定语从句经典完整版课件

什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.ablueseaahandsomeboy第1页/共94页Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.第2页/共94页Theman

wholivesnexttous

sellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后3.代替先行词第3页/共94页关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)第4页/共94页定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplesufferedalot.3.as引导的定语从句可前移Asweallknow,theearthisround.第5页/共94页定语从句Jointhefollowingsentences:1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.amachinethemachineamachinethat/which关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。第6页/共94页Thinkandconclude

1.意义：定语从句是用来修饰名词的句子.2.写法：①找出两个简单句的共有成分；②将从句中的共有成分去掉；③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后．第7页/共94页2.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.ThegirlisMary.ThegirlisMary.wesawheryesterdaywho/thatwesawyesterday关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词thegirl。第8页/共94页IprefertherobotcanplaytheguitarwhichtherobotTherobotb.Howtomakeit?第9页/共94页1.Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。第10页/共94页定语从句:

关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3..that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=ofwhich或ofwhom5.as关系副词(作状语)

:1.where=介词+which2.when=介词+which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法

thewayhelives.thathelives.inwhichhelives.关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。第11页/共94页一、关系代词1.Thenumberofpeople____losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whenA1.who作定从的主语/宾语指人作主语时不可省略指代先行词第12页/共94页2.Theboy_____wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.A.whomB./C.whichD.whenAB2.whom作定从的宾语指人可省略指代先行词第13页/共94页3.Spielbergwonaprizeforashortfilm_____hemade.A.whichB.whoC./D.whereAC3.which作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词第14页/共94页4.It'saboutabigshark____attacksswimmers___arespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillage.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whichE./4.that作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词CDBC第15页/共94页5.Spielberg,_____motherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.thatC5.whose作定从的定语指物或人不可省略指代先行词=sb's/sth's第16页/共94页Ioncelivedinahouse____wasbroken.A.whoseroofB.whichroofC.ofwhichtheroofD.theroofofwhichACD5.whose＋n＝ofwhich/whomthe+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。Herparentsdon'twanttomarrytheirdaughtertoaman_________ispoor.

whosefamily=thefamilyofwhom=ofwhomthefamily

theroofofthehouse第17页/共94页关系副词和定语从句第18页/共94页Istillremembertheday..

=when(1)(2)onthedayIcamehere=onwhich我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。

(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。

第19页/共94页1.Doyouknowthedate___Lincolnwasborn?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where1.whenBC作定从的时间状语指时间,在从句中表示"在...时间"=in/on...+which先行词为时间名词第20页/共94页

Thisisthehouse.lastyear.

=inwhich=whereIlivedinthehouse

(1)(2)

就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。

(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。

第21页/共94页2.Thefarm_____wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.onwhichBD2.where作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示"在...地点"=in/on...+which先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词)第22页/共94页Hegaveareason.

=forwhich

=why(1)(2)

forthereason.peoplelikemusic(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。

他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。

第23页/共94页3.Idon'tknowthereason____helooksunhappy.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./BC3.why作定从的原因状语指原因,在从句中表示"因为...原因"=forwhich先行词为reasonIdisapprovethereasons____hecameupwith.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./AD因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which第24页/共94页1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason___________________hegaveus.

when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich第25页/共94页4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。Idon'tliketheway____hetalkedtohismother.Idon'tliketheway____hechosetodoit.A.thatB.inwhichC./D.howABCACway方式，方法1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者inwhich且可以略。2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which

第26页/共94页指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？第27页/共94页指人指物主语宾语that

whichwhowhom√√√√√√√√√√√√×

×

×

×

何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略第28页/共94页解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。第29页/共94页1.ShelookedatJeff___waswavinghisarms.2.Thegirl____legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.3.Andthereshesawawallofwater___wasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。ABCBD第30页/共94页3.whose引导定语从句，先行词既可是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语：whose+n=the+n.+of+which/whom.

=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisblack.请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。=Pleaseshowmethebook____________________________isblack．Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.

=Thisisthescientist____________________isknownallovertheworld.=the

nameofwhomofwhomthe

namethecoverofwhich=ofwhichthecover第31页/共94页定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthings

thathehadseenabroad.2.先行词something,anything,everything，all,nothing等不定代词时或被修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstplacethatIvisitedlasttime.第32页/共94页定语从句使用中的特殊情况４.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?５.关系代词在从句中作表语时。Heisnolongertheboythathewas10yearsago.６．当先行词前有all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时Thisthevery(正好，恰好)pursethatyoulost.第33页/共94页二、不用that的情况：1.介词后指代人用whom,指物用which.不用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.DoyoulikethebookfromwhichIlearnedmuch.定语从句使用中的特殊情况aboutthat(X)fromthat(X)第34页/共94页2.非限制性定语从句里指代人用who,whom,指物用which.不用关系词that。Betty,

whohasneverbeenabroad,isreadingnow.Betty,whomyoumetisreadingnow.Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.that(X)第35页/共94页1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat第36页/共94页Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.whose=thestudent’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格theEnglishofthestudents=theEnglishofwhomTheteacherpraisedthestudent,theEnglishofwhom(ofwhomtheEnglish)isthebestinourclass.难用的whose第37页/共94页Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken=thewindowofthehouse=thewindowofwhich第38页/共94页二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.2.非限制性定语从句。Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.定语从句使用中的特殊情况aboutthat(X)that(X)第39页/共94页三,介词＋关系代词的问题。第40页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?第41页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?第42页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?第43页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?第44页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?第45页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后第46页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin第47页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况3Helivesinalonelyvillage.Atthebackofitisahill.Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof______isahill.Hehasthreesisters.Allofthemareabroad.Hehasthreesisters,allof________areabroad.whichwhomJointhefollowingsentences:第48页/共94页介词+关系代词1.由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis300,000kmpersecond.Theroominwhichthereisablackboardistheirclassroom.介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分,或动词所需要的搭配Don’tbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid.Thisisthejobatwhichtheylaughed.第49页/共94页3.表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用ofwhichChinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusiness.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhomSome,any,several,many,most,all,both,neither,none,half,one等和形容词比较级,最高级之后接ofwhom/whichD第50页/共94页TheNorthIslandisfamousforanareaofhotsprings,someofwhichthrowhotwaterhighintotheair.Therearealtogether11booksontheshelf,___fivearemine.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhichThereare2buildings,___standsnearly100feethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhichCD第51页/共94页介词+关系代词的情况Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.

在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?3.固定动词或介词短语搭配第52页/共94页1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope

hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,

standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_______peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词+关系代词的情况练习第53页/共94页Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

Idon’tliketheway

thatyouspeak.

ontheday=onwhich=wheninthehouse=inwhich=whereforthereasons=forwhich=whyintheway=that=inwhich关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词第54页/共94页Fillintheblankswith“prep+whom/which”.Theteacher___________IlearntmostwasMrs.Zhu.What’sthenameofthesport___________yougoinaboat?Mathematicsisthesubject_____________Iammostinterested.Thisisthequestion________________wehavehadadiscussion.Thisisthehouse___________________Iwasborn.fromwhominwhichaboutwhichinwhichinwhich第55页/共94页Thisisthepen_______________Iwrotetheletter.Isthatthegirl________________youlentyourbicycle?Hereistheaddress______________youshouldwriteThesearethethings_______________Ispokejustnow.Isthatthefish______________youaskedthewaiter?withwhichtowhichtowhichaboutwhichforwhich第56页/共94页Themoonisaball_____________therearenolivingthings.Waterisveryimportanttofish,____________itcan'tlive.Welovethevillage______________weworkfortwoyears.Peter,____________IplayedtennisonSundays,wasstrongerthanI.onwhichwithoutwhichinwhichwithwhom第57页/共94页介词＋关系代词的问题。1.ofwhich/whom结构很多时候表示“其中Class14has75students,ofwhom35studentsaregirls.=35studentsofwhomaregirls.2.when/why/where很多时候可转换为介词+关系代词。ThisisthehousewhereIlive.Everyoneknowsthereasonwhyhesucceeded.IrememberthedaywhenIvisitedthetemple.inwhichforwhichonwhich第58页/共94页Onherbirthday,shereceivedfromherparentsanicepresent_____anotewasattached,_____“Weloveyousomuch”.A.that,sayingB.towhich,sayingC.towhich,saidD.inwhich,said

Alecaskedthepoliceman_______heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.WithhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom第59页/共94页1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason___________________hegaveus.

when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich第60页/共94页非限制性定语从句第61页/共94页1。which引导的非限制性定语从句：此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为that1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后：Bushwaselectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.

一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/whose/which/where/when/why/as来引导,不能用that第62页/共94页二.as引导的非限制性定语从句1.as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的,如：asyouknow/see/planned/asweexpected/understand/think/believe也可以将它们用于被动结构中:asisknown/seen/planned/expected第63页/共94页Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.______isknowntoall_________theearthisround.______isknowntoallis_________theearthisround.Itwhich/asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as,it为形式主语,that引导主语从句thatWhatthatwhat引导主语从句,that引导表语从句第64页/共94页2.as引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中1).Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.2).Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句)as第65页/共94页2.as引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中as3)Thisisthesamebag_____

Ilostyesterday.4)Thisisthesamebag_____

Ilostyesterday.同类异物that这就是家我丢的那个包包。同物这个包包和我丢的那个一样。第66页/共94页三.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.5.Hehastwosons.Bothof___________

areteachers.6.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.This/Itwhichthemwhomthemthat1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which

×whom××引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略4.Hefailedintheexam;_______madehisparentsangry.this/it第67页/共94页3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。2.as引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow（我们都知道),asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样），asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。第68页/共94页四.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:①限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如：Thisisthemanwhogavemethemoney．这就是给我钱的那个人。

上句如删去从句whogavemethemoney，则成了Thisistheman．（这是那个人。）完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉

第69页/共94页②

非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：WangDong，whoisintheroom，wantstoaskyousomequestions．王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。

上述主句是WangDongwantstoaskyousomequestions，如果删去从句（whoisintheroom），并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。

第70页/共94页③

另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudentswhocanspeakEnglishwell．在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudents，whocanspeakEnglishwell他们班上有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都好。）（限定性定语从句）(非限定性定语从句）第71页/共94页形式作用翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略第72页/共94页先行词为situation,case,point时,usingwhereCanyouthinkofasituationwhereyoucanusetheword?第73页/共94页解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。第74页/共94页1.Isthisthefactory____hisfathervisitedlastyear?2.Isthisthefactory____hisfatherworkedlastyear?A.whichB.thatC./D.whereE.inwhich对比训练ABCDE第75页/共94页1.Iwillneverforgetthetime____Ispentwiththevillagers.2.Iwillneverforgetthetime____Istayedwiththevillagers.A.whichB.thatC./D.when对比训练ABCD第76页/共94页1.Idon'tbelievethereason___hegaveforhisabsence.2.Idon'tbelievethereason___hewasabsent.A.whichB.thatC./D.whyE.forwhich对比训练ABCDE第77页/共94页1.Itisthisshop____Iboughtallthesethings.2.Itisinthisshop____Iboughtallthesethings.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD./对比训练BCA第78页/共94页1.Itwas1949___PRCwasfounded.2.Itwasin1949___PRCwasfounded.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.where对比训练AC第79页/共94页1.All____Idoisforyou.2._____Idoisforyou.A.thatB.whatC./D.which对比训练ACBwhat引导主语从句,在从句中作主语.what不能引导定语从句.第80页/共94页对比训练1.Itissodifficultaquestion____noonecansolveit.2.Itissodifficultaquestion____noonecansolve.A.thatB.as1.____isannounced,themeetingwasputoff.2.____isannouncedthatthemeetingwasputoff.A.ItB.AsABBA第81页/共94页3.as和which引导定语从句的区别：1).which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面2).as引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow,asiswellknown,asisoftenthecase（正如往常一样),asisreported,asweexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。3).as还可以用语下列固定句型中:so/such/as/thesame……as….第82页/共94页1.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,____shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichThefamousfootballstar,___triedtomakeagoal,succeeded.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whoD本句中which指代先行词alawyer（律师身份).有逗号，不用that。D第83页/共94页2.Theresultofthegamewasgood,____wehadn'texpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what3.___Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.WhichC本句中which指代前面整句话的内容，译为“这”。有逗号，不用that。本句中as指代后面整句话的内容，译为“正如...一样”。位于句首，不用which。C第84页/共94页4.Ilikethesameprogramme____youlike.A.thatB.asC.whichD.whenB本句中as指代先行词programme，因为先行词被thesame修饰，故选as。as引导定语从句常与主句构成的thesame...as;as....as;such/so....as结构。第85页/共94页5.____isreported,Tomwonthefirstprize.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.ThatB本句中as指代后面Tomwonthefirstprize的事实。译为“正如所报道的那样”。位于居首，不用which。as引导非限制性定语可位于居首。第86页/共94页五.定语从句的主谓一致：

试对比：Iboughtabookyesterday．Itwasveryinteresting．＝ThebookwhichIboughtyesterday______veryinteresting．

Iboughtsomebooksyesterday．Theywereveryinteresting．

＝ThebookswhichIboughtyesterday————veryinteresting．定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。