born_in_America.2．他是一位伟大的科学家和发明家。Hewas_a_great_scientist_and_inventor.3．他曾被认为是一个不值得教育的孩子。He_was_once_thought_to_beaboynot_worth_educating.4．我很钦佩爱迪生因为他对世界做出了巨大贡献。Iadmire_Edison_a_lotbecausehemade_great_contributions_totheworld.5．在他的一生中，他总是急切地知道事物是怎样运转的。Inhislifetime,hewas_always_eager_to_know_howthingsworked.6．这帮助他获得了“MeloPark的鬼才”的绰号。It_helped_him_to_earnthenickname“theWizardofMeloPark”．7．他如此勤奋以至于整日整夜的工作。He_was_so_diligent_thatheworkeddayandnight.8．这就是为什么他拥有如此多的伟大发明。This_was_whyhehadsomanygreatinventions.第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分1.用过去分词作状语改写句1，然后和句2合并Born_in_America,_Thomas_Edison_was_a_great_scientist_and_inventor.2．用介词短语作原因状语改写句4I_admire_Edison_a_lot_because_of_his_great_contributions_to_the_world.3．用which引导的定语从句改写句6，然后和句5合并In_his_lifetime,_he_was_always_eager_to_know_how_things_worked,_which_helped_him_to_earn_the_nickname_“the_Wizard_of_Melo_Park”．4．把句7改为倒装句，把句8改为which引导的定语从句，最后两句合并So_diligent_was_he_that_he_worked_day_and_night,_which_was_why_he_had_so_many_great_inventions.第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分Born_in_America,_Thomas_Edison_was_a_great_scientist_and_inventor._He_was_once_thought_to_be_a_boy_not_worth_educating._In_fact,_he_was_a_man_full_of_imagination.I_admire_Edison_a_lot_because_of_his_great_contributions_to_the_world._He_had_more_than_1,000_inventions._In_his_lifetime,_he_was_always_eager_to_know_how_things_worked,_which_helped_him_to_earn_the_nickname_“the_Wizard_of_Melo_Park”．_So_diligent_was_he_that_he_worked_day_and_night,_which_was_why_he_had_so_many_great_inventions.What_impresses_me_most_is_his_famous_saying,_“Genius_is_one_percent_inspiration_and_ninety­nine_percent_perspiration.”Probably_I_cannot_be_an_Edison_myself,_but_I_can_be_a_hard­working_learner._From_him,_I_realize_the_secret_to_success_is_not_when_or_where_you_were_born,_but_what_you_are_doing_and_how_you_do_it_in_your_life.eq\a\vs4\al([单元检测·高考提能])Ⅰ.阅读理解AOnedayThomasAlvaEdisonwasgivenaletterbyhisteacher.Histeacheraskedhimtogiveittohismother.Edisonthoughtitwassomethingnice.Afterhereturnedhome,heproudlygaveittohismother,saying“Myteacherletmegivethislettertoyou.”Notknowingwhatitwas,Edison'smotheropenedit,andthenhereyesopenedwide.Withtearsinhereyes,shelookedathersonandreadouttheletteraloud,“Yourchildisagenius.Thisschoolistoosmallforhimanddoesn'thaveenoughgoodteacherstotrainhim.Pleaseteachhimyourself.”ThefactwasthatEdisonlikedaskingstrangequestionsinclass.Histeachersthoughthewasmentallyill.Theycouldnolongerstandhimanddecidedtostophimfromgoingtoschool.However,Edison'smotherdidn'tgiveuponherson.Shetaughthimathome.ManyyearsafterEdison'smotherdiedandhewasalreadyoneofthegreatestinventors,onedayhewaslookingthroughtheoldfamilythings.Suddenlyhesawapieceoffoldedpaperinthecornerofadrawer.Hetookitandopeneditup.Itread,“Yoursonisaddled(mentallyill).Wewon'tlethimetoschoolanymore.”Edisoncriedforhoursandthenhewroteinhisdiary,“ThomasAlvaEdisonwasanaddledchild,but,byhisheromother,hebeesthegeniusofthecentury.”Havingfaithinthoseweloveisveryimportant.Weshouldhavefaithinthosearoundus.Evenifothershavegivenuponyou,youshouldhavefaithinyourself.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了爱迪生小时候被学校开除，但他妈妈没有责备他，而是用善意的谎言鼓励他，并让他在家接受教育，最终，爱迪生成为一名伟大的发明家的故事。1．HowdidEdison'smotherprobablyfeelwhenreadingtheletter?A．Relaxed. B．Sad.C．Proud. D．Calm.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...andthenhereyesopenedwide.Withtearsinhereyes,shelookedathersonandreadouttheletteraloud...”及下文内容可知，爱迪生的妈妈读那封信时应该很难过。2．Intheteachers'opinion,Edison________.A．wasn'thardtotrainB．wasreallyageniusC．wastooclevertoteachD．wasn'tanormalchild解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ThefactwasthatEdisonlikedaskingstrangequestionsinclass.Histeachersthoughthewasmentallyill.”可知，爱迪生的老师们认为他精神不正常。3．WhatdidEdison'smotherdoafterknowingtheteachers'decision?A．Sheaskedhimtoinventthings.B．Shesenthimtoanotherschool.C．Shelethimgeteducatedathome.D．Sheaskedhimtostudybyhimself.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However,Edison'smotherdidn'tgiveuponherson.Shetaughthimathome.”可知，爱迪生的妈妈并没有放弃他，而是让他在家接受教育。4．Thepassageismeanttoshowthat________.A．teachersshouldlovetheirstudentsB．parentsknowtheirchildrenthebestC．weshouldhavefaithinothersandourselvesD．mostchildrencanbegeniusesifencouraged解析：选C主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是最后一段可知，本文是想告诉我们：要对别人及自己有信心。BWomenNobelPeacePrizelaureates(获奖者)arefewerinnumberthanmenwhohavebeenawardedthePrize,eventhoughitmayhavebeenawoman'speaceactivism(行动主义)whichinspiredAlfredNobeltocreatetheaward.Inrecentdecades,thepercentageofwomenamongthewinnershasincreased.1．BaronessBerthavonSuttnerAfriendofAlfredNobel,Baronesswasaleaderintheinternationalpeacemovementinthe1890s,andshereceivedsupportfromNobelforherAustrianPeaceSociety.WhenNobeldied,shebequeathed(遗赠)moneyforfourprizesforscientificachievements,andoneforpeace.In1905,shewasthefirstwomantobeawardedtheNobelPeacePrize.2．JaneAddamsJaneAddams,bestknownasthefounderofHull­House,asettlementhouseinChicago,wasactiveinpeaceeffortsduringWorldWarⅠwiththeInternationalCongressofWomen.JaneAddamsalsohelpedtofoundtheWomen'sInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom.Shewasnominated(提名)numeroustimes,butthePrizewenteachtimetoothersuntil1931.Shewas,bythattime,inpoorhealth,andcouldnottraveltoacceptthePrize.3．MotherTeresaBorninSkopje,MotherTeresafoundedtheMissionariesofCharityinIndiaandfocusedonservingthedying.Shewasskilledatpublicizingherorder'sworkandthusfinancingtheexpansionofitsservices.ShewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1979forherworkinbringinghelptosufferinghumanity.4．WangariMaathaiWangariMaathaifoundedtheGreenBeltmovementinKenyain1977,whichhasplantedmorethan10milliontreestopreventsoilerosion(流失)andprovidefirewoodforcookingfires.WangariMaathaiwasthefirstAfricanwomantobenamedaNobelPeacePrizelaureate,honoredforhercontributiontosustainabledevelopmentandpeace.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了四位女性诺贝尔和平奖得主。5．Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Womencontributedlesstotheworldthanmen.B．Womenwerenotasactiveas