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必修第三册Unit3
Theworldofscience英语通词句基础自测教材单词[必背写作词汇]1.
v.射出(光线等),放射
2.
n.渴望,欲望
3.
adj.被动的
4.
prep.无法……
5.
n.例子,实例
6.
adj.非凡的,出色的
7.
adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
shoot
desire
passive
beyond
instanceextraordinary
brilliant
8.
n.药剂;疗法
9.
v.起草,草拟
10.
n.(科学)实验
11.
n.记述,描述
curedraft
experimentaccount
[识记阅读词汇]1.gunpowdern.
2.compassn.
3.virtualadj.
4.batteryn.
5.computev.
6.stuffn.
7.chemistn.
8.astronomern.
9.biologistn.
10.minoradj.
火药指南针,罗盘虚拟的,模拟的电池计算东西,物品化学家天文学家生物学家小的11.originn.
12.speciesn.
13.streamn.
14.radiumn.
15.lightningn.
16.fictionn.
17.metaln.
18.flashn.
19.conductv.
20.gravityn.
21.proceduren.
起源,起因物种小河,小溪镭(一种化学元素)
闪电虚构的事,想象的事金属闪光传导(热、电)
重力,引力程序,步骤,手续[构织连脉词汇]1.______________v.按→______________n.压力;挤压;压迫(感)
2.______________adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的→______________n.灵活性;弹性;适应性
3.______________adj.有能力的→______________n.才能,能力
4.______________adj.重要的,影响深远的→______________n.意义;意思;重要性
5.______________v.使受伤,弄伤→______________n.伤害;损害→______________adj.受伤的
6.______________adj.精确的→______________n.精确;准确→______________adv.准确地;精确地
presspressureflexibleflexibilitycapablecapabilitysignificantsignificanceinjureinjuryinjuredaccurateaccuracyaccurately7.______________adj.小的→______________n.少数;少数民族
8.______________n.起源,起因→______________adj.原来的
9.______________n.学说,理论→______________adj.理论的,理论上的→______________adv.理论地;理论上
10.___________adj.精神的;精神健康的→__________adv.精神上,心理上
11.______________n.声明,宣告→_____________vt.宣布;声明;表明;宣称
12.______________v.系,绑;贴→______________adj.依恋的,附属于
13.______________adj.科学(上)的→______________adv.科学地→______________n.科学→______________n.科学家
14.______________n.证明,证据→______________v.证明是;被发现是
minorminorityoriginoriginaltheorytheoreticaltheoreticallymentalmentallydeclarationdeclareattachattachedscientificscientificallysciencescientistproofprove常用短语1.
除此之外,另外
2.
被固定/附在……上
3.
发生
4.
有能力做某事
5.
以……开始
6.
毫无疑问,很可能
7.
此刻,目前
inaddition
beattachedto
takeplace
becapableofdoingsthstartwith
nodoubtatthemoment
8.
导致
9.
与……一起
10.
除……之外
11.
死于
12.
得出结论
13.
不止一个,很多
leadto
alongwith
apartfrom
diefrom
drawaconclusion
morethanone重点句型1.Andnow,wefind
ourselves
in
the
great
new
age
of
technology.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】find+宾语+宾语补足语2.More
than
one
generation
of
schoolchildren
has
beenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】“morethanone+单数可数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用单数而现在,我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。
数代学生都叹服于他的勇气与追求真理时采用的科学方法。
3.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthat
it
hit
him
on
the
head.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】that引导同位语从句事实上,不止一种说法表明,虽然牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明苹果击中了他的头部。提能力增分课堂◎核心词汇突破1.capable
adj.有能力的【归纳】(1)be
capable
of
(doing)sth有能力(做)某事(2)capability
n.能力,才能have
the
capability
to
do
sth/of
doing
sth有做某事的能力【佳句】Ibelievesheis
capable
oftakinggoodcareofherself.我相信她有能力照顾好自己。【练会】单项填空①I’mperfectlycapableof
itmyself.
A.do B.doesC.did D.doing②Thesetestsarebeyondthe
ofanaveragetwelve-year-old.
A.thought B.behaviorC.capability D.imaginationDC【写美】一句多译·背诵③有了新机器,我们终于有能力把工作做好了。→Withthenewmachineswe
thejobwell.(capable)
→Withthenewmachineswe
thejobwell.(capability)
arefinallycapableofdoingfinallyhavethecapabilitytodo/ofdoing2.desire
n.渴望,欲望
v.渴望;期望【归纳】(1)have
a
desire
to
do
sth/for
sth渴望做某事/得到某物(2)desire
to
do
sth渴望/希望做某事desire
that...(should)
do
sth渴望……做某事【点津】desire后接宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
that引导同位语从句【佳句】It’sourdesire
thatyou(should)providesomemoneyforourprogram,aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions.
我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金,也提供一些实用的建议。【练会】单项填空①(2019·全国Ⅲ卷改编)Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesire
thetradition.
A.changes B.tochangeC.changing D.changed②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp
tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.
A.given B.isgivenC.begiven D.togiveBC【写美】完成句子·背诵③既然你渴望学习中国文化,我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。Since
,IthinkBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityisanidealplaceforyou.(应用文写作之建议信)
youhaveastrongdesiretolearnChineseculture3.injure
v.使受伤,弄伤【归纳】(1)injury
n.伤害,损害(2)injured
adj.受伤的the
injured伤员【佳句】Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带,我就会受伤了。【练会】单项填空①Awar
hasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning.
A.wound B.injuryC.destruction D.damage②Aftertheaccident,
injuredweretakentoseveralnearbyhospitals.A.a B.anC.the D./【写美】句式升级·背诵③Myleftfootwasseriouslyinjured,soIcouldn’tgowithyouasplanned.→
,Icouldn’tgowithyouasplanned.(with复合结构)
BCWithmyleftfootseriouslyinjured4.cure
n.药剂;疗法
v.治愈,治好(病人或动物)【归纳】cure
sb
of
sth治好某人的病;矫正某人的不良行为a
cure
for
...……的疗法【佳句】Therefore,weshouldcureusofthehabitthatweonlyconsultconsumptionratingswhenwegoshopping.因此,我们应该改掉购物时只参考消费排名的习惯。【练会】单项填空①Aftergraduation,absorbedinstudyingtraditionalChinesemedicine,shewantedtofind
cureformalaria.
A.a B.an C.the D./②ProfessorWangsaysthereasonofshortsightednessiscomplicatedandthatthereisstillnoexcellentcure
it.
A.to B.forC.on D.aboutAB【写美】完成句子·背诵③在父母和老师的帮助下,我改掉了一些坏的学习习惯,在学习上取得了进步。Withthehelpofmyparentsandteachers,I__________________________________________andmadeprogressinmystudy.
curedmyselfofsomebadlearninghabits5.attach
v.系;绑;贴;与……有关联;把……附(在……上)【归纳】(1)attach
sth
to
sth把某物系/贴到某物上attach
oneself
to
sb和某人缠在一起attach
importance/significance
to认为……重要/有意义(to为介词)(2)attached
adj.喜爱的;依恋的;附属的be
attached
to依恋;爱慕;留恋;附属于【点津】attach...to...中的to为介词,其后跟名词、动词-ing形式等。【练会】单项填空①Theresearchunit
totheuniversity.
A.attach B.attachedC.attaches D.isattached②Sheshowedspecialconcernforthecollegestudentsandattachedmuchsignificance
educatingthem.
A.on B.forC.to D.by【写美】完成句子·背诵③众所周知,中国人非常重视餐桌礼仪。Asisknowntoall,Chinesepeople
tablemanners.(写作话题之餐桌礼仪)
DCattachgreatimportance/significanceto6.in
addition除此之外,另外【归纳】(1)in
addition
to除……之外,还……(=as
well
as=besides)except除……外(其余都)apart
from除……之外(2)additional
adj.额外的,附加的(3)additionally
adv.另外,此外【点津】inaddition相当于一个副词,表示递进关系,后面用逗号。inadditionto是一个介词短语,后面接名词、动词-ing形式。【练会】单项填空①Inadditionto
forknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.
A.reading B.readC.reads D.beingread②(2019·全国Ⅲ卷改编)
,sittingonthegrassandenjoyingthetastyfoodanddrinksprovidedbysponsors,wewillbefullyabsorbedintheattractiveandfascinatingperformances.
A.Originally B.AdditionallyC.Accidentally D.Recently【写美】完成句子·背诵③你需要钱和时间,此外还需要努力。Youneedmoneyandtime;
,youneedhardwork.
ABinaddition/additionally7.in
terms
of
谈及;在……方面;就……而言【归纳】in
the
short
term从短期来看;就眼前来说in
the
long
term从长远来看be
on
good
terms
with与……关系良好come
to
terms
with...妥协;对……让步【佳句】In
terms
ofworkingexperience,Ihaveagreatadvantagethanothers.从工作经验来讲,我比其他人有很大的优势。【练会】单项填空①
thelongterm,drinkingheavilycauseshighbloodpressure.
A.For B.SinceC.In D.At②(2021·全国乙卷改编)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothin
ofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics.
A.way B.termsC.spite D.supportCB【写美】完成句子·背诵③如果你能给我提供一些如何与室友保持良好关系的建议,我将不胜感激。Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowto
.(应用文写作之求助信)
beongoodtermswithmyroommates★补遗缺
微点练全Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境写出句中黑体词的词性和含义1.account①Iwillopenanaccountinthebank.
②I’mwritingtogiveyouadetailedaccountofmytrip.
③Canyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight?
④TheJapanesemarketaccountsfor35%ofthecompany’srevenue.
n.账户
n.描述
v.解释
v.占(比例)2.flash①Lightningflashedinthedistance.
②Hisnamewasflasheduponthescreen.
③Aterriblethoughtflashedthroughmymind.
④Thecountrysideflashedpastthetrainwindows.
⑤Flashesoflightwerefollowedbyanexplosion.
v.闪光
v.(使)闪现,显示
v.突然想到;猛然想起
v.飞速运动;掠过
n.闪光
Ⅱ.单项填空3.
theory,thesemachinesshouldlastfortenyearsormore.
A.On B.ByC.In D.With4.Thereareanumberofimprovements;
instance,bothmousebuttonscannowbeused.
A.for B.withC.at D.belowCA◎重点句型透视find+宾语+宾语补足语【教材原句】Andnow,wefind
ourselves
in
the
great
new
age
of
technology.而现在,我们发现自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。【归纳】“find+oneself+宾语补足语”指不知不觉地发现自己处于某种状态。常表示意料之外的情况。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词充当。【佳句】Whenhewokeup,hefound
himself
in
hospital.当他醒来时,发现自己在医院里。【练会】单项填空①Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound
inthekitchen.
A.smoke B.tosmokeC.smoking D.smoked②Sadly,shefoundherself
inanunhappymarriage.
A.trapping B.trappedC.beingtrapped D.totrap【写美】完成句子·背诵③使她欣喜若狂的是,她发现自己一夜成名了。Toherwildjoy,she
overnight.
CBfoundherselffamous研真题链接高考(2019·全国Ⅲ卷,完形填空)——科技发展与信息技术创新ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March—
41
sixmonthsoutoftheyear.
“Ofcourse,we
42
itwhenthesunisshining,”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis
43
,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona
44
day.”
Butthat
45
whenasystemofhigh-tech
46
wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents(居民)ofRjukan
47
theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto
48
.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat
49
themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe
50
andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown’scentral
51
,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight
52
,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.
“Peoplehavebeen
53
thereandstandingthereandtaking
54
ofeachother,”Rosays.“Thetownsquarewastotally
55
.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.”The3,500residentscannotall
56
thesunshineatthesametime.
57
,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown’s
58
residents.
“It’snotvery
59
,”shesays,“butitisenoughwhenweare
60
.”
理清脉络
真题再做41.A.only
B.obviouslyC.nearly D.precisely42.A.fear B.believeC.hear D.notice43.A.empty B.blueC.high D.wide44.A.cloudy B.normalC.different D.warm45.A.helped B.changedC.happened D.mattered46.A.computers B.telescopesC.mirrors D.cameras47.A.remembered B.forecastedC.received D.imagined48.A.repair B.riskC.Rest D.use49.A.forbids B.directsC.predicts D.follows50.A.day B.nightC.month D.year51.A.library B.hallC.square D.street52.A.appeared B.returnedC.faded D.stopped53.A.driving B.hidingC.camping D.sitting54.A.pictures B.notesC.care D.hold55.A.new B.fullC.flat D.silent56.A.block B.avoidC.enjoy D.store57.A.Instead B.HoweverC.Gradually D.Similarly58.A.nature-loving B.energy-savingC.weather-beaten D.sun-starved59.A.big B.clearC.cold D.easy60.A.trying B.waitingC.watching D.sharing41.C
解析:根据上文提到的from
late
September
to
mid-March可知,Rjukan有将近(nearly)六个月接受不到阳光照射。only“唯一的;仅有的”;obviously“明显地”;precisely“精确地;恰好地”。42.D
解析:根据下文中的“We
see
the
sky
is...”可知,当太阳照耀的时候,居民们注意到(notice)了这一点。fear“畏惧;害怕”;believe“相信”;hear“听到”。故选D项。43.B
解析:当太阳照耀时,天空是蓝色的(blue);但在山谷中,天空就暗下来了。44.A
解析:根据上文中的“but
down
in
the
valley
it’s
darker”可知,此处表示就像是阴天(cloudy)一样。normal“正常的”;different“不同的”;warm“温暖的”。45.B
解析:根据下文中的“their
very
first
ray
of
winter
sunshine”可知,Rjukan的居民们享受到了第一缕暖阳,近半年得不到太阳照射的现象得以改变(changed)。46.C
解析:根据下文中的“The
mirrors
are
controlled
by
a
computer
that...”可知,小镇安装了高科技的反射镜(mirror)系统。computer“电脑”;telescope“望远镜”;camera“照相机”。47.C
解析:根据下文中的“their
very
first
ray
of
winter
sunshine”可知,小镇装上了高科技反射镜系统,居民们得以接收到了(received)冬季第一缕阳光的照射。48.D
解析:根据上文中的“A
row
of
reflective
boards
on
a
nearby
mountainside”可知,反射板被用来反射阳光,此处用固定搭配put...to
use,意为“利用……”。故选D项。49.B
解析:根据上文可知,这些反射镜由一台电脑控制,电脑可根据太阳位置的变化,指挥(directs)反射镜旋转。50.A
解析:电脑根据一整天(throughout
the
day)中太阳位置的变化,指挥反射镜旋转,以有效反射附近山峰上的太阳光。night“夜晚”;month“月份”;year“年”。51.C
解析:根据下文中的“The
town
square
was
totally
.”可知,此处指反射镜系统将集中的光线反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上,形成近600平方米的光区。
52.A
解析:根据上文中的“creating
an
area
of
sunlight
roughly
600
square
meters”可知,当光线出现(appeared)的时候,小镇居民从四周聚集而来。return“返回”;fade“褪去,失去光泽”;stop“停止”。53.D
解析:根据上文可知,居民聚集到广场,或坐(sitting),或站,互相拍照。54.A
解析:见上题解析。take
pictures“拍照”;take
notes“记笔记”;take
care“照顾”;take
hold“抓住”。55.B
解析:根据下文中的“I
think
almost
all
the
people
in
the
town
were
there.”可知,来到广场上的居民很多,因此整个广场是满的(full)。56.C
解析:根据上文可知,广场上的人很多。由此可推测,3,500位居民无法同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block“阻止;阻塞”;avoid“避开,避免”;store“贮存”。57.B
解析:根据下文中的more
than
enough可知,此处表示转折,因此选B项,意为“然而”。instead“代替”;gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;similarly“相似地;类似地”。58.D
解析:根据上文可知,居民近半年时间享受不到阳光照射,所以此处表示渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民。59.A
解析:根据上文以及下文中的but
it
is
enough可知,反射过来的阳光面积并不大(big)。60.D
解析:此处表示虽然阳光面积不大,但也足够居民们分享(sharing)。try“尝试”;wait“等待”;watch“观看”。语言能力1.掌握构词知识词根派生词性及词义例句
situated
ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March—nearlysixmonthsoutoftheyear.situateadj.位于;坐落在
2.猜测生僻词词义Wednesday,residentsofRjukanreceivedtheirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputtouse.
3.牢记熟词生义单词词性及词义例句introduce
Butthatchangedwhenasystemofhigh-techmirrorswasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaksintothevalleybelow.光线
vt.推行;实施;采用
4.仿写经典句型Theyreflectaconcentratedbeamoflightontothetown’scentralsquare,creating
an
area
of
sunlightroughly600squaremeters.仿写:他卖掉了农场,从而获得了足够的旅行费用。Hesoldhisfarm,thus
forhisjourney.
gainingenoughmoney5.破解复杂句式Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthatdirectsthemtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.分析:句子主干为
;that
directs
them
to
turn
along
with
the
sun
throughout
the
day
and
to
close
during
windy
weather为
语从句,修饰先行词
,其中to
turn
along
with
the
sun
throughout
the
day
and
to
close
during
windy
weather为
语,补充说明宾语them,them指代的是
。译文:Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputer定
acomputer宾语补足
themirrors这些镜子由一台电脑控制,电脑会指挥它们全天随太阳转动,并在刮风的天气关闭。测效果课堂评价Ⅰ.熟词生义1.flexible项目意义例句熟义adj.
Dancersandgymnastsneedtobeveryflexible.生义adj.
Ourplansneedtobeflexibleenoughtocaterfortheneedsofeveryone.易弯曲的,柔韧的
能适应新情况的;灵活的
2.stuff项目意义例句熟义n.
Thechairswerecoveredinsomesortofplasticstuff.生义v.
Allthedrawerswerestuffedfulloflettersandpapers.3.stream项目意义例句熟义n.
Therewasastreamattheendofthegarden.生义v.
Tearsstreamingdownhisface.东西,物品
塞满,装满
小河,小溪
流;流出Ⅱ.单项填空A组
基础必练1.Iwasexhausted,bothphysicallyand
.
A.mentally B.biologicallyC.strongly D.heartily2.Theyquestionedthe
oftheinformationinthefile.
A.belief B.knowledgeC.accuracy D.activity3.
,wehadintendedtogotoItaly,butthenwewonthetriptoGreece.
A.Eventually B.OriginallyC.Suddenly D.InstantlyACB4.Oneday,whenIopenedmybook,Ifoundabeautifulcard
thefirstpage,givingmebestwishes.
A.attachingto B.attachedtoC.attachedwith D.attachingwith5.Youwill
succeedinyourscientificresearchbymakinggreatefforts.
A.byaccident B.bydesignC.nodoubt D.nowonder6.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,
regardedasoneofthebestall-roundformsofexe
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