2025版高考英语一轮总复习素养提升专题三三大从句和特殊句式第二讲定语从句

专题三三大从句和特殊句式第二讲定语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2023·全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings，Beijingisalsoaplacewhich/thatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife，with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.解析：考查定语从句。句中先行词为“aplace”，空处关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。2．(2023·全国甲卷)TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica，wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings.解析：考查定语从句。句中先行词为town，空处关系词在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。3．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables(寓言)werepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothesixthcentury, B．C．Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,asRachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”解析：考查定语从句。关系词引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as。故填as。4．(2023·北京卷)Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,wherethousandswereattendingawaterconference.解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.解析：考查定语从句。此处that引导定语从句，先行词为thespecies，被all修饰，关系代词只能用that不用which。故填that。6．(2022·全国甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词CaoShengkang。该定语从句缺少主语，且先行词指人，应用who来引导该定语从句。故填who。7．(2022·浙江卷)KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicsthat/whoarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授KimCobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且空处关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词引导定语从句。故填that/who。8．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanywhich/thatusedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，usedalotofplastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词acompany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。9．(2021·天津卷)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfromwhichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.解析：考查定语从句。句意：WilliamHastie曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，从过去的错误中我们可以吸取教训而不重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为pastmistakes，指物。此处定语从句由from＋which组成的“介词＋关系代词”引导。故填which。10．(2021·浙江1月卷)BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtoolthat/whichgivesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后是定语从句，tool是先行词，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。11．(2021·天津3月卷)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.解析：考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是stands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。12．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.解析：考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且空处关系词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。13．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.解析：考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是theBritishMuseum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。14．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thankyouforyourletter，whichreallymademehappy.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yourletter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。15．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understandinghergoodintentions，IeatallthefoodthatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.解析：考查定语从句。food后是定语从句，先行词是allthefood，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词又被all所修饰。故填that。16．(北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources(资源)．解析：考查定语从句。aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife是定语从句，修饰先行词those，且空格处在从句中作主语，指代人。故填who。17．(天津卷)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是thestage，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where，相当于inwhich。故填where。18．(全国Ⅲ卷)Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthat/whichiscreatedforthem.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词为environment，指物。故填that/which。19．(全国Ⅰ卷)OneafternoonwhenIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为Oneafternoon，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。20．(全国Ⅱ卷)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，空处关系词在从句中作主语，修饰asoil-testingprogram，先行词表示物。故填that/which。21．(浙江卷)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。22．(江苏卷)Self-drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词anarea。将先行词代入定语从句后为Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartinglineinthearea，由此可知，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。23．(全国Ⅲ卷)ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语。故填who。24．(全国Ⅲ卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingsthat/whichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，things是其后定语从句的先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。Ⅱ.语法填空定语从句专练Therewasatime1.whenIwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.whymyfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3.whereImetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide，4.whoseteacherwasYuMinhong，communicatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.whomIgainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.that/whichwedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide，7.whoencouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.whichIputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.whichIcanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.AsourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。解析：1．考查定语从句。先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语。故填when。2．考查定语从句。先行词是原因reason，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填why。3．考查定语从句。先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语。故填where。4．考查定语从句。先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系。故填whose。5．考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空前的介词from可知用whom。故填whom。6．考查定语从句。定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。7．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词myfatherandtheguide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语。故填who。8．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词English，并在定语从句中作介词into的宾语。故填which。9．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的名词passages。故填which。10．考查定语从句。根据句子结构和语境可知，此为非限制性定语从句且关系词指代后面的句子“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”因此要用as引导定语从句，意为“正如”。故填As