2024年高考英语复习主题词汇 法律常识、法律意识及社会进步

话题二十八法律常识、法律意识及社会进步

第一部分话题词汇积累

单词&短语

1.opponentn.________________

2.optionaladj._________________

3.accidentn.________________

4.organicadj--------------------------

5.outcomen.________________

6.casen--------------------------

7.outputn.________________

8.overalladj.________________

9.overlookvt.________________

lO.overseasadv---------------------------

11.packagen._______________

12.paraden-----------------------

13.paralleladj-----------------------

14.patternn.______________

15.pausen.&v.______________

16.peakn._______________

17.pedestriann._______________

18.permanentadj________________

19.personneln._______________

2O.pessimisticadj.______________

21.lawn._______________

22adj.普通的；平常的；一般的；平凡的

23.n.组织；固体；机构

24adj.原料的；最早的；最初的；原创的

25adv.否则；以另外的方式

26adv.在/往户外;在野外

27adj.外向的；爱交际的，友好的

28adj.杰出的；突出的；优秀的

29.vt.战胜；克服；解决

30.________________n.乘客；旅客

31._________________n.激情；热爱；强烈情感

32.________________adj.消极的；被动的

33.________n.病人adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的

34.________________n.表演；演出；表现

35.________________n.个性；人格；性格

36.________________n.现象

37.________n.物理学

38.________n.钢琴家

39.---v.（原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词X使）恐慌

40.--v.（原形、过去式、过去分词）许可；准许

41.为某人做手术

42.___________________________征询某人的意见

43.抓住机会做某事

44.opposedoingsth./beopposedtodoingsth.

45.向反方向

46.对生活积极乐观

47.placeanorderforacoat______________________________

48.otherthan______________________________

49.owesb.anapology/oweanapologytosb.

50.keeppacewith...___________________________

51.takepainstodosth.___________________________

52.在……中起重要作用___________________________

53.对某事讲究/挑剔___________________________

54.尤其；特别___________________________

55..拜访某人___________________________

56.还清欠债；得到回报___________________________

57.未经许可___________________________

58.亲自；亲身___________________________

59.说服某人做某事___________________________

60.给某人拍照___________________________

词汇拓展

1.optionn.可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由；选修课；（未来的）买卖选择权

Thisparticularmodelcomeswithawiderangeof

这种型号的货品有很多选择。

Severalareofferedforthestudents*senioryear.

为毕业班学生开设了几门选修课。

Iamkeepingmyopen.Ihavenotmadeadecisiononeithermatter.

我保留选择权，这两件事我都还没有作出决定。

【辨异】option,choice,alternative,selection的区别

choice指普通意义上的选择。可指以任何方式进行的选择，着重自由选择，也可指被选中的人或物。

option指的是某个特定情境下众多选择中的一个。着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常相互排斥。

alternative通常指的是可用于替代现有事物的另一个选择。

selection通常指的是经过精心挑选出来的，比较出色的人或事物。

Welefttheselectionoftheteamtothecaptain.我们把挑选队员的工作交给了队长。

Atlunchtime,there'sachoicebetweenthebuffetandthesetmenu.

午餐可以选自助餐，也可以选套餐。

Itisreallyveryhardformetomakemyoptionbetweenthesealternatives.

让我在这两个选择中作出选择真的非常难。

Aftergraduation,shehasthealternativeofeitherbeingemployedinacompanyoroftakingonacareerofherown.

毕业后她可以选择受雇于一家公司或者自己创业。

2.payoff偿清，还清(债务);还清欠……的钱；用钱打发；成功；赢利

Tothedebts,Iworkedhardfortenyears.

为了还清债务，我辛苦工作了十年。

Ibelievethathardworkanddeterminationareboundto

我相信勤奋和决心一定会得到回报。

Hewasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandhispersistence

他决心成为医生，他的坚持取得了成功。

［联想］payavisitto参观...

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payattentionto注意...

活学活用

一、阅读下列句子，在空自处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.1(panic)whenIsawsmokecomingoutoftheengine.

2.1thinkwe'regoingtohavetoplaceanordernew-modelchipsaheadofschedule.

3.Whilehomeschoolingoffersalternativetotheschoolenvironment,ithasbecomeacontroversialissue.

4.Noreferencebooksaretobetakenoutofthereadingroomwithout(permit).

5.Atfirstshetriedtopersuadeotherstodothefilm,butfinallyshewaspersuadedbyherfriends(do)it

herself.

二、翻译句子

1.如果时间允许的话，你们可以参观一下杭州的一些名胜古迹。(payavisit)

2.在赢得一场比赛中，心理因素常常起着重要作用。(playapart)

3.如果是这样的话，除了向你说声对不起，我已经不知道该做些什么了。(otherthan)

4.不要太讲究吃穿，多注重学习和工作。(particular)

第二部分话题阅读训练

(A)阅读理解

Over2.5quintillionbytesofdataarecreatedeachday.Manyofthemconsistofinformationthatwouldallowpeopleto

bepersonallyidentified.

Atthesametimethatweshareourpersonalinformation,thereisagrowingconcernwithhowthatinformationisbeing

gathered,stored,usedandshared.WhilemanyeconomieslikeCanadaandtheEUhaveprivacylawsdatingbacktothe

mid-1990s,changestodatapracticesinthepastfiveyearshavemotivatedgovernmentstorevieworupdateexistinglaws.

Changestoprivacylawsarebeingfuelledbygrowingpublicconcernswiththeideaofunrestricteddataaccumulation

anduse.Forinstance,earlierthisyear,theWorldEconomicForumfoundthat1/3ofglobalcitizenshavenoideaabouthow

theirpersonalinformationisusedandthattrustislacking.

Privacylawsarechangingtodealwiththerealandnoticedrisksofharmwhichresultfromtheunder-regulatedor

unregulateddataeconomy.TheEUhasintroducedbigreformtolawswhichareaimedatprotectingprivacy.TheEU's

GeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)introducedstrictrequirementsforthosethatcontrolorprocessthepersonal

dataofthepeoplewholiveintheEU.TheGDPR'sstatedgoalsfocusontheprotectionandbasicrightsofpersonal

information.CertainUSstatesarealsoenteringthegroupinthefightforcontroloverpersonaldata.Theyhavepassedorare

activelyconsideringprivacylaws.Californiaisoutfront.TheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)providesgreater

controltoindividualsovertheirpersonalinformation.ThereisasensethatprivacylawsareonthehorizonintheUS.

Thesearetwoexamplesthatareactivelypursuingmoreprogressiveprivacylaws.Oneimportantconsiderationisto

harmonizeglobalstandardsforbestlawpractices.Thiswilleasecompliance(遵从)acrosstheborderandprovidea

valuablesignaltothepublicthatgovernmentsarekeepingpacewithrapidchange.

1.What'sthecauseofthechangeofprivacylaws?

A.Agrowingneedforinformation.

B.Publicconcernsoverdatasecurity.

C.Generalawarenessofdatacontrol.

D.Collectionofpersonalinformation.

2.HowdoesParagraph4develop?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Bylistingstatistics.

C.Byanalyzingreasons.

D.Bymakingcomparisons.

3.Whatisanimportantconsiderationforgloballawmakers?

A.Thepracticeoflawsindifferentfields.

B.Thereflectionofrealityindifferenteras.

C.Theconsistencyoflawsindifferentregions.

D.Theadaptationtochangesindifferentsocieties.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.EUpassesnewlawsforprivacyprotection.

B.Governmentsignoretheviolationofpersonalprivacy.

C.Privacylawsarechangingtoprotectpersonalinformation.

D・Peoplelacktheawarenessofpersonalinformationprotection.

(B)语法填空

EatinganddrinkingonthesubwayhaslongbeenacontroversialissueinChina.Whilemanyhavefeltasharp

annoyance1.thesightandscentoffoodinsubwaycars,quiteafewalsosupporttherighttochew

2.(noisy)onsnacksduringthetriptoworkorschool.

Thedebaterecentlyarrivedat3.(it)finaldestinationwhenMinistryofTransportofthePeople'sRepublicof

Chinaintroducedanew