适用于新高考新教材天津专版2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit6Disasterandhope课件外研版

必修第三册Unit6

Disasterandhope英语通词句基础自测教材单词[必背写作词汇]1.

n.灾难,灾祸

2.

v.发生

3.

v.预测,预报

4.

v.攫取,抓住

5.

v.营救,解救

6.

n.紧急情况,不测事件

7.

v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)

8.

n.危机

disaster

occur

forecast

grab

rescue

emergencyclaim

crisis

9.

adv.什么地方都不,无处

10.

adv.否则,要不然

11.

n.子夜,午夜

12.

adj.足够的,充足的

nowhere

otherwise

midnight

sufficient[识记阅读词汇]1.tuben.

2.plusadj.

3.hurricanen.

4.landsliden.

5.tsunamin.

6.typhoonn.

7.blizzardn.

8.avalanchen.

9.satelliten.

管子(用于数字后面表示)多,余飓风山崩,滑坡海啸台风暴风雪雪崩人造卫星

10.billionnum.

11.lapn.

12.helicoptern.

13.mosquiton.

14.countyn.

15.propertyn.

十亿(坐着时的)大腿部直升机

蚊子(美国等国家的)县;(英国的)郡所有物,资产,财产[构织连脉词汇]1.______________v.(火山)爆发,喷发→______________n.(火山)爆发

2.______________adv.即刻,马上→______________adj.立即的,立刻的

3.______________n.通告,公告→______________v.宣布;通告→______________n.播音员;广播员

4.______________adj.可信赖的,可靠的→______________v.依靠;依赖

5.______________v.威胁到,危及→______________n.威胁

6.______________adv.精确地,准确地→_____________adj.精确的,准确的

erupteruptionimmediatelyimmediateannouncementannounceannouncerreliablerelythreatenthreatpreciselyprecise常用短语1.

拿起,拾起;接电话;(偶然)学会;(开车)接人;

改善,好转

2.

果然

3.

与……相比

4.

一群

5.

浏览,迅速查看

6.

遗漏,不包括

7.

朝……前进,向……去

8.

包含,包括;由……组成

9.

突然,忽然

pickup

sureenough

comparedto

acrowdoflookthrough

leaveout

headfor...

consistofallofasudden

10.

注意查看,留心

11.

来来回回,上上下下

12.

在户外,在室外

13.

继续(做某事)

14.

还没有

15.

及时赶到……

lookoutfor

upanddown

intheopenairkeepon(doingsth)

haveyetto

makeitto

重点句型1.Oneveryhotsummer,thesunreflectedoffitandmeltedcarsparked

below!【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】过去分词(短语)作定语2.Whenithitthecoast,hugetidalwavescausedsevereflood,costing

the

lives

of

up

to

300,000

citizens.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】动词-ing形式短语作结果状语一个非常炎热的夏天,太阳光反射过来,熔化了停在下面的汽车!当它袭击海岸时,巨大的海啸引起了严重的洪水,多达30万市民丧生。提能力增分课堂◎核心词汇突破1.occur

v.发生;出现;存在于【归纳】

sth

occur(s)

to

sb某人突然想起某事it

occurs

to

sb

that...某人突然想起……it

occurs

to

sb

to

do

sth某人想到要做某事【点津】(1)occur是不及物动词,所以不能带宾语,也不能用于被动语态。(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母,即occurred。(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有:①sthhits/strikessb②Ithits/strikessbthat...【佳句】

强调句型It

occurs

to

me

that

itisourchildrenwhoteachuswhatlifeis.

我突然想到是我们的孩子教会了我们什么是生活。【练会】单项填空①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷改编)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthat

billionsofyearsago.

A.occurred B.occurringC.occurs D.beingoccurred②Formanypeople,theideaofrescuingfromthedisasterhasneveroccurred

them.

A.on B.ontoC.to D.with③Itneveroccurredtoher

anyoneforhelpwhenshewasintrouble.

A.toask B.asking C.asked D.asksACA【写美】词汇升级/一句多译·背诵④WhenIgothome,IsuddenlyrememberedthatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.→WhenIgothome,

thatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.

⑤我从来没想过你能说服他改变主意。→

youcouldpersuadehimtochangehismind.(occur)

→

youcouldpersuadehimtochangehismind.(hit)

→

youcouldpersuadehimtochangehismind.(strike)

itoccurredtomeItneveroccurredtomethatItneverhitmethatItneverstruckmethat2.announcement

n.通告;公告;宣告【归纳】(1)make

an

announcement发布通告(2)announcer

n.播音员,广播员(3)announce

vt.宣布;通知;声称announce

sth

to

sb向某人宣布某事It

is/was

announced

that...据宣布……announce

that...宣布……;通知……【练会】单项填空①Today’s

ofapeaceagreementcameafterweeksofdiscussion.

A.announcement

B.proofC.surrounding

D.experience②Thegovernmentyesterdayannounced

themediaplanstocreateamillionnewjobs.

A.for B.beforeC.to D.of【写美】完成句子·背诵③据宣布,将有新的限速规定出台。

newspeedrestrictionswouldbeintroduced.

ACItwasannouncedthat3.reliable

adj.可信赖的,可靠的【归纳】rely

on依赖;依靠;信赖rely

on

sb

to

do

sth指望/相信某人会做某事rely

on

(doing)

sth依赖/信任/指望(做)某事rely

on

it

that...相信……;指望……【点津】在relyonitthat...结构中,it作形式宾语,that引导真正的宾语从句。类似的还有:①dependonitthat...放心……/请相信……②takeitforgrantedthat...认为……是理所当然的③appreciateit+if...如果……,将不胜感激④like/hateit+when...喜欢/痛恨……的时候【练会】单项填空①(2019·北京卷改编)Somestudentsdon’thavea

car,whileothershavetosharevehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.

A.relying B.reliedC.reliable D.reliesC【写美】完成句子/一句多译·背诵②如今一些父母为他们的子女做了一切,这让孩子们严重依赖父母。Nowadayssomeparentshavedoneeverythingfortheirchildren,

.(写作话题之家庭生活)③你可以相信,你有困难时我会帮助你。→Youcan

whenyouareintrouble.→Youcan

whenyouareintrouble.

→Youcan

whenyouareintrouble.

whichmakesthechildrenrelyontheirparentsbadlyrelyonmetohelpyourelyonitthatIcanhelpyourelyonmyhelpingyou4.claim

v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)n.声明;宣称;断言;索赔【归纳】(1)claim

to

do

sth/that...主张做某事/声称……claim

to

have

done

sth声称做过某事It

is

claimed

that...有人主张……;据说……claim

sth

from...向……索要某物(2)make

a

claim

for

sth

对某事提出要求【佳句】Thecompanyclaims(that)itisnotresponsibleforthepollutionintheriver.公司声称对该河流污染没有责任。【练会】单项填空①Sheclaimeddamages

thecompanyfortheinjuryshehadsuffered.

A.through B.byC.to D.from②Doctorsclaimed

acureforthedisease.

A.discovering B.todiscoverC.discovered D.tohavediscovered【写美】完成句子·背诵③据说有些医生一周工作80个小时。

somedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.

DDItwasclaimedthat5.threaten

v.威胁到,危及【归纳】(1)threaten

sb

with...用……威胁某人threaten

to

do

sth威胁要做某事threaten

that...威胁……(2)threat

n.威胁;恐吓【佳句】Thetrafficissuenotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。【练会】单项填空①Davidthreatened

hisneighbourimmediatelytothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.

A.toreport B.reportingC.reported D.report②Heisunlikelytobe

threattotheSpanishplayerinthefinal.

A.a B.an C.the

D./【写美】句式升级·背诵③Hewasthreatenedbyterroristsanddidn’tdaretovoteforthepresident.→

,hedidn’tdaretovoteforthepresident.(过去分词短语作状语)

AAThreatenedbyterrorists6.keep

on

(doing

sth)继续(做某事)【归纳】keep

up坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)keep

up

with赶上;不落在后面keep

away

from(使)不接近;(使)远离keep

in

mind记住【练会】单项填空①Neverkeepon

ifyouhaveeventheslightestchestpain.

A.toexercise B.exercisingC.exercise D.beingexercised②Jack’shavingtroublekeepingup

therestoftheclass.

A.to B.withC.before D.above【写美】词汇升级·背诵③Alwaysrememberthatyoucan’tbetootalkativewhenyouareeating.→Always

thatyoucan’tbetootalkativewhenyouareeating.

BBkeepinmind★补遗缺

微点练全Ⅰ.一词多义——根据语境写出句中黑体词的词性和含义1.shelter①Humanbeingsneedfood,clothingandshelter.

②Peopleweredesperatelyseekingshelterfromthestorm.

③Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.

④Weshelteredfromthetraininadoorway.

n.居所;住处n.遮蔽物,庇护处

v.保护;掩蔽

v.躲避

Ⅱ.单项填空2.Thelifeboatrescuedthesailors

thesinkingboat.

A.to B.atC.from D.by3.Thecharityaimstoprovideassistance

peopleinneed.

A.with B.forC.to D.onCB◎重点句型透视1.过去分词(短语)作定语【教材原句】Oneveryhotsummer,thesunreflectedoffitandmeltedcarsparked

below!一个非常炎热的夏天,太阳光反射过来,熔化了停在下面的汽车!【归纳】(1)单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时,通常置于被修饰词之前,但修饰代词时,需要置于被修饰词之后。过去分词短语作定语要后置,放在被修饰词之后。(2)过去分词作定语,相当于一个定语从句,但它比定语从句更简短。(3)一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式,由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语,所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成,而没有被动意义。【练会】单项填空①Mostpeople

tothepartywerehisoldschoolmates.

A.wereinvited B.invitedC.inviting D.invites②Iboughtabook

byMarkTwinfromthebookstore.

A.written B.writingC.towritten D.tobewritten【写美】句式升级·背诵③Thisisthebookrecommendedbytheteacher.→Thisisthebook

bytheteacher.

BAwhich/thatwasrecommended2.现在分词短语作结果状语【教材原句】Whenithitthecoast,hugetidalwavescausedsevereflood,costing

the

lives

of

up

to

300,000

citizens.当它袭击海岸时,巨大的海啸引起了严重的洪水,多达30万市民丧失。【归纳】(1)动词-ing形式(短语)作结果状语表示意料、情理之中的结果;(2)动词-ing形式(短语)可表示一个同时发生的次要的动作,这时常用一个逗号把它和句子的主要部分分开。【佳句】Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausing

the

delay

of

the

meeting.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞,因此导致会议推迟。【练会】单项填空①Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,

itoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.

A.making B.madeC.tomake D.havingmade【写美】完成句子·背诵②他打开抽屉,拿出一个盒子。

,hetookoutabox.(动词-ing形式短语)

AOpeningthedrawer研真题链接高考(2016·江苏卷,阅读理解C)——灾难防范ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997—1998helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño,in1997—1998,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.理清脉络

真题再做61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.D解析:细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中back

eastwards和normally

blow

westwards等关键词可知D项正确。62.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.C解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中

“Rich

countries

gain

more...”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“Rich

countries

gain

more

from

powerful

Niños,

on

balance,

than

they

lose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat

.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstA解析:推理判断题。题源句为:According

to

the

Overseas

Development

Institute(ODI),

however,

just

12%

of

disaster-relief

funding

in

the

past

two

decades

has

gone

on

reducing

risks

in

advance,

rather

than

recovery

and

rebuilding

afterwards.句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵是“言其少”,因此选A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项与作者的观点相反。64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.D解析:作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。语言能力1.掌握构词知识词根派生词性及词义例句

agricultural

Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

recovery

AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.agricultureadj.农业的

recovern.恢复

2.猜测生僻词词义Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.

因果关系的;前因后果的

3.牢记熟词生义单词词性及词义例句term

ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.gain

RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.n.术语

v.获利

4.仿写经典句型Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthe

poorer

the

country,the

stronger

the

link.仿写:你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.5.破解复杂句式ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El

Niño

was

named

by

South

American

fishermen;a

Spanish

term

for

“the

Christ

child”

作

,对El

Niño作进一步的解释;在who引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的

从句和which引导的

从句。

译文:同位语

宾语

定语

厄尔尼诺,西班牙术语

“圣婴”的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气(变化)模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。测效果课堂评价Ⅰ.熟词生义1.lap项目意义例句熟义n.

Shenursedthecryingchildonherlap.生义n.

Shewaspassedbyseveralrunnersinthelastlap.(坐着时的)大腿部

(跑道的)一圈

2.otherwise项目意义例句熟义adv.

Shutthewindow;otherwiseit’llgettoocoldinhere.生义adv.

Hewasslightlybruisedbutotherwiseunhurt.否则,要不然

除此以外

Ⅱ.单项填空A组

基础必练1.Herbrotherthreatened

herinthedarkroomalonewhenshedisobeyedhisorder.

A.toleave B.leftC.left D.wouldleave2.Thenewspaper

thattheywouldbetotallybeateninthecominggeneralelection.

A.forecasting B.forecastedC.toforecast D.for