2014年电子科技大学考研专业课试题英语水平测试

电子科技大学

2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：621英语水平测试

注:无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效.

PartIReadingComprehension(40points).

Directions:Inthispartthereare5passages,eachwithsomequestionsorincompletestatements.

ReadthemcarefullyandthenchoosefromthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA.B.C.andDto

answerthequestionsorcompletethestatements.PleasewriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

First,theuniversitywilltakeonanevenlargerroleinassistingpre-collegeeducationin

preparingstudentsforstudyandwork.Successoncollegeisgreatlyimpactedbystudentpreparation.

Thus,theuniversitywillneedtotakemoreresponsibilityinguidingtheprocessincollege

preparation.

Partnershipswithcorporationsandbusinesseswillbecomeagreaterpartofuniversity

involvement.The21stcenturywillseeexpansionofpartnershipsofthistypeparticularlywith

researchuniversities.Thesewilltakeondifferentforms.Theywillinvolvecollaborationfor

educationofanolderworkforce,collaborationfororganizationalandprocessimprovementinboth

typesoforganizations,agreementsforspecialconsiderationinstudentrecruitmentandinternships,

andemploymentandfundingbetweenthepartners.Eachwillneedtoundergosomemodificationof

cultureasthesechangesoccur.

Theconvenerroleinvolvesbringingpeopletocampustoaddresscertainimportantissues.It

meansidentifyingexpertsaroundtheworldtojoinwiththoseoncampustoseekunderstandingand

actionsforchange.ThisconferencesponsoredbyPekingUniversityisanexampleoftheconvener

function.Italsoinvolvesbringingpeopletogethertolearnaboutmodernapproachestothelatestand

importantissuesinmanydifferentfields.Thisrolehasbeenservedformanyyearsinagriculture,

educationandengineering.Othersareemerging,andthefuturewillhaveuniversitiesservingeven

broaderrolesasconvenerofexpertsinmanydifferentareas.

Theworldroleforuniversitiesisanotherthatisevolvingrapidly.Itisbeingdrivenby

increasingeaseofcommunicationworldwide,theconnectivityofeconomiesofcountriesaroundthe

world,theopeningupofgreateropportunitiesfortrade,andtheincreasingprevalenceof

multinationalcorporations.

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1.Inwhatwaywilltheuniversityplayalargerroleinthefuture?

A.Helpingstudentsfindjobs.

B.Helpingstudentsprepareforstudyandwork.

C.Arrangingtheprocessofcollegepreparation.

D.Ensuringeverystudentachievessuccessinstudy.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheresearchuniversitiesinthe21stcentury?

A.Theywilloffereducationtoanolderworkforce.

B.Theywillmakeorganizationandprocessimprovement.

C.Theywillmodifytheculturetheyarein.

D.Theywillcollaboratewithcorporationsandbusinessinstudents’employmentandfunding.

3.Thepassageisorganizedby________.

A.makingalistoftherolesplayedbytheuniversityinthe21stcentury

B.comparingandcontrastingseveralrolesplayedbytheuniversity

C.introducingaphenomenonfirstandthenanalyzingitsreasons

D.preparingaproblemfirstandthenitssolutions

Passage2

Eachyearinthenever-endingcycleofdeathandregeneration,therainssweepacrosssouthern

Asia.BetweenJuneandOctoberstrangeseawindssurgeovertheland,drenchingtheearthwith

torrentialdownpours.Thisisthemonsoon—afamiliarwordoftentakentomeanaviolent

windstorm,butinfactreferringtoatumultuousseasonofrecurringrains.

Themonsoonisclosetotheverysoulofthepeopleittouches;itpermeatesthelivesofthe

peopleandaffectseverythingtheydo.Indiaisespeciallydominatedbyit.Forthreemonthsbefore

themonsoonrainsarrive,theheatisintense,unbearable:theearthitselfisdead;farmerscannot

workthestone-hardfields;baresubsistenceisdifficult.Withtherains,everythingsuddenly

changes—Indiaburstsintolifeagain;fieldsthatseemedhopelesslybarrenturngreenandgrow

wildly.

Therichnewseasonisoneofbeauty,buttothepeasantitisabeautyshotthroughwithpossible

disaster.Overflowingwiththegreatrains,theGangesRivermovesrelentlesslytothesea,hiding

beneathitsshiningbutdeceptivecalmthehorroroffieldsandhomesovercomebyflood.Thehorror

offloodandcycloneridesalwayswiththemonsooncloudswhentheycometoredeemtheland.The

peasantshavenoresourcebutresignation.

4.Themonsooniscorrectlydescribedasa________.

A.torrentialdownpourB.violentwindstorm

C.seasonofrecurringrainsD.violentthunderstorm

5.Themonsoonissaidtobe“closetotheverysoulofthepeopleittouches”because________.

A.itplaysasignificantroleinAsianreligionsB.itisdestructive

C.thepeopleareresignedtoitD.itaffectsallaspectsoftheirlives

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6.Thepeasant’sreactiontothemonsoonis________.

A.resignationB.hopethatthenextyearwillbebetter

C.JoyD.relief

7.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotstated?

A.Indiaistheonlycountryaffectedbythemonsoon.

B.Monsoonsseldomaffectpeopleintemperateclimates.

C.Afterthefloodssubside,thegreatheatwillbeginagain.

D.Themonsooncompletelypermeatesthelivesofpeople.

Passage3

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowthe

industrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthor

argues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthe

packing-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.

Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabor

disputes,especiallyinthemid.1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880s

werecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepart

ofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingand

highdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthy

workingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-houses

weredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodore

Rooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthe

packing-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaid

andoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880s,atthelatest,andthe

informationprovidedfromthatdecade,isinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe

1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessanda

massiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenew

availabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofwork

inthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditions

forskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’s

workersfromthe1880sonWhileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothe

strategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess

(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditions

forthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthe

meat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaulty

generalizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsofthe

industrialworldofthepackers—thegiantyardsandtheintricateplants—thanoftheunityand

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vibrancy(活跃)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.

Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectively

confrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood

8.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing________.

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packing

industry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicago

meat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryis

inaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenational

labormovement

9.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedby

Chicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto________.

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodof

timecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthe

meat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsin

themeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplain

adequately

10.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packing

industryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby________.

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

C.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

11.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto________.

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussed

inthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthe

passage

Passage4

IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsucha

glamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthe

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natureofhappiness.

Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshave

littleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatwe

experienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.

Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivities

thathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbring

happiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.

IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappiness

hasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorous

parties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,

celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drug

addiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandless

satisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitment

isinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehas

suchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.

Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunover

painfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Couples

withinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowany

parentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.

Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemost

liberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehoursto

activitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthose

fancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesus

fromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappy

becausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

12.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.

B.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.

C.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.

D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.

13.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplaythatisto________.

A.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun

B.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappiness

C.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlives

D.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties

14.Coupleshavinginfantchildren________.

A.areluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssleep

B.findfunintuckingthemintobedatnight

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C.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem

D.derivehappinessfromtheirendeavor

15.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill________.

A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothers

B.makethebestuseofhistimeincreasinghappiness

C.giveafreehandtomoney

D.keephimselfwithhisfamily

Passage5

Workingoutexactlywhatstudentsandtaxpayersgetforthemoneytheyspendonuniversities

isatrickybusiness.NowtheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD),a

Paris-basedthink-tankforrichcountries,isplanningtomakethetaskabiteasier,byproducingthe

firstinternationalcomparisonofhowsuccessfullyuniversitiesteach.

“Ratherthanassumingthatbecauseauniversityspendsmoreitmustbebetter,orusingother

proxymeasuresforquality,wewilllookatlearningoutcomes,”explainsAndreasSchleicher,the

OECD’sheadofeducationresearch.JustastheOECDassessesprimaryandsecondaryeducationby

testingrandomlychosengroupsofyoungstersfromeachcountryinreadingandmathematics,itwill

sampleuniversitystudentstoseewhattheyhavelearned.Onceenoughuniversitiesaretakingpart,it

maypublishleaguetablesshowingwhereeachcountrystands,justasitnowdoesforcompulsory

education.Thatmayproduceafairerassessmentthanthetwoestablishedrankings,thoughthe

Britishonedoestrytobroadenitsinquirybytakingopinionsfromacademicsandemployers.

ThereismuchtobesaidfortheOECD’sapproach.OfcourseaNobellaureate’sviewonwhere

tostudymaybeworthhearing,butdonsmaybesobusywritingandresearchingthattheyspend

littleornotimeteaching—abigweaknessatAmerica’sfamousuniversities.Andchangesin

methodologycanbringstartlingshifts.Thehigh-flyingLondonSchoolofEconomics,forexample,

tumbledfrom17thto59thintheBritishrankingspublishedlastweek,primarilybecauseitgotless

creditthaninpreviousyearsfortheimpressivenumberofforeignstudentsithadmanagedtoattract.

TheOECDplanawaitsapprovalfromaneducationministers’meetinginJanuary.Thefirst

rankingsareplannedby2010.Theywillbeofinterestnotjustasaguideforshoppersintheglobal

market,butalsoasindicatorsofperformanceindomesticmarkets.Theywillhelpacademics

wonderingwhethertostayputorswitchjobs,studentschoosingwheretospendtheirtimeand

money,andambitiousuniversitybosseswantingasharpercompetitiveedgefortheirinstitution.

ThetasktheOECDhassetitselfisformidable.Inmanysubjects,suchasliteratureandhistory,

thesyllabusvarieshugelyfromonecountry,andevenonecampus,toanother.ButOECD

researchersthinkthatproblemcanbeovercomebyconcentratingonthetransferableskillsthat

employersvalue,suchascriticalthinkingandanalysis,andtestingsubjectknowledgeonlyinfields

likeeconomicsandengineering,withabigcommoncore.

Moreover,saysMr.Schleicher,itisajobworthdoing.Today’srankings,hebelieves,donot

helpgovernmentsassesswhethertheygetareturnonthemoneytheygiveuniversitiestoteachtheir

undergraduates.Studentsoverlooksecond-rankinstitutionsinfavorofbignames,eventhoughthe

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lessgrandmaybebetteratteaching.Worstofall,rankingbyreputationallowsfamousplacesto

coastalong,whilemakinglifehardforfeistyupstarts.“Wewillnotbereflectingauniversity’s

history,”saysMr.Schleicher,“butasking:whatisaglobalemployerlookingfor?”Afairquestion,

evenifnoteverysinglestudent’sdestinyistoworkforamultinationalfirm.

16.TheprojectbyOECDisaimedto________.

A.assessprimaryandsecondaryeducationofeachschoolthatsubscribetotheservice

B.appraisethelearningoutcomesofuniversitystudentsaspartoftheiracademicperformance

C.establishanewevaluationsystemforuniversities

D.setupanewrankingforcompulsoryeducation

17.TheassessmentmethodbyOECDisdifferentfromtheestablishedrankingsin________.

A.thatitsinquiryisbroaderastoincludeallthestudentsandstaff

B.thatitssamplesarechosenrandomlybasedonstatisticalanalysisofmethod

C.thatitattachesmoreimportancetothelearningefficiency

D.thatittakesopinionsfromthestudentstoseewhattheyhavelearnt

18.ThebestuniversitiesintheNobellaureate’seyeare________.

A.thoseambitiousuniversitiesB.thoseofhighreputation

C.thefeistyupstartsD.thosehigh-flyinguniversities

19.BythecaseofLondonSchoolofEconomic,theauthorwantstoshowthat________.

A.theOECD’sapproachisveryfair

B.theNobellaureate’sopinionisnotworthhearing

C.theBritishrankingspaysmoreattentiontotheforeignstudents

D.differentassessmentmethodsmayleadtodifferentrankingresults

20.TheOECD’srankingsystemwillprobablybewelcomedmostby________.

A.thoseambitioussecond-rankinstitutions

B.thefamouscolleges

C.parentswhopayforthechildren’ssecondaryeducation

D.shoppersintheglobalmarket

PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20points)

Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.

ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.PleasewriteyouranswerintheAnswerSheet.

21.Anotherbigissue________thenewrepublicistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.

A.conflictingB.confrontingC.confiningD.confirming

22.Tellingyourdoctoraboutallthemedicinesyoutakemayhelpavoidseriousdrug________.

A.interventionsB.interruptionsC.institutionsD.interactions

23.ItwasMr.Biden’sfirsttriptoChinasincetakingoffice.Hespoke________ofhisfirstvisitto

Chinain1979,whenhewasasenator.

A.nostalgicallyB.melancholyC.calmlyD.skillfully

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24.Hisbookisthecultural________oftheyear.

A.incidentB.accidentC.eventD.affair

25.ThemountaintopprovidesaspectacularviewofInnsbruckandits________.

A.environmentsB.vicinitiesC.circumstancesD.surroundings

26.Financeduringmarriage________isaverybigissueparticularlywithregardstothemortgage

andhouseholdbills.

A.separationB.divisionC.allocationD.detachment

27.Ed’salready________healthdeterioratedafterheleftthehospital.

A.invalidB.faintC.fragileD.crisp

28.Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsand

should________newoperatingprocedures.

A.resultinB.matchwithC.subjecttoD.proceedwith

29.Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof

________.

A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise

30.Ifwe________ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofraw

materials.

A.diffuseB.diminishC.redistributeD.preclude

31.Duringtheracesthereweretwoaccidentstomotor-cyclistsincludingone________accident.

A.fatalB.killingC.deadlyD.deathly

32.BusinesspickedupinthestoresduringDecember,but________againafterChristmas.

A.droppedoutB.droppedonC.droppedoverD.droppedoff

33.Hismisbehaviorand________dismissalfromthefirmwasreportedinthenewspaper.

A.improperB.inefficientC.subsequentD.frequent

34.Everycitizenhasthesacred________todefendhiscountry.

A.rightB.objectiveC.authorityD.obligation

35.Weneedanumbrellaonthebeachtogiveussome________atmidday.

A.shedB.shadeC.shadowD.dark

36.________totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

A.PriorB.CloseC.EarlierD.Next

37.Ifyouareanelectrician,youwillknowthedifferencebetweenanalternatingandadirect

________.

A.conductorB.circuitC.cableD.current

38.Thecompanyhasthe________righttoprintMr.Dare’sbooks.

A.virtualB.exclusiveC.overallD.flexible

39.Diggingthefoundationisthefirst________ofourbuildingproject.

A.solutionB.processionC.phaseD.achievement

40.Thecurtainshave________becauseofthestrongsunlight.

A.fadedB.dulledC.faintedD.weakened

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PartIIICloze(20points)

Directions:FillineachblankwithONEappropriatewordtocompletethepassage.

SectionA:

Whena47-year-oldmanagerattheheadquartersofalargecompany

returnedfromatwo-weekbusiness41,hefoundanothermanseated41.________

inhisoffice,42hisjob.Themanager’sbosshadbeen43witha42.________

newvicepresident,whohadbrought44hisownpeople.43.________

45sixmothstofindanotherjobwithinthecompany,hewentto44.________

workforoneofthesmallerdepartments.Hisnewjobwasademotion,and

hispaywouldbefrozenforthreeyears.45.________

Learningtocopewithcareerdownturnsispartof46theladder46.________

tosuccess.Virtuallyall47peoplehaveexperiencedmajorcareer47.________

setbacks.Herearesomesuggestionsforbouncingback:

Makethe48ofit.Theformermanagerdugintothisnewjob48.________

withtheenthusiasmofapersonwhohasbeengivenanewandpleasantlife,49.________

andwithin18monthshewaspromoted.“I’mhappiertodayasmanagerofa50.________

small,effective49thanIwasworkingattheheadquarters,”hesays.

“Thereis50pressure,andI’mactuallymakingabiggercontribution.”

SectionB:

Ever51humanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseof51.________

various52ofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughts52.________

andfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguage

barrier,communicationiscompletedthroughsignlanguage53which53.________

motions54forletters,words,andideas.Touristsandthepeople54.________

55tohearorspeakhavehadtoturntothisformofexpression.Manyof55.________

thesesymbolsofwholewordsareverylivelyandexactandcanbeused56.________

internationally;spelling,56,cannot.

Bodylanguagesendsideasorthoughtsbycertain57,either

meaningfullyornot.Awinkcanbeawayofshowingthatthepartyisonly57.________

joking.Anodmeansagreement,whileshakingtheheadindicates58.58.________

OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille(a59.________

systemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips),signalflags,Morsecode,and60.________

smokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguideandwarnpeople.

Whilelanguageisthe59commonformofcommunication,other

systemsandtechniquesalso60humanthoughtsandfeelings.

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PartIVParaphrase(20points)

Directions:Paraphrasetheunderlinedparts.

(61)Anyindustrialmanufacturerthathasnotawakenedtothefactthatitmustbecomeaservice

businessisinseriousperiltoday.Sadly,therearemanysuchbusinesses—companiesthatstillthink

ofthemselvesasbuildersofthingsandthatstatetheirgrossmargins,operatingprofits,andothe