2025版高考英语一轮总复习考点突破专题四需要变形的名词形容词和副词第二讲形容词和副词考点一形容词和副词的词形转换

考点一形容词和副词的词形转换1．形容词的构词规律类别例词名词词尾加-yrain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，sleep→sleepy，wealth→wealthy动词词尾加-(e)dlearn→learned，gift→gifted,talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited动词词尾加-ingchallenge→challenging，surprise→surprising,convince→convincing,frighten→frightening名词词尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，thank→thankful/thankless，peace→peaceful/peaceless，use→useful/useless，home→homeless名词或动词词尾加-ableaccept→acceptable，comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，respect→respectable，reason→reasonable名词词尾加-ousdanger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous名词词尾的-ce变为-tconfidence→confident，difference→different名词词尾加-almusic→musical,person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional名词词尾加-lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly，love→lovely名词词尾加-enwood→wooden,wool→woolen动词词尾加-ive/-ativeattract→attractive,talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective其他常见变化energy→energetic,fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等)；以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy,ice→icy,taste→tasty等)]【点津】区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词的具体方法：(1)-ing形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。(2)-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑),feeling(感觉),appearance(外貌),cry(哭),face(面部表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪),look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。2．副词的构词规律类别例词形容词＋后缀-lyclear→clearly,great→greatly，loud→loudly，sudden→suddenly，sincere→sincerely，shy→shyly以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily，heavy→heavily，angry→angrily，lucky→luckily，noisy→noisily词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去e再加-yterrible→terribly，possible→possibly，gentle→gently，probable→probably，comfortable→comfortably，responsible→responsibly，suitable→suitably(例外：whole→wholly)词尾为-ue的形容词，去e再加-lytrue→truly词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-yfull→fully，dull→dully词尾为-ic的形容词，加-allybasic→basically,scientific→scientifically，specific→specifically，automatic→automatically即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish)．2．Walkingalongatrailintheshadowyforest,Isawvarious(variety)plantsthathavestartedtoturnreddish.3．Theyaremakingthespaceexperienceaccessible