【解析】四川省凉山州高三第三次诊断性测试英语试题

凉山州2020届高中毕业班第三次诊断性测试英语试题第I卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上遥录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.谊19.15.B.谊9.18.C.谊9.15.答案是C。.1.Whichcountrydoesthemanplantovisitthisyear?A.Thailand.B.China.C.Russia.2.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Drinkmilk.B.Goshopping.C.Bakebread.3.Howistheweathernow?A.Clear.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.4.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Colleagues.5.Whenshouldthewomanturnright?A.Atthegreensign.B.Aftertwomiles.C.AtJoe'sGarage.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟曰听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍，听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7题6.WhywillFrankgiveupreadingthebook?A.Hefindsitchallenging.B.Hewillgotoaconcert.C.Heisbusywithwork.7.WhenwillFrank'sfriendleaveforLondon?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.听下面一段对话,回答第8和第9题8.Whatarethespeakerspreparingfor?A.Adinner.B.Aparty.C.Ameeting.9.WhatisMariagoingtodorightnow?A.Arrangebuses.B.Sendemails.C.Bookatable.听下面一段对话,回答第10至第12题10.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A.Theyareonvacationnow.B.Thewomandoesn'tliketotravel.C.Theywentonatriplastyear.11.Howlongdoesthetripintheadvertisementtake?A.14days.B.21days.C.28days.12.Whydoesn'tthewomanlikethetripintheadvertisement?A.Shedoesn'tliketoliveontheship.B.Shedoesn'tlikethefood.C.Shepreferstostayinoneplace.听下面一段对话,回答第13至第16题13.HowsoonisthemansupposedtomeetTracy?A.Inaquarter.B.Inhalfanhour.C.Inanhour.14.Whatfilmdoesn'tthewomanlike?A.Horrorfilm.B.Detectivefilm.C.Lovefilm.15.Whatmightthemandotomorrow?A.Gotothestudio.B.Seeafilm.C.Dosomereading.16.Whenwillthewomanknowabouttheman'splan?A.Tonight.B.Tomorrowafternoon.C.Tomorrowmorning.听下面一段独白,回答第17至第20题17.HowlongistheHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge?A.22.9kilometers.B.55kilometers.C.6.7kilometers.18.Whydoesthespeakerthinkthebridgeissignificant?A.Itisthefirstcrossseabridge.B.Itlargelycutsthetraveltime.C.Itonlytookeightyearstoplete.19.Whatisthemostdifficultpartinbuildingthebridge?A.Themainbridge.B.Theartificialisland.C.Theunderseatunnel.20.Whatkindsofvehiclesneedapermittopassthroughthebridge?A.PrivateCars.B.Trucks.C.Shuttlebuses.第二部分阅读理解(共两节袁满分40分)第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选岀最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.ATherearesomeofhistory'smostinspiringandgreatfemaleswhocanbefoundonthepagesofthesenovels.ElizabethBennetCalled"Lizzie"or“Eliza"byherfamilyandfriends,ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroineinJaneAusten's1813novelPrideandPrejudice.She'sthesecondeldestoffivedaughtersintheBennetfamilyand,liketherestofhersisters,sheisexpectedtomarryforstatusandmoney,notforlove.Toremaintrueofherself,shewouldratherremainsingle,aconceptthatwasunheardatthetime.NancyDrewShefirstappearedin1932butremainsoneofthemosticonicfemalecharactersinallofliterature.CreatedbyEdwardStratemeyer,NancyDrewisn'tsimplyaprettygirl.Instead,thebold,physicallystrong,andfiercelyintelligentNancyuseshersuperiorintelligence—notherlooktosolveaseriesofmysteries.JosephineMarchJoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWoman,publishedbyLousiaMayAlcottin1868.Jostruggleswithchallengesfromsociety'sexpectationsofhowwomeninthe19thcenturyshouldcarrythemselves,makingheroneofliterature’smostdaringfemalecharacters.HesterPrynneRecognizedbysomecriticsasoneofthemostimportantcharactersinfemaleliterature,HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne's1850novel,TheScarletLetter.Marriedbutseparatedbydistancefromherhusband,Hesterhasanaffairwithaministerandbeespregnant.1.WhywouldElizabethBennetratherremainsingle?A.Shedoesn'twanttocheatherself. B.Shedoesn'twanttomarryforlove.C.Shewastheeldestdaughterofthefamily. D.Sheistooclever.2.WhatisNancyDrewlike?A.Kind. B.Clever. C.Outspoken. D.Proud.3.Whatistherightorderofthetimethesefemalesappearedinnovels?a.Elizabethb.NancyDrewc.JosephineMarchd.HesterPrynneA.dcab. B.cdba. C.adbc. D.adcb.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【分析】文章是记叙文，介绍了四个在小说中最鼓舞人心、最伟大的女性。【1题详解】细节推理题。根据ElizabethBennet中Toremaintruetoherself,shewouldratherremainsingle,aconceptthatwasunheardatthetime.(为了忠于自己，她宁愿保持单身，这在当时是闻所未闻的想法)可知，ElizabethBennet不想为金钱和地位结婚，不想欺骗自己，所以保持单身。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据NancyDrew中thebold,physicallystrong,andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries.(大胆、身体强壮、聪明的南希利用她优越的智力——而不是她的外表——来解决一系列的谜团)可知NancyDrew勇敢，强壮和聪明，clever是她的一个特征，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroineinJaneAusten's1813novelPrideandPrejudice可知，ElizabethBennet是1813年简奥斯汀小说了的人物；根据NancyDrewShefirstappearedin1932butremainsoneofthemosticonicfemalecharactersinallofliterature.NancyDrew首次出现时1932年；根据JosephineMarch中JoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen,publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.可知JosephineMarch是LouisaMayAlcott在1868年出版的小说LittleWomen中的中心人物；根据HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne's1850novel,TheScarletLetter.可知，HesterPrynne是1850年小说里的人物。综上，故选D。【点睛】细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；文章介绍了四个在小说中最鼓舞人心、最伟大的女性。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；小题4要求按时间排序，根据文中ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroinefromthe1813；NancyDrewfirstappearedinthe1930s；JosephineMarchisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen,publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne’s1850novel.可知每个人物出现的时间排列顺序。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1根据ElizabethBennet中Toremaintruetoherself,shewouldratherremainsingle,aconceptthatwasunheardatthetime.可知ElizabethBennet不想为金钱和地位结婚，不想欺骗自己，所以保持单身。小题2根据NancyDrew中thebold,physicallystrong,andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries.可知NancyDrew勇敢，强壮和聪明，clever是她的一个特征。小题3根据JosephineMarch中JoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen,publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.可知JosephineMarch是LouisaMayAlcott在1868年出版的小说LittleWomen中的中心人物。BWalkdownanyBritishshoppingstreetandyouwillfindshopswithstrangenames.Whyisthebarberscalled"Shearlockbs"?Whyistheopticians(眼镜店)called"Eyediology"?Andwhodecidedtonamethebutchers"Meatyouthere"andthefishandchipshop"ThePlaicetoe"?What'sgoingon?TheBritishlovepuns(双关语)asdomanyothernationalities.Punsarejokesbasedonwordsthatsoundthesame.You'veprobablynoticedthatmanywordsinEnglishwhicharespeltindifferentwaysandhavedifferentmeaningsarepronouncedinthesameway.Thinkaboutthenameoftherestaurant:"plaice"isakindoffish,soourrestaurantis"theplace"toeatfish.Butcherssellmeat——sowe'll"meetyouthere"——andopticianslookafteroureyesinascientificwaysoeyediology(ideology)isanamethatfits.Hairdressersshear(cut)yourlocks(hair)andbit——saythethreewordstogetherquicklyandyouhavethenameofafamousdetective.Inshoptitlesandadverts,punsareusedtogetourattention.Punsareveryold.TheancientEgyptiansandRomanslikedtopun.Shakespeareusesmanypunsinhisplays——KingRichardtheThird(thesonofYork)brings"glorioussummer"——justthinkaboutawordthathasthesamesoundasson.Manypeopleenjoyagoodpun(pun/funforallthefamily!)——othershatethem.Punsaren'treallydesignedtomakeyoulaugh.Herearesomepunsthatmightleaveyouaskingfornomorepuns.HaveyouheardaboutthebearswhovotedintheNorthPole?Orthecheetah(猎豹)whocouldn'tbetrustedatcards?OrhowaboutthecleverlittleAustraliananimalthathadlotsofkoalaificationsorthecamelwithnohumps(驼峰)thatwascalledHumphrey(andsowasfreeofhumps).Punscanbefunny,buttheysometimesmakeimportantpoints.Here'safashiontip:"skinnygenesmakeskinnyjeans":sodon'tworryifyourjeansdon'tfitit'syourfamily'sfault!4.Wherecanyouprobablyenjoyfishandchips,judgingfromthename?A.Shearlockbs. B.Eyediology.C.ThePlaicetoe D.Meatyouthere.5.Whyarepunsoftenusedinshoptitlesandadverts?A.It'salongestablishedtradition.B.Theyhelpcreatearelaxedatmosphere.C.Theyshowtheproductsareofhighquality.D.Theyaregoodforcatchingpeople'sattention.6.Howdoestheauthormakehispointinthetext?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingparisons.C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime. D.Bydescribingcausesandeffects.7.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toparetheuseofpunsindifferentcountries.B.TointroducesomepopularpunsinBritain.C.Tostressitisimportanttounderstandpuns.D.ToexplainwhypunsaremoninBritain.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过举例子来解释为什么“双关语”在英国是随处可见。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Thinkaboutthenameoftherestaurant:"plaice"isakindoffish,soourrestaurantis"theplace"toeatfish.可知，从名字上看，在ThePlaicetoe可以吃到炸鱼和薯条。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Inshoptitlesandadverts,punsareusedtogetourattention.可知，双关语经常用于商店标题和广告中是因为它们能够吸引人的注意。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。纵观全文，再根据第二段中Punsarejokesbasedonwordsthatsoundthesame.You’veprobablynoticedthatmanywordsinEnglishwhicharespeltindifferentwaysandhavedifferentmeaningsarepronouncedinthesameway.“双关语是基于听起来相同的单词的笑话。你可能已经注意到，英语中的许多单词以不同的方式拼写，并且有不同的含义，它们的发音方式是相同的。”然后在下文中就举了很多具体的例子，可以推断出，作者是通过举例子在文章中表明他的观点的。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。文章主要介绍走在任何一条英国的商业街上，你都会发现名字奇怪的商店，这原来是“双关语”的结果。以及其它方面都有一些“双关语”。可知作者是通过举例子来解释为什么“双关语”在英国是随处可见的。故选D。CInanidealworld,wemightbeabletolivefreefromdiscrimination.Butnotthisone,inwhichweareconstantlydividingeverythinginto“us"and“them".Thisisespeciallytrueduringtimesoffear,likenow,whenthenovelcoronavirusisspreadingacrossChinaandtheworld.It'satimewhen“us"meanssafeandcleanwhile“them"meansinfectiousandrisky.Oratleastwe'dliketobelieveso.Butthisisactuallyamisbelief,whichhasbeenfueledandpromotedbyfear,andsadly,themedia.Whentheoutbreakfirststarted,theterm“Wuhanvirus"wasusedinsomenews,creatinghostility（敌意）towardpeoplefromWuhanandHubeiasawhole.TherewerereportsofhotelsrefusingtoacceptguestsfromHubeiandsomehospitalsdeniedtheirentryevenwhentheyneededtreatmentforothermedicalproblems.Elsewhereintheworld,GermanmagazineDerSpiegellabeledthevirusonitscoveras“MadeinChina".Australia'sHeraldSun,meanwhile,printed,“ChinaKidsStayHome"onitsfrontpage,implyingthatallkidsfromChinaarecarriersofthevirus.It'salsoreportedthatChinesepeopleoverseashavefacedharassment（骚扰）andevenviolence.ThiskindofmisbeliefisexactlywhyandwhentheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）wastryingtoeupwithanameforthedisease,ithadtobecareful.“Wehadtofindanamethatdidnotrefertoageographical（地理的）location,ananimal,anindividualorgroupofpeople,"saidTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus,DirectorGeneraloftheWHO,onFeb11.AndCOVID19wasthefinaldecision.Worldleadersandinstitutesarealsosharingsensiblevoices."Thereisnoplaceinourcountryfordiscriminationdrivenbyfearormisinformation,"CanadianPrimeMinisterJustinTrudeausaidataLunarNewYearcelebrationinTorontoonFeb2.CornellUniversityalsosentanemailtostudentsandfaculty,saying,“Weneedtoremembertocareforoneanotherandnotmakeassumptionsaboutothers'symptomsoranycharacteristicsofidentity."It'sunderstandablethatduringtimeslikethis,wewanttogotoextremelengthstomakesurewe'resafe.Butfearisneverpartofthecure.Onlyloveandindependentthinkingtakesyoufurther.8.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraphs3and4?A.Toexplainwhathasbroughtaboutmisbelief.B.Toshowhowsomenewsmediamisledthepublic.C.ToparehowdifferentcountriesrespondedtoCOVID19.D.TopresentwhatChinesepeopleoverseassufferfromCOVID19.9.JustinTrudeauandCornellUniversityarequotedinthetextto.A.showpositiveattitudesinfaceofCOVID19B.explainwhyitisimportanttopreventdiscriminationC.describedifferentopinionsoftheinfluenceofthevirusD.introducemeasurestakenbyforeigncountriestofightCOVID1910.What'stheattitudeoftheauthortowards"discrimination"?A.Neutral. B.Supportive. C.Opposed. D.Unconcerned.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Weshouldalwaysbewillingtocareforothers.B.Fearanddiscriminationareascontagiousasavirus.C.Weshouldn'tletmisinformationinfluenceourownjudgment.D.Themediashouldgivepeopleconfidenceduringtimesoffear.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。新型冠状病毒的爆发使人们存在的偏见或者歧视，短文告诫我们不要让错误的信息影响我们的判断。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Butthisisactuallyamisbelief,whichhasbeenfueledandpromotedbyfear,andsadly,themedia.但这实际上是一种误解，恐惧和悲观的媒体助长了这种误解。由此判断出，第3及第4段的主要目的是展示一些新闻媒体是如何误导公众的。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段1句Worldleadersandinstitutesarealsosharingsensiblevoices.“Thereisnoplaceinourcountryfordiscriminationdrivenbyfearormisinformation,Weneedtoremembertocareforoneanotherandnotmakeassumptionsaboutothers'symptomsoranycharacteristicsofidentity”一些领导人和大学机构也做出了明智的/合情理的发声，“在我们国家不应有因恐惧和错误信息而导致的歧视存在”，我们需要记住互相关心，不要对他人的症状或身份特征做出假设。由此判断出文中引用了特鲁多和康奈尔大学的名言。是为了展示出面对新冠状病毒要表现出积极的态度。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据末段末2句Butfearisneverpartofthecure.Onlyloveandindependentthinkingtakesyoufurther.但是恐惧从来都不是治疗的一部分。只有爱和独立思考才能让你走得更远。由此判断出作者反对这种歧视的作法。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。倒数第二段1句Worldleadersandinstitutesarealsosharingsensiblevoices.“Thereisnoplaceinourcountryfordiscriminationdrivenbyfearormisinformation,”在我们国家不应有因恐惧和错误信息而导致的歧视存在。还有末段末2句Butfearisneverpartofthecure.Onlyloveandindependentthinkingtakesyoufurther.但是恐惧从来都不是治疗的一部分。只有爱和独立思考才能让你走得更远。所以这篇文章的主旨是我们不应该让错误的信息影响我们自己的判断。故选C。DWesaythattechnologyisadoubleedgedswordwhileitbringsconvenience,italsobringsnewproblems.Theswordof“socialmedia”evenhasagenderpreferenceinitsdamage:Itcutsdeeperintogirlsthanboys.Earlierstudieshaveshownthatspendingtoomuchtimeonsocialmediaisbadforteenagers’mentalhealth.Constantlywatchingtheirfriendsshowoff“perfect”livescanhurttheirownselfesteem(自尊).That’snottomentiontheproblemscausedbyonlineshamingandbullying(霸凌).JeanTwenge,aprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityintheUS,recentlydiscoveredanalarmingtrend:Since2010,thenumberofteenagegirlswhosufferfrommajordepression–showingsignslikeselfharmandsuicide(自杀)hasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofboys.InanarticleshewroteatTheConversation,Twengesaidsocialmedia,again,wastoblame.Forstarters,girlsusesocialmediamorethanboys.Boystendtospendtheirscreentimeongames,wheretheytalktotheirteammatesthroughheadphones.Thiscountsasrealhumancontact.Girls,however,simplytypeandbrowsethroughposts,whichisamuchmoreisolated(孤立的)experience.“They’renothavingarealtimeconversationwithsomeone,”MaryFristad,psychologistatTheOhioStateUniversity,toldNPR.Andwhenitestoonlineshaming,girlsarealsomorevulnerablethanboys.“Girlsfacemorepressureabouttheirappearance,whichcouldbeexacerbated(加重)bysocialmedia,”wroteTwenge.ShannonMcLaughlin,forexample,isan18yearoldfromBlackburnCollegeintheUS.ShesharedwiththeGuardianhowsocialmediamadeherfeeldepressed.“Iwasconstantlyconfronted(面对)bywomenwithskinnybodieswhowerepraisedforthewaytheylooked.Thiswasonlymadeworsebythedietfixesandskinnyculture,”shesaid.ButMcLaughlinfoundasolution.ShestartedvolunteeringwiththeNationalCitizenService,whereshemadefacetofacecontactwithpeople.“It’ssoeasytoforgettheimportanceofrealconnectionswhenwehavehundredsofpeoplethatwe’retryingtoimpressatourfingertips,”shetoldtheGuardian.Andshehopesthatothers“lookupfromtheirphonesandfocusmoreontheworldaroundthem”.12.WhatdidTwengefindinherrecentstudy?A.Overuseofsocialmediaharmsteenagers’mentalhealth.B.Socialmediadoesmoreharmtogirlsthanboys.C.Girlssufferedmorefrombullyingthanboys.D.Onlineshamingandbullyingaretoblameforteenagers’depression.13.Whydogirlstendtofeelmoreisolatedthanboysonline,accordingtoMaryFristad?A.Girlshavelessrealtimeinteractionwithpeople.B.Playinggamesallowsboystohavemorefunthangirls.C.Girlssuffermorepressureonsocialmedia.D.Girlsusuallydesiremorecontactwithothers.14Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.adjustingoneselfwell B.fightingbackbravelyC.beingunconcernedaboutsomething D.beinglikelytobeatriskofsomething15.WhatdoesMcLaughlinadviseteenagegirlstodo?A.Ignoresocialmediaandstopfollowingadiet.B.Connectmorewiththerealworld.C.Constantlytakepartinvolunteerwork.D.Makebetteruseofphonesforsocializing.【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在社交媒体方面，女孩子相对于男孩子而言面临更大的压力。研究人员发现自2010年以来，患有严重抑郁症的少女数量的增长速度远远快于男孩。文章分析了这一情况产生的原因以及呼吁青少年们更多地和真实的世界来接触。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中JeanTwenge,aprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityintheUS,recentlydiscoveredanalarmingtrend:Since2010,thenumberofteenagegirlswhosufferfrommajordepression–showingsignslikeselfharmandsuicidehasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofboys.InanarticleshewroteatTheConversation,Twengesaidsocialmedia,again,wastoblame.美国圣地亚哥州立大学教授JeanTwenge最近发现了一个令人担忧的趋势：自2010年以来，患有严重抑郁症（表现出自残和自杀等症状）的少女数量的增长速度远远快于男孩，在她写的一篇文章中，Twenge说社交媒体也是罪魁祸首。可知由此可知，Twenge在她最近的研究中发现过度使用社交媒体会损害青少年的心理健康。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Girls,however,simplytypeandbrowsethroughposts,whichisamuchmoreisolatedexperience.“They’renothavingarealtimeconversationwithsomeone,”MaryFristad,psychologistatTheOhioStateUniversity,toldNPR.可知然而，女孩们只是简单地输入和浏览帖子，这是一种更加孤立的体验。俄亥俄州立大学的心理学家MaryFristad在接受美国国家公共电台采访时表示：“他们并没有和某人进行实时对话。”由此可知，在网上，女孩比男孩更容易感到孤立是因为女孩与人的实时互动较少。故选A。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文Girlsfacemorepressureabouttheirappearance,whichcouldbeexacerbatedbysocialmedia可知女孩们在外貌方面面临更多压力，社交媒体可能会加剧这种压力。故可推知在网络羞辱方面，女孩也比男孩更容易受到伤害。故划线单词意思为“有可能面临某事的危险”。故选D。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’ssoeasytoforgettheimportanceofrealconnectionswhenwehavehundredsofpeoplethatwe’retryingtoimpressatourfingertips,”shetoldtheGuardian.Andshehopesthatothers“lookupfromtheirphonesandfocusmoreontheworldaroundthem”.可知她在接受《卫报》采访时表示：“当我们试图用指尖去打动数百人的时候，很容易忘记现实联系的重要性。”她希望其他人“放下，更多关注身边的世界”。由此可知，McLaughlin建议主张女孩子们需要多走进真实的世界，面对面的和人打交道。故选B。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用referto,becalled或that'stosay,suchas等。②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。③语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。④语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第三小题，根据下文Girlsfacemorepressureabouttheirappearance,whichcouldbeexacerbatedbysocialmedia可知女孩们在外貌方面面临更多压力，社交媒体可能会加剧这种压力。故可推知在网络羞辱方面，女孩也比男孩更容易受到伤害。故划线单词意思为“有可能面临某事的危险”。故选D。第二节（共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项遥选项中有两项为多余选项LifeLessonsEveryoneLearnstheHardWayNomatterhowmuchwetrytobeintellectual,lifehasitsownwaysofteachingusthevaluablelessons.Thoughinitiallywearehurtandveryshocked,weeventuallylearnfromthoseexperiences,andmature.___16___Andwelearntobealwaysoptimisticandhappywiththewayitis.Lyingisharmful.Everyoneatsomepointinlifemusthavedefinitelyrealizedthatlyingisaverydangerousthingforthemind,whichultimatelyaffectshealth,too.Lyingmakesamanlosethetrustofothers.___17___Sometimesmovingonistheonlyoption.Somethingsareverydeartous,andwecan'timaginelifewithoutthoseactivitiesorpeople.Butsometimes,circumstancesandsituationsarrangeinsuchawaythatitisbettertoleavesomethingandmoveahead.___18___Attimes,itisbettertomoveonwiththememories,ratherthanstaythereandliveinablankspacewithnopossiblefuture.___19___Intheraceofbeingaperfectionistandanidealgrownup,everymistakemittedbyusbeesamistakeinourmindsandwebeeannoyedwithourselves.Itisrightlysaid,"Toerr（(犯错)）ishuman."Weareallhumans,sonobodyknowseverything,anditisfinetoforgiveourselvesforthethingsthatwentwrong.___20___A.Itisnaturaltomakemistakes.B.Happinessisthecareofeverything.C.Itiswrongifsomethingsdon'tworkout.D.Weunderstandthatlifeisbeautifulwithitsownflaws（瑕疵）.E.Andhewouldfinallyloseconfidenceandtrustonhisownself.F.Everythinghasitstenure（保有期限）,anditisthebeautyofit.G.Whatweshoulddoistrytoavoidrepeatingthemordoinganywrongintentionally.【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.A20.G【解析】这是一篇说明文。每个人都经历过惨痛的教训。我们学会保持乐观和快乐的生活方式。文章教你如何面对惨痛的教训。【16题详解】根据上文提示“虽然一开始我们很受伤，很震惊，但最终我们从这些经历中学习，变得成熟。”再根据下文提示“我们学会保持乐观和快乐的生活方式。”承接上下文，D项Weunderstandthatlifeisbeautifulwithitsownflaws（瑕疵）.（我们明白，生活是美丽的，但有它的缺陷。）切题。故选D。【17题详解】根据上文提示“说谎使人失去别人的信任。”承接上文，E项Andhewouldfinallyloseconfidenceandtrustonhisownself.（他最终会对自己失去信心和信任。）切题。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文提示“但有时候，环境和情况的安排会让我们更好地放下一些事情，继续前进。”再根据下文提示“有时，与其呆在那里，生活在一个没有可能的未来的空白空间里，还不如带着记忆继续前进。”承接上下文，F项Everythinghasitstenure（保有期限）,anditisthebeautyofit.（任何东西都有它的使用期限，这就是它的美妙之处。）切题。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文提示“在成为完美主义者和理想成年人的竞赛中，我们犯下的每一个错误都会成为我们头脑中的一个错误，我们对自己感到厌烦。”承接下文，A项Itisnaturaltomakemistakes.（犯错误是很自然的。）切题。为本段标题。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文提示“我们都是人，所以没有人知道所有的事情，原谅自己做错的事情是好的。”承接上文，G项Whatweshoulddoistrytoavoidrepeatingthemordoinganywrongintentionally.（我们应该做的是尽量避免重复它们或故意做任何错误的事情。）切题。故选G。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.Manyofushavecharacteristicsingfromourfamilies.Maybewehaveourfather'seyesorgrandmother'shaircolor.Buttherearestillotherelementsofourpersonalitiespickedupby___21___ourparents,suchasourmother'sloveofcleaningorourdad's___22___ofhumor.Researcherslearnthereareusuallythreekindsofpeoplefromtheir___23___.Thefirstkindofpeoplearethejoboriented（以求职为目的的）who___24___toregardajobassimplyawaytomakemoney.They___25___toworkingdayafterdayanddon'tthinkitinterestingforthemtodoanythingelse.Ifyouhaveajoborientedfather,youmay___26___workthisway.However,you'llnot___27___holdtheviewpointifyougrowupclosetoyourjoborientedmother.Thesecondarethecareerorientedwhoseetheirjobsasaplacetogain___28___.Theydon'tmindworkingovertime.Infact,some___29___theirjobssomuchthattheyarefeelingmorefortableinthe___30___thanathome.Theyarealways___31___ofmakingprogressintheirwork.Beingclosetoacareerorientedfather___32___you'llcarryonyourfather's.___33___enough,havingamotherwiththisviewpointseemstohavelittle___34___.Thethirdarethecallingorientedwhoconsidertheirjobsasawaytohavea___35___effectontheworld.Theyaremore___36___improvingtheworldaroundthemthan___37___alargesalary.Thesepeopleusuallyefromhomes___38___bothparentshaveabilities.This___39___thatadolescentsneedthesupportofbothparentsinordertohavetheconfidence.Thegoodnewsiswestillhaveour___40___tofindacareerthatsuitsus.21.A.inviting B.nursing C.protecting D.modeling22.A.scene B.sense C.right D.gift23.A.study B.university C.academy D.classroom24.A.attempt B.manage C.tend D.offer25.A.aresupposed B.areopposed C.lookforward D.arelinked26.A.view B.think C.believe D.imagine27.A.frequently B.constantly C.probably D.potentially28.A.explanations B.expressions C.directions D.achievements29.A.addict B.value C.devote D.contribute30.A.club B.office C.cinema D.pub31.A.sad B.curious C.proud D.afraid32.A.equals B.means C.demands D.shows33.A.Worriedly B.Surely C.Carefully D.Strangely34.A.influence B.evidence C.justice D.performance35.A.negative B.side C.bad D.positive36.A.disappointedat B.concernedabout C.puzzledat D.confusedat37.A.paying B.raising C.earning D.making38.A.where B.whose C.which D.that39.A.suggests B.insists C.remends D.convinces40.A.advice B.difference C.change D.choice【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.C26.A27.C28.D29.B30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.D36.B37.C38.A39.A40.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出一项研究将人们按照工作观念分为三种类型：以求职为目的、以事业为目的、以使命感为目的，而持不同观念的人都会或多或少影响到自己的下一代。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是还有其他一些元素是来自于我们对父母的模仿。A.inviting邀请；B.nursing照顾；C.protecting保护；D.modeling模拟，模仿。结合文段的主题——家庭的遗传和继承，显然这里指我们通过模仿父母、以父母为榜样发展了一些性格特征。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就比如我们母亲对清洁的嗜好，或者父亲的幽默感。A.scene场景，现场；B.sense感觉，感官；C.right权利；D.gift礼物，天赋。这里举例说明性格特征，应该用senseofhumor表示幽默感。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现一般可以把人分为三种。A.study学习，研究；B.university大学；C.academy学院；D.classroom教室。分析句子可知，这里的their应该指researchers研究人员，这一结论是从他们的研究中得出来的，要用study表示“研究”。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一种人是以求职为目的的，他们倾向于把工作仅视为一种赚钱的手段。A.attempt企图，试图；B.manage管理，设法；C.tend趋向，照料；D.offer提供。这里进一步解释以求职为目的的人的特点，会有这样的偏好、倾向。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们期待着日复一日的工作，对其他事没有任何兴趣。A.aresupposed被期望，应该；B.areopposed反对；C.lookforward期待；D.arelinked与……有关联。从该句中刻画出的“工作狂”形象不难推断，他们对工作是满怀期待的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你的父亲就是这样以求职为目的的人，那么你很可能也是这么对待工作的。A.view观察，查看；B.think认为；C.believe相信；D.imagine想象。与下一句的viewpoint对应，这里指父亲的工作观念可能会影响子女产生相同的观念，也就是如何看待工作。故选A项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你是在工作狂母亲身边长大的话，可能就不会持这种观念了。A.frequently频繁地；B.constantly不断地；C.probably可能，或许；D.potentially潜在地。有how