BS EN 13445-6-2009 无燃烧火压力容器.由球形石墨铸铁生产的压力容器和压力零部件的设计和生产要求VIP

BSEN13445-6:2009

BSIBritishStandards

Unfiredpressurevessels—

Part6:Requirementsforthedesign

andfabricationofpressurevesselsand

pressurepartsconstructedfromspheroidalgraphitecastiron

NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBYCOPYRIGHTLAW

raisingstandardsworldwide™

Britishstandards

BSEN13445-6:2009BRITISHSTANDARD

Nationalforeword

ThisBritishStandardistheUKimplementationofEN13445-6:2009.ItsupersedesBSEN13445-6:2002+A2:2006whichiswithdrawn.

TheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedtoTechnicalCommitteePVE/1,Pressurevessels.

Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitssecretary.

Thispublicationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthenecessaryprovisionsofacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.

©BSI2009

ISBN9780580655739

ICS23.020.30

CompliancewithaBritishStandardcannotconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.

ThisBritishStandardwaspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyandStrategyCommitteeon30September2009.

Amendmentsissuedsincepublication

DateTextaffected

EUROPEANSTANDARD

NORMEEUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHENORM

EN13445-6

July2009

ICS23.020.30

SupersedesEN13445-6:2002

EnglishVersion

Unfiredpressurevessels-Part6:Requirementsforthedesign

andfabricationofpressurevesselsandpressureparts

constructedfromspheroidalgraphitecastiron

Récipientssouspressionnonsoumisàlaflamme-Partie6

:exigencespourlaconceptionetlafabricationdes

récipientssouspressionetdespartiessouspression

moulésenfonteàgraphitesphéroïdal

UnbefeuerteDruckbehälter-Teil6:AnforderungenandieKonstruktionundHerstellungvonDruckbehälternundDruckbehälterteilenausGusseisenmitKugelgraphit

ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon30June2009.

CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCENManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.

ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCENManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.

CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,

France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.

EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION

COMITÉEUROPÉENDENORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHESKOMITEEFÜRNORMUNG

ManagementCentre:AvenueMarnix17,B-1000Brussels

©2009CEN

Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved

worldwideforCENnationalMembers.

Ref.No.EN13445-6:2009:E

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BSEN13445-6:2009

EN13445-6:2009(E)

Issue1(2009-07)

Contents

Page

Foreword

4

1Scope

5

2Normativereferences

5

3Terms,definitions,unitsandsymbols

6

3.1Termsanddefinitions

6

3.2Units

7

3.3Symbols

7

3.4Inter-relationofthicknessesdefinitions

9

4Serviceconditions

9

4.1Cyclicloading

9

4.2Limitationsontemperatureandenergycontent

10

5Requirements

10

5.1Materials

10

5.2Design

12

5.2.1Technicaldocumentation

12

5.2.2Designmethods

12

5.3Founding

18

5.3.1General

18

5.3.2Welding

18

6Materialtesting

18

6.1General

18

6.2Frequencyandnumberoftests

18

6.3Chemicalanalysis

18

6.4Graphitestructure

19

6.5Inspectiondocuments

19

7Testingandfinalassessment

19

7.1Testing

19

7.1.1General

19

7.1.2TestingrequirementsforCQ=0,8

19

7.1.3TestingrequirementsforCQ=0,9

19

7.1.4Surfaceimperfections

20

7.1.5Cracks,laps,coldshutandnon-fusedchaplets

21

7.1.6Ultrasonictestingand/orsectioning

21

7.1.7Magneticparticletesting(onlyforferriticgrades)

21

7.1.8Penetranttesting

21

7.1.9Radiographictesting

21

7.1.10Surfaceroughness

22

7.1.11Minimumwallthickness

22

7.1.12Wallthicknesstolerances

22

7.1.13Otherdimensions

22

7.1.14Qualificationoftestingpersonnel

22

7.2Finalassessment

22

7.2.1General

22

7.2.2Hydraulictestpressure

22

8Pressurevesselsconstructedofacombinationofpartsindifferentmaterials

23

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BSEN13445-6:2009EN13445-6:2009(E)Issue1(2009-07)

9Markinganddocumentation

23

9.1Markingofcastings

23

9.2Nameplateforthecompletepressurevessel

23

9.3Documentation

23

AnnexA(normative)Technicaldataforthedesigncalculations

24

AnnexB(informative)Ductility

26

AnnexC(informative)Determinationoftheminimumlocalwallthicknessandminimumrequired

bursttestpressure

27

AnnexD(normative)Assessmentoffatiguelife

28

AnnexE(normative)Designbyanalysisforcastings

41

AnnexF(informative)Recommandationsforin-servicevalidationandinspection

43

AnnexG(normative)Specificdesignrequirements

45

AnnexH(normative)Experimentalcyclicpressuretestingprocedure

47

AnnexY(informative)DifferencesbetweenEN13445-6:2002andEN13445-6:2009

51

AnnexZA(informative)RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssential

RequirementsoftheEUPressureEquipmentDirective97/23/EC

52

Bibliography

53

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EN13445-6:2009(E)

Issue1(2009-07)

Foreword

Thisdocument(EN13445-6:2009)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC54“Unfiredpressurevessels”,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI.

ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyDecember2009,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyDecember2009.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CEN[and/orCENELEC]shallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.

ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s).

ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisdocument.InthisstandardtheAnnexesA,D,E,GandHarenormativeandtheAnnexesB,CandFareinformative.

ThisEuropeanStandardconsistsofthefollowingParts:

⎯Part1:General

⎯Part2:Materials

⎯Part3:Design

⎯Part4:Fabrication

⎯Part5:TestingandInspection

⎯Part6:Requirementsforthedesignandfabricationofpressurevesselsandpressurepartsconstructedfromspheroidalgraphitecastiron

⎯CR13445-7,Unfiredpressurevessels—Part7:Guidanceontheuseofconformityassessmentprocedures

⎯Part8:Requirementsforthedesignandfabricationofpressurevesselsandpressurepartsconstructedfromspheroidalgraphitecastiron.

⎯CEN/TR13445-9,Unfiredpressurevessels—Part9:ConformanceofEN13445seriestoISO16528

ThisdocumentsupersedesEN13445-6:2002.ThisneweditionincorporatestheAmendmentswhichhavebeenapprovedpreviouslybyCENmembersandthecorrectedpagesuptoIssue36withoutanyfurthertechnicalchange.AnnexYtoEN13445-1:2009andAnnexYtothisPartprovidesdetailsofsignificanttechnicalchangesbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandthepreviousedition.

Amendmentstothisneweditionmaybeissuedfromtimetotimeandthenusedimmediatelyasalternativestorulescontainedherein.ItisintendedtodeliveranewIssueofEN13445:2009eachyear,consolidatingtheseAmendmentsandincludingotheridentifiedcorrections.

AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.

5

BSEN13445-6:2009EN13445-6:2009(E)Issue1(2009-07)

1Scope

ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesrequirementsforthedesign,materials,manufacturingandtestingofpressurevesselsandpressurevesselpartsintendedforusewithamaximumallowablepressure,PS,equalorlessthan100barandshellwallthicknessesnotexceeding60mm,whichareconstructedofferriticorausteniticspheroidalgraphitecastiron.Thethicknesslimitationoftheshelldoesnotapplytothicknessofflanges,reinforcements,bossesetc.

Theallowablegradesdonotincludelamellargraphitecastirongradesforferriticandausteniticgrades,whichareexplicitlyexcludedfromthisEuropeanStandardbecauseoflowelongationandbrittlematerialbehaviour,whichrequirestheuseofdifferentsafetyfactorsandadifferentapproach.

NOTE1Austeniticspheroidalgraphitecastirongradesareprincipallyusedforhighandlowtemperatureapplicationsandfortheircorrosionresistanceproperties.

NOTE2TheallowablegradesofspheroidalgraphitecastironarelistedinTables3and4.Serviceconditionsaregivenin

Clause4.

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.

EN764-2:2002,Pressureequipment—Part2:Quantities,symbolsandunits.

EN764-5:2002,Pressureequipment—Part5:Complianceandinspectiondocumentationofmaterials.

EN837-1:1996,Pressuregauges—Part1:Bourdontubepressuregauges—Dimensions,metrology,requirementsandtesting.

EN837-3:1996,Pressuregauges—Part3:Diaphragmandcapsulepressuregauges—Dimensions,metrology,requirementsandtesting.

EN1369:1996,Founding—Magneticparticleinspection.

EN1370:1996,Founding—Surfaceroughnessinspectionbyvisualtactilecomparators.

EN1371-1:1997,Founding—Liquidpenetrantinspection—Part1:Sand,gravitydieandlowpressurediecastings.

EN1559-1:1997,Founding—Technicalconditionsofdelivery—Part1:General.

EN1559-3:1997,Founding—Technicalconditionsofdelivery—Part3:Additionalrequirementsforironcastings.

EN1563:1997,EN1563:1997/A1:2002,EN1563:1997/A2:2005,Founding—Spheroidalgraphitecastirons.

EN12680-3:2003,Founding—Ultrasonicexamination—Part3:Spheroidalgraphitecastironcastings.

EN12681:2003,Founding—Radiographicexamination.

EN13445-1:2009,Unfiredpressurevessels—Part1:General.

EN13445-3:2009,Unfiredpressurevessels—Part3:Design.

EN13445-5:2009,Unfiredpressurevessels—Part5:Inspectionandtesting.

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EN13445-6:2009(E)

Issue1(2009-07)

EN13835:2002,EN13835/A1:2006,Founding—Austeniticcastirons.

ENISO945:1994,Castiron—Designationofmicrostructureofgraphite(ISO945:1975).

ENISO8062-1:2007,Geometricalproductspecifications(GPS)—Dimensionalandgeometricaltolerancesformouldedparts—Part1:Vocabulary(ISO8062-1:2007).

ENISO8062-3:2007,Geometricalproductspecifications(GPS)—Dimensionalandgeometricaltolerancesformouldedparts—Part3:Generaldimensionalandgeometricaltolerancesandmachiningallowancesforcastings(ISO8062-3:2007).

3Terms,definitions,unitsandsymbols

3.1Termsanddefinitions

ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.

3.1.1

criticalzone

highlystressedareawhereafractureisexpectedtooccurinabursttestorwheresurfacefatiguecracksareexpectedtobeinitiatedduetofluctuatingpressureloads

NOTE1Criticalzonesmayoccur,forexample,byanyofthefollowing:

⎯suddenchangeincrosssection;

⎯sharpedges;

⎯sharpradii;

⎯peakstresses;

⎯bendingstresses;

⎯stressesduetootherthanmembranestress;

⎯changesincurvature.

NOTE2Acriticalzoneisanalysedbyanyappropriatemethod,e.g.holographic,interferometric,straingaugemethods,bursttest,fatiguetesting,FEManalysisetc.

NOTE3Additionally,thermalgradientsandthermalstressesduetodifferentoperatingwalltemperaturesneedtobeconsideredindefiningcriticalzones.

3.1.2

purchaser

individualororganisationthatbuyspressureequipment,includingassembliesorparts,foritsownuseoronbehalfoftheuserand/oroperator

3.1.3

manufacturer

individualororganisationresponsibleforthedesign,fabrication,testing,inspection,installationofpressureequipmentandassemblieswhererelevant

NOTE1Themanufacturermaysubcontractoneormoreoftheabovementionedtasksunderitsresponsibility.

NOTE2InEUmemberstatesthemanufacturerisresponsibleforcompliancewiththePressureEquipmentDirective97/23/EC.ForthosemanufacturersoutsideoftheEUtheirauthorizedrepresentativeinsidetheEUassumesthisresponsibility.

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3.1.4

castingmanufacturer

subcontractorthatproducesthecastingsusedinthemanufactureofpressureequipment

3.1.5

testingfactor

Areductionfactorappliedtothenominaldesignstresstotakeaccountofpossiblemanufacturingdeficiencies

3.1.6

temperaturefactor

Areductionfactorappliedtothe0,2%proofstrengthtotakeaccountoftemperatureinfluence

3.1.7

wallthicknessfactor

areductionfactorappliedtothenominaldesignstresstotakeaccountofreducedmechanicalproperties

3.1.8

ferriticspheroidalgraphitecastiron

castmaterial,ironandcarbonbased(carbonbeingpresentmainlyintheformofspheroidalgraphiteparticles)withapredominantlyferriticmatrix

3.1.9

austeniticspheroidalgraphitecastiron

castmaterialwithanausteniticmatrixwhichisironandcarbonbasedandalloyedwithnickelandmanganese,copperand/orchromiuminordertostabilizetheausteniticstructureatroomtemperature

3.2Units

ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,theunitsgiveninEN764-2:2002apply.

3.3Symbols

SymbolsusedinthisEuropeanStandardarelistedinTable3.3-1.

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EN13445-6:2009(E)

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Table3.3-1—Symbols

Symbol

Quantity

Unit

c

Corrosionallowance

mm

e

Requiredthickness

mm

ea

Analysisthickness

mm

eact

Actualthickness

mm

emin

Minimumthicknessasspecifiedondrawing

mm

E

Modulusofelasticity

MPa

f

Nominaldesignstress

MPa

F

Fatiguefactorrelatedto99,8%survival

_

Pb,act

Actualbursttestpressure

MPaa

Pb

Minimumrequiredburstingpressure

MPaa

Pd

Designpressure

MPaa

PS,Ps

Maximumallowablepressure

MPaa

PT,Pt

Testpressure

MPaa

RM

Materialstrengthparameter

MPa

Rp0,2

0,2%-proofstrength

MPa

Rm

Tensilestrength

MPa

Rm(3)

Averagetensilestrengthof3testbarstakenfromthesamelotorheat

MPa

TSmin,TSmax

Minimum/maximumallowabletemperature

°C

T

Calculationtemperature

°C

V

Volume

L

Ce

Wallthicknessfactor

_

CT

Temperaturefactor

_

CQ

Testingfactor

_

n

Factordependingonshapeofshell

_

fe

Thicknesscorrectionfactor

_

fm

Meanstresscorrectionfactor

_

fs

Surfacefinishcorrectionfactor

_

S

Safetyfactor

_

γR

Partialsafetyfactor

_

δ

Castingtolerance

mm

ε

Extrathicknessduetocastingprocess

mm

ν

Poisson’sratio

_

aMPaforcalculationpurposeonly,otherwisetheunitbebar(1MPa=10bar)

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BSEN13445-6:2009EN13445-6:2009(E)Issue1(2009-07)

3.4Inter-relationofthicknessesdefinitions

Key

eistherequiredthickness

eaistheanalysisthickness

eministheminimumthicknessincludingcorrosionallowanceasindicatedondrawings

eactistheactualthickness

cisthecorrosionallowance

εistheextrathicknessduetocastingprocess

δisthecastingtolerance

Figure3.4-1—Inter-relationofthicknessesdefinitions

4Serviceconditions

4.1Cyclicloading

Spheroidalgraphitecastironpressurevesselsandvesselpartscanbeusedforcyclicoperationifthestressfactorislimitedto3.IfthecalculatednumberofcyclesisclosetoalimitnumberofcyclesmentionedinTable4.1-1belowtodeterminetheneedforfatigueanalysis,aworst-casemodelshallbeimplementedforthisdetermination.

IfitisexpectedthatunderserviceconditionsthemaximumnumberoffullpressurecycleswillexceedthelimitnumberaccordingtoTable4.1-1,orexceedsmorethantheequivalentnumberofcycleswithsmalleramplitude,thenafatigueanalysisshallbeperformedaccordingtoAnnexD.

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Table4.1-1—Numberoffullpressurecyclesforcyclicloadingconsideration

Testingfactor

MaximumnumberoffullpressurecycleswithoutmandatoryfatigueanalysisaccordingtoAnnexD

CQ=0,9

1000

CQ=0,8

40000

if2,5<stressfactor≤3

200000

Ifstressfactor≤2,5

NOTE1Atestingfactorof0,9impliestheapplicationofhighernominaldesignstressesandconsequentlyresultsinalowermaximumnumberoffullpressurecycleswithoutmandatoryfatigueanalysis.

NOTE2Astressfactor(ratioofpeakstresstofatiguestress)ofmorethan3,determinedbyanyofthedesignmethodsgivenin5.2canbetheresultofinappropriatedesign.Byenlargingradiiorothersmallchanges,anacceptabledesignmaybegenerated.

ForpressurecyclesatapressuredifferenceΔPilessthanthefullpressure,thenumberofequivalentfullcyclesisgivenbyEquation(4.1-1):

.

neq=ni

i=1

(ΔP)8,6

||（Pma

EQ\*jc3\*hps14\o\al(\s\up9(i),x)

)||

(4.1-1)

where

Nisthetotalnumberofenvisagedtypesofpressurecycleswithdifferentamplitude;

niisthenumberofcyclesofamplitudeΔP;

ΔPiisthepressurecycleamplitude;

Pmaxisthemaximumpermissiblepressure,asdefinedin3.15ofEN13445-3:2009.

4.2Limitationsontemperatureandenergycontent

TheminimumandmaximumallowabletemperaturesTSminandTSmaxshallbeinaccordancewiththelimitsgiveninTables5.1-1and5.1-2.

TheproductPS·Vforasinglecastingshallnotexceed100000bar.L.

5Requirements

5.1Materials

AllcastirongradessubjecttointernalorexternalpressureshallcomplywithEN1563forferriticspheroidalgraphitecastironandEN13835forausteniticspheroidalgraphitecastiron.

TheferriticmaterialgradesgiveninTable5.1-1shallbeusedforapplicationswheretheminimumallowabletemperatureishigherorequalto–10oC.

ThematerialgradeslistedinTable5.1-2areintendedforlowtemperatureorhightemperaturedesignconditions.

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Table5.1-1—Allowablematerialgradesforusualdesigntemperatures(-10°Cupto300°C)

Materialstandard

Materialdesignationb

Designtemperaturelimits

°C

Symbol

Number

EN1563

EN-GJS-350-22

EN-JS1010

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-350-22-RT

EN-JS1014

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-350-22Ua

EN-JS1032

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-350-22U-RTa

EN-JS1029

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-400-18

EN-JS1020

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-400-18-RT

EN-JS1024

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-400-18Ua

EN-JS1062

-10≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-400-18U-RTa

EN-JS1059

-10≤TS≤300

aMechanicalpropertiesverifiedontestpiecesfromcast-onsamples.Thesegradesshouldbechoseninpreferencetothematerialgradeswiththeseparatelycastsampleswhentheunitmassofthecastingisequaltoorgreaterthan2000kgorwhentherelevantwallthicknessvariesbetween30mmand200mm.

ThematerialgradeslistedinTable5.1-1andTable5.1-2maybeproducedintheas-castorheattreatedcondition(seeEN1563:1997,Clause6).

bWhenmaterialsspecifiedinthesetablesarenotavailable,othersuitablematerialsmaybeusedwhenthetechnicaldocumentationdefiningthecharacteristicsofthematerialshasbeenacceptedinaccordancewiththerequirementsforEuropeanapprovalformaterials(EAM)orparticularmaterialappraisal(PMA).

Table5.1-2—Allowablematerialgradesforloworhightemperaturedesignconditions

Materialstandard

Materialdesignationb

Designtemperaturelimits°C

Symbol

Number

EN1563

EN-GJS-350-22-LT

EN-JS1015

-40≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-350-22U-LTa

EN-JS1019

-40≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-400-18-LT

EN-JS1025

-20≤TS≤300

EN-GJS-400-18U-LTa

EN-JS1049

-20≤TS≤300

EN13835

EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4

EN-JS3021

-196≤TS≤300

EN-GJSA-XNi22

EN-JS3041

-40≤TS≤540

EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7

EN-JS3071

-40≤TS≤300

aMechanicalpropertiesverifiedontestpiecesfromcast-onsamples.Thesegradesshouldbechoseninpreferencetothematerialgradeswiththeseparatelycastsampleswhentheunitmassofthecastingisequaltoorgreaterthan2000kgorwhentherelevantwallthicknessvariesbetween30mmand200mm.

ThematerialgradeslistedinTable5.1-1andTable5.1-2maybeproducedintheas-castorheattreatedcondition(seeEN1563:1997,Clause6andEN13835:2002,Clause6).

bWhenmaterialsspecifiedinthesetablesarenotavailable,othersuitablematerialsmaybeusedwhenthetechnicaldocumentationdefiningthecharacteristicsofthematerialshasbeenacceptedinaccordancewiththerequirementsforEuropeanapprovalformaterials(EAM)orparticularmaterialappraisal(PMA).

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MaterialgradesEN-GJS-350-22-LTorEN-GJS-350-22U-LTcanbeusedatdesigntemperaturesdownto–60°C.Whenusedbetween(-40±2)°Cand(-60±2)°C,impacttestingattheminimumdesigntemperatureshallbe:

⎯meanvaluefrom3tests12Jforeact=60mm;

⎯10Jfor60mm=eact=200mm;

⎯individualvalue9Jforeact=60mmand7Jfor60mm=eact=200mm.

TheapplicablerequirementsforthedeliveryconditionsgiveninEN1559-1:1997andEN1559-3:1997shallalsoapply.

NOTETheuseofmaterialsworkinginthecreepdomainisnotapplicabletothisstandardsincestressrangesarelimitedtoelasticbehaviour.

5.2Design

5.2.1Technicaldocumentation

ThemanufacturershalldocumentthoseitemslistedinClause5ofEN13445-5:2009priortofabrication.

5.2.2Designmethods

.1Principle

TheloadingstobeaccountedforshallbeinaccordancewithEN13445-3:2009,Clause5.

TheserviceconditionsofClause4shallbeaccountedfor.

DesignmethodsshallbeinaccordancewiththisEuropeanStandardand,whenapplicable,withtherelevantclausesofEN13445-3:2009.

IfthegeometryofthecomponentortheloadingcasedonotallowcalculationbytheformulasgiveninEN13445-3:2009andAnnexG,designbyanalysis(DBA)(seeAnnexE)ordesignbyexperiment(DBE)shallbeapplied.

Dependingonthecomplexityofthecomponent,theloadingconditionsandthelevelofNDTtesting,thedesignermaychooseoneofthefollowingavailabledesignmethodsmentionedbelow.Guidanceisgivenonthecorrelationbetweensafetyfactor,testingfactorandthemethodtoassessdynamicloading(seeTable5.2-1).

.2Staticloading

Inordertodesignthepartforstaticloading,thefollowingoptionscanbeconsideredbythedesigner.

.3Designbyformula(DBF)

EquationsforthecalculationofthevariouscomponentsofthepressurepartaregiveninEN13445-3:2009andAnnexG.AnnexGgivesadditionalequationsfornon-standardshapedpartsoftenusedincastingdesign.

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.4Designbyanalysis(DBA)

Thefollowingapplies:

1)decidewhetherthedirectroute(limitload–EN13445-3:2009,AnnexB)orthestresscategorisationmethod(EN13445-3:2009,AnnexC)willbefollowed.Decidewhetherlinearornon-linearapproachwillbeused;

2)basemodellingandinterpretationofcalculationresultsshallbebasedonanalysisthicknesses(ea)andmaterialcharacteristicsatoperationtemperature;

3)forinterpretationofcalculationresults,followtheevaluationproceduresandassessmentcriteriainordertoevaluatethefitnessforpurposeoftherealstructure.Thesedesignchecksandrelatedproceduresaretypicalforthefailuremodetobedealtwith.ForthedifferentfailuremodesseeEN13445-3:2009.

.5Designbyexperiment(DBE)

WheredesignbyequationsaccordingtoEN13445-3:2009isnotconsideredappropriateduetocomplexshapeofthecomponent,thenahydraulicbursttesttodeterminetheanalysisthicknesseaandtheminimumthicknesseminshallbeperformedaccordingtotheprocedurein.6.Thistestisalsoapartofthetechnicaldocumentation.

ThisdesignmethodmaybeusedwithoutadditionalcalculationsifPd·V<6000bar⋅L.

IfPd·V>6000bar⋅Lforthecompletevessel,thismethodcanbeusedinadditiontoDBAorDBF.

Theminimumrequiredthicknessataspecificlocationisgivenby:

aact⎜⎝Pb,act⋅Rp0,2⋅CQ⋅CT⋅Ce⎠⎟(5-1)

e=e⋅⎛⎜S⋅PS⋅Rm(3)⎞⎟1n

emin≥ea+c(5-2)

where

eact.istheminimummeasuredwallthicknessatthespecificlocation;

Rp0,2isinaccordancewithAnnexA;

Pb,actistheactualobtainedvalueofburstpressureorthehighestpressureduringth