![香港卫生署 2021防痨及胸肺科服务年报_第1页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view4/M02/2B/0A/wKhkGGZKDdGAeYCwAABfzSY5KrQ434.jpg)
![香港卫生署 2021防痨及胸肺科服务年报_第2页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view4/M02/2B/0A/wKhkGGZKDdGAeYCwAABfzSY5KrQ4342.jpg)
![香港卫生署 2021防痨及胸肺科服务年报_第3页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view4/M02/2B/0A/wKhkGGZKDdGAeYCwAABfzSY5KrQ4343.jpg)
![香港卫生署 2021防痨及胸肺科服务年报_第4页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view4/M02/2B/0A/wKhkGGZKDdGAeYCwAABfzSY5KrQ4344.jpg)
![香港卫生署 2021防痨及胸肺科服务年报_第5页](http://file4.renrendoc.com/view4/M02/2B/0A/wKhkGGZKDdGAeYCwAABfzSY5KrQ4345.jpg)
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
AnnualReport
Tuberculosis&ChestService
2021
DepartmentofHealth
HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion
CONTENT
-i-
ChapterPage
I.Preface
1
II.Tuberculosis&ChestService
7
III.TuberculosisinHongKong
9
Appendix1TBNotification&DeathRateofTuberculosis(AllForms)from1947-202110
Appendix2TBNotificationRate(AllForms)from1951-2021
12
Appendix3CrudeDeathRateduetoTuberculosis(AllForms)from1910-2021
13
Appendix4(a)Tuberculosis(AllForms)NotificationandRatebySexandAge202114
Appendix4(b)PulmonaryTuberculosisNotificationbySexandAge2021
15
Appendix4(c)PulmonaryTuberculosisNotificationRatebySexandAge2021
16
Appendix5TuberculosisNotificationRatebySexandAge2011,2020and202117
Appendix6NotificationofTBbyTBTypes,SexandAge2021
18
Appendix7Tuberculosis(AllForms)DeathsandRatebySexandAge2021
19
Appendix8TuberculosisMortalityRatebySexandAge2011,2020and2021
20
Appendix9TuberculosisDeathsbyTBTypes,SexandAge2021
21
Appendix10TuberculosisMortalityfrom1950-2021
22
Appendix11TopTenCausesofDeathinHongKong2021
24
Appendix12(a)SourcesofTuberculosisNotificationfrom2011-2021
25
Appendix12(b)BreakdownofTuberculosisNotificationfromH.A.Hospitals2021
26
Appendix13
TuberculosisNotificationandNotificationRatebyDistrictCouncil
Districts2021
27
Appendix14
EstablishmentandStrengthofTuberculosisandChestService
28
Appendix15
TotalAttendanceatChestClinicsfrom2011-2021
29
Appendix16
NumberofDoctorSessions,CasesSeenbyDoctorandPatient/Doctor
Session2021
30
Appendix17
DiagnosisandCharacteristicsofPatientsAttendingChestClinics2021
31
Appendix18(a)
ClassificationofDiseasesofFirstAttendersin2021accordingtoInternational
32
ClassificationofDiseasesCode
Appendix18(b)CharacteristicsofActiveRespiratoryTuberculosisinFirstAttendersatChest33
Clinicsfrom2019-2021
Appendix19(a1)RateofDrug-resistantTuberculosis:Amongcasesregisteredduringtheperiod34
JanuarytoDecember2021(DatafromPHLC)
-ii-
ChapterPage
Appendix19(a2)RateofDrug-resistantTuberculosis:Amongcaseswithdateofstarting35
treatmentduringtheperiodJanuarytoDecember2021
Appendix19(b1)Trendofanti-TBdrug-resistancefrom2002-202136
Appendix19(b2)TrendofOverallanti-TBdrug-resistancefrom2002-202137
Appendix19(c)MDR-TBandXDR-TBfrom2011-202038
Appendix19(d)RevisedDefinitionofExtensivelyDrug-resistantTuberculosissince202139
Appendix20(a)TreatmentReturn2021–ServiceRegimen
40
Appendix20(b)
TreatmentReturn2021–OtherRegimens
41
Appendix21(a)
SchemeforInvestigationofCloseContacts(Household)inthe
Tuberculosis&ChestService,DepartmentofHealth
45
Appendix21(b)
Figure1:Generalschemafortargetedscreeningofhouseholdcontactsof
smear-positivepulmonaryTBpatients
Figure2:Targetedscreeningofhouseholdcontactsagedbelowoneyear
Figure3:Targetedscreeningofhouseholdcontactsagedbetween1to11
46
47
48
Appendix21(c)
ExaminationofContactsintheChestClinics2021
49
Appendix22(a)SchemeforBCGAdministrationinHongKong2021
50
Appendix22(b)BCGVaccinationsatBirth2021
51
Appendix23TuberculosisandChestBedsinPublicServices2021
52
Appendix24AnnualAdmissionstoChestHospitalsfromGovernmentChestClinics53
2012-2021
Appendix25HIVSurveillanceAmongTBPatients
54
Appendix26Numberof‘Confirmed’casesofTBinHealthCareStaffNotifiedtoLabour55
Department1999-2021
Appendix27TreatmentoutcomesofCohortsofTBPatients
56
IV.Pneumoconiosis
57
Appendix1NewCasesofSuspectedPneumoconiosis/Mesotheliomaattendingthe58
PneumoconiosisClinicinHongKong1956-2021
Appendix2AgeDistributionofPneumoconiosisPatientsconfirmedin2021
60
Appendix3
OccupationDistributionofPneumoconiosisPatientsconfirmedin2021
61
Appendix4
PneumoconiosisPatientsconfirmedin2021byDurationofExposuretoDust
61
Appendix5
PneumoconiosisPatientsconfirmedin2021byDegreeofIncapacity
62
CONTENT
-iii-
ChapterPage
Appendix6PneumoconiosisPatientsconfirmedin2021ClassifiedbyRadiological63
Appearance
Appendix7HistoryofTuberculosis(TB)amongPatientswithPneumoconiosis64
confirmedin2021
Appendix8PneumoconiosisPatientsconfirmedin2021byOtherParticulars
64
ADDENDUM
65
V.Otherfindings
66
Annex1(a)TBAmongChineseNewImmigrants
67
Annex1(b)TBNotificationsandEstimatedRateAmongChineseNewImmigrants68
bySexandAgefrom2017-2021
Annex2(a)TBNotificationsandRate(AllCases)bySexandAgefrom2017-202169
Annex2(b)Trendofage-specificTBNotificationRatefrom1970-2021
70
Annex3TB-HIVRegistry
71
Annex4CrudeandStandardisedDeathRateandNotificationRate2001-202176
Annex5HBsAgSeroprevalenceSurveyAmongTBPatientsSeenatChest
77
Clinics2021
Supplement78
—NotificationFormofTBunderthePreventionandControlofDisease
Ordinance(Cap.599)–DH1A(s)(Rev.Jul2008)
—DenotificationFormofTB
—NotificationFormofOccupationalDiseasesundertheOccupationalSafety
andHealthOrdinance(Cap.509)–LD483(Rev.8.2.2005)
—ProgrammeRecordForm–DH2417
I.Preface
GlobalEpidemiology
Tuberculosis(TB),alongstandinginfectiousdiseasethataffectspeopleirrespectiveofageandsex,iscurableandpreventable.In2021,itwasestimatedthat10.6millionpeoplefellillwithTB,including6millionmen,3.4millionwomenand1.2millionchildren.Forthemortality,atotalof1.6millionpeoplediedfromTB(including187000peoplewithHIV).Worldwide,TBisthe13thleadingcauseofdeathand
thesecondleadinginfectiouskillerafterCOVID-19.
In2021,thelargestnumberofnewTBcasesoccurredintheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)South-EastAsianRegion,with45%ofnewcases,followedbytheWHOAfricanRegion,with23%ofnewcasesandtheWHOWesternPacificwith18%.The30highTBburdencountriesaccountedfor87%of
newTBcases.
Regardingtheissueofmultidrug-resistantorrifampicin-resistantTB(MDR/RR-TB),itremainedtobeapublichealththreat.WHOupdatedthedefinitionofextensivelydrug-resistantTB(XDR-TB)in2021toTBcausedbyMycobacteriumtuberculosisstrainsthatfulfillthedefinitionofMDR/RR-TBandthatarealsoresistanttoanyfluoroquinoloneandatleastoneadditionalGroupAdrug(Bedaquilineorlinezolid).Globally,71%ofpeoplediagnosedwithbacteriologicallyconfirmedpulmonaryTBweretestedforrifampicinresistance.Amongthe2.4millioncasestested,141953cases(5.9%)ofMDR/RR-TBand25038cases(1.0%)ofpre-XDR-TBorXDR-TBweredetected.ItisestimatedthatonlyaboutoneinthreepeoplewithMDR/RR-TBreceivedtreatmentin2021.TheTBoutcomedatashowedaworldwidetreatmentsuccessrateofMDR/RR-TBpatientstobe60%in2019cohort.Bedaquiline-basedandalloral
regimensweremorewidelyadoptedbymostcountries.
TheEndTBStrategydefinesmilestonesasa35%reductioninthenumberofTBdeathsanda20%reductionintheTBincidenceratecomparedwithlevelsin2015.Thesemilestonessetfor2020havenotyetbeenreachedeithergloballyorinmostWHOregionsandcountries.TheoccurrenceofCOVID-19
pandemichassignificantlyhinderedtheprogressinreducingtheglobalburdenofTBdisease.
Localepidemiology
InHongKong,thenumberofTBnotificationsin2021was3716,andtheTBnotificationratewas50.1per100000.Thecorrespondingfiguresin2020were3656and48.9per100000.TBdeathsaccountedfor0.33%ofthetotalregistereddeathsinHongKongandstayedoutsidethetoptencausesof
deathin2021.ThedropinTBnotificationratein2020ascomparedwith2019withasubsequentrisein
TBnotificationsin2021waslikelyattributedtoCOVID-19pandemicwhichhadanimpactonTBdiagnosis
andtreatment.Asimilartrendwasalsoobservedworldwide.
Withthesuccessfulimplementationofpassivecase-finding,rapiddiagnosis,timelyinitiationofeffectiveanti-TBtreatmentanddirectlyobservedtreatment(DOT)inanambulatoryoutpatientsetting,theTBnotificationratedecreasedfromahistoricalpeakof697.2per100000in1952to50.1per100000in2021.InHongKong,theTBnotificationratedeclinedmoreslowlyinrecentyearsbecauseoftheageingpopulationandreactivationofTBfromthispooloflatentinfection.TacklingthechallengeofanageingpopulationappearstobeakeystepinfurtherreducingthelocalTBnotificationandTBdeathrates.Thelocalpreventivetreatmentfortargetedhouseholdcontactshasbeenextendedtothoseageunder65.However,despiteanincreasedaccessibilityofdiagnostictoolsinscreeninglatentTBinfection(LTBI)andtheheightenedawarenessoftheroleofpreventivetreatment,treatmentofLTBIisstillhamperedby
clients’acceptanceandanyadverseeventssuchashepatotoxicityinparticularamongtheolderagegroup.
ChallengesonTBControl
TheeffectofCOVID-19pandemicandvaccination
Inearly2020,theCOVID-19outbreakwasdeclaredaPublicHealthEmergencyofInternationalConcernbytheWHO.Alotofthemedicalresourceswereshiftedtocombatthisnovelcoronavirus.Thedailyactivitiesandthehealthseekingbehaviorofmostpeoplewerechanged.WiththeintroductionofCOVID-19vaccinesinHongKonginearly2021,peoplegraduallyresumedtheirdailyactivities.ThesechangeswerereflectedbytheincreasednumberofattendanceandtheslightriseinTBnotification
in2021.
AgeingPopulation
ThepopulationinHongKongrosefrom6.73millionto7.40millionfrom2001to2021.Ofwhich11.4%and20.2%wereaged65orabovein2001and2021respectively.Itisprojectedthatmorethanaquarterofthelocalpopulationwillbe65oraboveby2030.TheTBnotificationrateofthoseaged75orabovewerearound3timesthatofthegeneralpopulation.TheaverageageoftheTBdeathswas74.7in2021withmorethanthree-quartersofmortalitybeing65yearsoldorabove.ManagementofTBinelderlyischallengingastheyhave,ingeneral,morecomorbidities.Itisalsowellknownthattheymayexperienceadverseeffectssuchashepatotoxicitymorecommonlyduringanti-TBtreatment.Closemonitoringof
anyside-effectsduringtreatmentisofparamountimportance.
Co-morbiditiesofTBpatients
Diabetesmellitus(DM)hasbeenrecognizedasthemostcommonTBcomorbidityinHongKong.ApreviouslocalstudyshowedthatDMpatientshadmoreextensivedisease,moreadverseeffectsfromtreatmentandlowersuccessratesascomparedwithnon-diabeticpatients.DMcontrolisanimportantfactoraffectingtheresponsetoanti-TBtreatment.ApartfromDM,HIVinfectionisanotherriskfactorforthedevelopmentofTB.In2021,theprevalenceofHIVco-infectionamongourTBpatientsremainedlowat0.9%.Inourservice,DMscreeningandHIVtestingareroutinelyofferedtoTBpatientsattending
chestclinics.
Multidrug-resistantandextensivelydrug-resistanttuberculosis
WHOimplementednewdefinitionsofpre-XDRandXDR-TBwitheffectfromJanuary2021onwards.Pre-XDR-TBisdefinedasTBcausedbyMycobacteriumtuberculosisstrainsthatfulfillthedefinitionofMDR/RR-TBandthatarealsoresistanttoanyfluoroquinolone,whereasXDR-TBisTBcausedbyMycobacteriumtuberculosisstrainsthatfulfillthedefinitionofMDR/RR-TBandthatarealsoresistanttoanyfluoroquinoloneandatleastoneadditionalGroupAdrug(CurrentGroupAdrugsarelevofloxacinormoxifloxacin,bedaquilineandlinezolid).Withalltheefforts,in2021,therateofMDR-TBinHongKongwaskeptatlowlevelat0.66%ofallcultureconfirmedTBcases.Therewasnocaseofextensivelydrug-resistantTB(XDR-TB).OwingtothetravelrestrictionsduringCOVID-19pandemic,theproblemofpopulationmovementandthepotentialcross-bordertransferofdrug-resistantTBwasnotsignificantin
2021.Yet,continuousvigilanceontheearlydiagnosisandtreatmentofdrug-resistantTBisimportant.
WayForward
Surveillanceandearlydetectionofdrug-resistantTB
ClosecollaborationwiththePublicHealthLaboratoryServicesBranchtomonitorthelocaldrugresistancepatternandregularreportingandsharingofdatawithWHOareimportantstrategiestomonitorthetrendofdrugresistanceinHongKongandourneighbouringcountries.TheDepartmentofHealthofHongKongSARwillcontinuetoobservethetrendofdrugresistanceratesandenhancethesurveillance.MoleculartestsforrapiddiagnosisofTBanddetectionofdrugresistanceamongsputumsmear-positivecasesandselectedsmear-negativecasesbeforetheavailabilityofculture-baseddrugsusceptibilityresults
areusefulwaysforearlydetectionandeffectivecontrolofdrug-resistantTB.
Effectiveanti-tuberculosistreatment
Effectivefirst-lineanti-TBtreatmentunderdirectlyobservedtherapyremainstobethecornerstoneofTB
control.Fordrug-resistantTB,thedevelopmentofnewdrugsandtheintroductionofrepurposedagents
inrecentyearsarebringingnewhopetothetreatmentofMDR-TBandXDR-TB.Since2019,therehasbeenanincreasinguseofbedaquiline,linezolidandclofazimineinadditiontolevofloxacinandcycloserineasthecompositionoftheindividualizedlongerMDR-TBregimenfortreatmentofMDR-TB.In2020,WHOrecommendedanewshorterall-oralbedaquiline-containingregimenof9-12monthsforaselectedgroupofMDR/RR-TBpatientswhohavenofluoroquinoloneresistanceandwithoutpreviousexposuretosecond-linedrugs(includingbedaquiline)forpatientswithMDR-TB.However,patient’stoleranceoftheshortregimenisstillachallenge.ForpatientswithMDR/RR-TBandadditionalfluoroquinoloneresistance,anew6-9monthsregimencomposedofbedaquiline,pretomanidandlinezolid(BPaL)hasbeen
conditionallyrecommendedunderoperationalresearchconditionsonly.
Thein-patientmanagementofMDR-andXDR-TBissupportedbythechestunitsoftheGranthamHospitalandKowloonHospitalwhicharethetwodesignatedhospitalunitsunderHospitalAuthority(HA)forhospitalizationofMDR-andXDR-TBpatients.CloseliaisonwiththeHAcolleaguesismaintainedand
biweeklyjointcaseconferencesareconductedtofacilitatethemanagementofthesedifficultcases.
TuberculosisPreventiveTreatment(TPT)forLTBI
Targetedscreeningoffourmainhigh-riskgroupsisconductedlocally.Theyarehouseholdcontactsofsputumsmear-positivepatients,peoplewithsilicosis,peoplelivingwithHIVandpatientsinitiatinganti-tumournecrosisfactor(TNF)biologics.Tuberculinskintest(TST)and/ortheinterferongammareleaseassays(IGRA)arethescreeningtestsdeployed.ForTPT,six-to-nine-monthIsoniazid,12-weekweeklyrifapentineplusisoniazidregimengivenundersupervisionand4-monthrifampicinaretheregimenscommonlyoffered.ThecompletionrateofTPTrangedfrom80%toover90%withahighercompletion
rateamongcasesontheshorterTPTregimens.
NeonatalBCGvaccination
NeonatalBCGisroutinelygiveninHongKongatbirthwithahighcoveragerateof99.1%in2021.Ontheotherhand,theBCGrevaccinationprogrammeforprimaryschoolchildrenhasbeenstoppedsince
theschoolyearstartingfromSeptember2000.
Publichealthfunction
Inrecentyears,theDepartmentofHealthhasenhanceditspublichealthfunctionbysteppingupitslocalenforcementmeasurestocontainthespreadofTBwithinourcommunity.Fornon-compliantTBpatientsposingpublichealthhazards,wemayneedtoissuemedicalexaminationordersorisolationorderswithreferencetothePreventionandControlofDiseaseOrdinance(CAP599).Theyareoftentakenasalast
resortwhenallothernon-coercivemeasuressuchascounselling,educationandpsychosocialsupportfail.
Cross-jurisdictionnotificationhasalsobeenenhancedwhenmanagingTBcasesleavingHongKong.
Collaborationwithotherresearchparties
Tuberculosis&ChestService(TB&CS)hasbeenactivelycollaboratingwithotherlocalandoverseashealthauthoritiesandacademicsinconductingstudiesandresearcheswithanaimtofurtherimprovetheTBmanagement.CollaborationwithlocalexpertswasmadetoreviewinternationalguidelinesandlocalTBsituations.LocalguidelinesformanagementofLTBIinhouseholdcontacts,patientswithsilicosis,peoplelivingwithHIVandpatientsonanti-TNFbiologicswerepublishedinTB&CSwebsite.Inaddition,
regularacademicactivitieswereorganizedwiththehealthauthoritiesintheMainlandChinaandMacao.
HealthPromotion
Promotionofsmokingcessation
ThelinkbetweensmokingandTBhaslongbeenreported.StudiesshowedthattobaccosmokingincreasedtheriskofTBinfectionanddisease,negativelyinfluencedtheresponsetotreatmentandalsoincreasedtheriskofrelapse.IncollaborationwiththeTobaccoandAlcoholControlOffice,verybrief
adviceonsmokingcessationareactivelypractisedwhenservingclientsattendingchestclinics.
WorldTBDayandcommunitysupport
MeasurestoraisethepublicawarenessofTBandtomobilizesupportfromthecommunityareofgreatimportancetothesuccessofTBcontrol.Ithasbeenachievedthroughschooleducationandpublichealthtalks.DespitetheCOVID-19pandemic,aseriesofactivitieswereconductedtoechotheWorldTBDayof24March2021.ActivitiesincludedupdatingTBinformationonTB&CSwebsite,launchinganAnnouncementforPublicInterest(API)onTV,radio,andothermediaandpromotingtheWorldTBDay
viatheRTHKradioprogramme“Healthpedia”andanarticleinahealthcolumnofalocalnewspaper.
Withalltheseactivities,itishopedthatthehealthcareworkers,thepublicandallotherstakeholderswould
beabletojoinhandstofightagainstthisendemicdisease.
II.Tuberculosis&ChestService
Approximately80%ofnotifiedTBcasesaremanagedintheGovernmentTB&CS.In2021,atotalof56229persons(including9066newpatients)attendedchestclinicsandthetotalattendancewas525930.Thecorrespondingfiguresin2020were57022and427969.Theslightlyriseintotalattendancewas
attributedtoagradualresumptionofnormalactivitiesaftertheimplementationofCOVID-19vaccination.
ThediagnosesamongnewpatientsincludedactivepulmonaryTB(21.7%),activeTBofotherforms(8.0%),inactiveTB(2.1%),CXRscreeningandcontactexamination(31.2%),bronchitisnotspecifiedasacuteorchronic(1.3%),acuterespiratoryinfectionandpneumonia(2.4%),malignantneoplasmoftracheaandbronchus(0.8%)andotherrespiratorysymptomsordiseases(10.1%).Atotalof919hospitaladmissions
werearranged.
ForthePneumoconiosisClinic(theClinic),itcontinuedtoprovideafullrangeofoutpatientservicestopatientswithsuspectedorconfirmedpneumoconiosisandmesothelioma.ApartfromsupportingtheoperationofPneumoconiosisMedicalBoard(theBoard)inassessmentaspectunderthePneumoconiosisandMesothelioma(Compensation)Ordinance(theOrdinance),theClinicalsoprovidesservicesaddressingthepatients’diversifiedneedsintermsoftreatment,preventionandrehabilitation.In2021,124caseswithsuspectedpneumoconiosisormesotheliomawereexaminedbytheBoardundertheOrdinance,and93newpatients(67casesofsilicosis,6casesofasbestos-relatedlungdisease,19casesofmesotheliomaand1caseofbothasbestosisandmesothelioma)wereconfirmedbytheBoard.Uptotheendof2021,atotalof5363patientshadbeenconfirmedbytheBoardashavingpneumoconiosisand/ormesothelioma
undertheOrdinancewiththedateofdiagnosisonorafter1January1981.
III.TuberculosisinHongKong
Appendix1TBNotification&DeathRateofTuberculosis(AllForms)from1947-2021
Year
TBNotifications
Notification
Rate(3)
Numberof
Death(4)
Death
Rate(5)
Ratio(6)
(Death/
Notifications)x
100%
Number
Vietnameserefugees(1)
Chinese
immigrants(2)
1947
4855
-
-
277.4
1861
106.3
2.6
38.3
1948
6279
-
-
348.8
1961
108.9
3.2
31.2
1949
7510
-
-
404.4
2611
140.6
2.9
34.8
1950
9067
-
-
405.3
3263
145.9
2.8
36.0
1951
13886
-
-
689.0
4190
207.9
3.3
30.2
1952
14821
-
-
697.2
3573
168.1
4.2
24.1
1953
11900
-
-
530.7
2939
131.1
4.1
24.7
1954
12508
-
-
528.9
2876
121.6
4.4
23.0
1955
14148
-
-
568.1
2810
112.8
5.0
19.9
1956
12155
-
-
464.9
2629
100.6
4.6
21.6
1957
13665
-
-
499.4
2675
97.8
5.1
19.6
1958
13485
-
-
472.5
2302
80.7
5.9
17.1
1959
14302
-
-
482.0
2178
73.4
6.6
15.2
1960
12425
-
-
405.5
2085
68.0
6.0
16.8
1961
12584
-
-
397.2
1907
60.2
6.6
15.2
1962
14263
-
-
431.5
1881
56.9
7.6
13.2
1963
13031
-
-
380.9
1762
51.5
7.4
13.5
1964
12557
-
-
358.3
1441
41.1
8.7
11.5
1965
9927
-
-
275.9
1278
35.5
7.8
12.9
1966
11427
-
-
314.8
1515
41.7
7.5
13.3
1967
15253
-
-
409.7
1493
40.1
10.2
9.8
1968
9792
-
-
257.5
1483
39.0
6.6
15.2
1969
11072
-
-
286.5
1470
38.0
7.5
13.3
1970
10077
-
-
254.5
1436
36.3
7.0
14.3
1971
9028
-
-
223.2
1250
30.9
7.2
13.9
1972
8420
-
-
204.2
1312
31.8
6.4
15.6
1973
8152
-
-
192.2
1154
27.2
7.1
14.2
1974
8320
-
-
190.0
974
22.2
8.5
11.7
1975
8192
-
-
183.6
646
14.5
12.7
7.9
1976
7928
-
-
175.5
568
12.6
14.0
7.2
1977
7191
-
-
156.9
532
11.6
13.5
7.4
1978
6623
-
-
141.9
420
9.0
15.8
6.3
1979
7907
(498)
-
160.4
523
10.6
15.1
6.6
1980
8065
(712)
-
159.3
551
10.9
14.6
6.8
1981
7729
(254)
-
149.1
489
9.4
15.8
6.3
1982
7527
(112)
-
143.0
454
8.6
16.6
6.0
1983
7301
(73)
-
136.6
446
8.3
16.4
6.1
1984
7843
(69)
-
145.3
420
7.8
18.7
5.4
1985
7545
(59)
580
138.3
409
7.5
18.5
5.4
1986
7432
(46)
544
134.5
407
7.4
18.3
5.5
1987
7269
(41)
495
130.3
405
7.3
18.0
5.6
1988
7021
(121)
433
124.8
388
6.9
18.1
5.5
1989
6704
(226)
387
117.9
403
7.1
16.6
6.0
1990
6510
(288)
341
114.1
382
6.7
17.0
5.9
1991
6283
(281)
293
109.2
409
7.1
15.4
6.5
1992
6534
(309)
264
112.6
410
7.1
15.9
6.3
1993
6537
(264)
89
110.8
396
6.7
16.5
6.1
1994
6319
(230)
87
104.7
409
6.8
15.5
6.5
1995
6212
(175)
102
100.9
418
6.8
14.9
6.7
1996
6501
(88)
162
101.0
292
4.5
22.3
4.5
1997
7072
(34)
156
109.0
252
3.9
28.1
3.6
1998
7673
(7)
169
117.3
270
4.1
28.4
3.5
1999
7512
(5)
166
113.7
312
4.7
24.1
4.2
2000
7578
(7)
152
113.7
299
4.5
25.3
4.0
2001
7262
(0)
192
108.2
311
4.6
23.4
4.3
Appendix1TBNotification&DeathRateofTuberculosis(AllForms)from1947-2021cont'd
Year
TBNotifications
Notification
Rate(3)
Numberof
Death(4)
Death
Rate(5)
Ratio(6)
(Death/
Notifications)x
100%
Number
Vietnameserefugees(1)
Chinese
immigrants(2)
2002
6602
(0)
186
9
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 产业研究报告-2025年中国绿色产业园行业发展现状、市场规模、投资前景分析(智研咨询)
- 2025年中国肉羊养殖行业投资方向及市场空间预测报告(智研咨询发布)
- 在市国动办(人防办)2025年春节节后收心会上的讲话
- 二零二五年度离婚财产分割执行及子女抚养费支付合同
- 弥散性血管内凝血DIC课件
- 第6课 古代人类的迁徙和区域文化的形成 【知识精研】高二历史下学期历史统编版(2019)选择性必修3文化交流与传播
- 《时尚北京》杂志2024年第8期
- 第2章小专题(三)速度的计算(习题)-2020秋八年级教科版物理上册
- 税法(第5版) 课件 第13章 印花税
- 《车辆保险与理赔》课件
- 人教版初二上册期末数学试卷带答案
- 高考一轮复习《文学类文本阅读(小说)》教案
- 2023供热管道光纤监测系统技术规程
- 空间向量求线面角
- 阅读与思考圆锥曲线的光学性质及其应用课件
- 试产到量产项目转移清单
- 葛传椝向学习英语者讲话
- 6人小品《没有学习的人不伤心》台词完整版
- 高考英语3500单词表(带音标)(乱序版)默写背诵通用版
- 最终稿(教学评一致)课件
- 每个孩子都能像花儿一样开放
评论
0/150
提交评论