湖北省十一校2023-2024学年高三下学期第二次联考英语试题(解析版)

高中名校英语试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省十一校2023-2024学年高三下学期第二次联考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将〖答案〗标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的〖答案〗转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandrinkmostprobably?A.Tea. B.Coffee. C.Water.〖答案〗C〖解析〗M:Tea,coffeeorwater?W:Theonewhichwon’tmakemesleeplessatnight.2.Whatdidthemandoatthepark?A.Heplayedbasketball. B.Hedidsomewalking. C.Hehadapicnic.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:IrememberyoutoldmeyouweregoingtoplaybasketballwithTommytoday.Whydoyoucomebacksoearly?M:Hestoodmeup,soIjusttookawalkintheparkandnowIcomeback.Gotsomefood?I’mhungrynow.3.Howlongwillittakethewomanbysubway?A.About10minutes. B.About15minutes. C.About25minutes.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:HowlongdoesittakefromourschooltoPeople’sTheaterbybus?M:About25minutes,butyoucansaveabout10minutesifyouchoosethesubway.4.Wheremighttheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabookstore. B.Inacinema. C.Inalibrary.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:HowcanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yeah,IwaswonderingifyougotDanBrown’snovelTheLostSymbolhere.I’dliketobuyone.W:Oh,it’llbeontheshelvesnextMonday.Icaninformyouwhenitarrivesifyoulike.5.What’swrongwiththeman?A.Histonguehurts. B.Heatesomethingwrong. C.Hisheadaches.〖答案〗A〖解析〗W:Whatistheexpression?Doesittastereallythatbad?M:No,it’sgood.Actuallyit’stoogood.IjustbitmytonguebecauseIatetoofast.W:ForamomentIjustthoughtmyapplepiegaveyouaheadacheorsomething.第二节（共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Warm. B.Hot. C.Cold.7.Whatdoesthewomanliketodoinsummer?A.Dooutdoorsports. B.Eathotpot. C.Buyclothes.〖答案〗6.C7.A〖解析〗M:Ineedtobuysomewinterclothing.It’sgettingfreezingthesedays.W:I’mnotawinterperson.Doyoulikewinter?M:Well,atleastIwon’tsweatlikeapiginwinter.YouknowhoweasilyIsweat.Besides,IdoenjoyeatingChinesehotpotwithmyfriends.Thehotpotisjustnotthatwonderfultoeatinsummer,isit?W:IdolovethesunshineforIcandosomanyoutdooractivities,likeswimminginthewarmseawater,playingvolleyballonthebeach,etc.Oh,howImisssummer!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatarethespeakersquarrellingover?A.Whethertoraiseapetrabbit.B.Howtospendmoneyontravelling.C.Whichsouvenirtochoose.9.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Friends. C.Husbandandwife.〖答案〗8.B9.C〖解析〗M:Howmuchdidyouspendonthissouvenir?W:Notmuch.Only200dollars.M:What?Itoldyouwewereonalowbudget!Weneedtospendmoneyonrealmeaningfulthingslikefoodandtraffic!Andwhatisthisstuffyoubought?Aglass-maderabbitwhichcosts200dollars!Really?W:Whatisthepointoftravellingifyoucan’tletmeenjoymyself?Whydidn’tyoujustlockmeathomesoyoucouldenjoythishoneymoonallalone?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatistheman’sjob?A.Agymtrainer. B.Afinancialtrader. C.Arestaurantowner.11.Whydoesthemanprefertocookratherthanhaveatakeaway?A.Hewantstofeelcreative. B.Helovestocookforothers. C.Helikeshome-madefood.12.Whatdoesthemanconsiderthehighstress?A.Atotallybadthing. B.Agoodthingnomatterwhat. C.Agoodthingifusedproperly.13.Whatpartdoesthemanenjoyabouthisstressfuljob?A.Thesocialconnection. B.Thehighpayment. C.Theuncertainty.〖答案〗10.B11.A12.C13.C〖解析〗W:Sowhydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?M:Irarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescape“TheMarkets”.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway,youknow,todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstresscanactuallybeapositivething,ifusedinarightway.W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?M:Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.It’sverychallenging.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhydoesNOTthewomanreadnewspapers?A.Sheisworriedaboutwastingmoney.B.Sheisconcernedabouttheenvironment.C.Shegetsallnewsfromtheweb.15.Howmanyheadlinespopoutontheman’sfirstpageeveryday?A.Aboutthreeorfour. B.Aboutsixorseven. C.Abouteightornine.16.Whyisthewomanworriedaboutloadsofnews?A.Mostofthemmightnotbetrue.B.Theyconsumetoomuchtime.C.Peoplemightignoreseriousnews.17.What’sthewoman’sattitudeto“e-booksreplacingpaperbooks”?A.Supportive. B.Indifferent. C.Disapproving.〖答案〗14.B15.B16.C17.A〖解析〗M:Doyoureadnewspapersthesedays,Rachel?W:No.Idon’tevensubscribetoonebecauseIwasworriedaboutwastingpaperandthereforetrees.M:Meneither.IjustlookontheInternet.I’vegotmyfirstpagewhichpopsupaboutsixorsevenheadlineseveryday.There’salwayssomuchnewsformetochoosefrom.Onesentenceisenoughtodrawmein,andthenIendupreadingmynewsonline.W:I’mactuallyabitworriedwhenwehaveloadsofnewstochoosefrom,wewouldalwayschoosereadingentertainmentarticlesinsteadofreallyseriousnews.M:Youhaveapoint.Havingtoomanyoptionsisnotalwaysagoodthing.ButstillIwonderinthefutureiftherewillbenewspapersanyway.W:Iheardeventhemostfamousnewspapersarestartingtogobankrupt.M:Maybepaperbookswilldisappearsomeday,too.Peoplearestartingtoreadelectronicbooks.W:I’mprotheideaof“e-booksreplacingpaperbooks”,butIjustwishtheycouldmaketheexperienceofreadingane-bookmorecomfortabletooureyes.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“ikumen”course?A.It’sforparents.B.It’sorganizedbythegovernment.C.It’scharged30,000yen.19.Whatistaughttodointhecourse?A.Cookingforkids. B.Gettingababydressed. C.Wearinga5kgpregnancyjacket.20.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistalk?A.Tointroducethe“ikumen”course.B.Tohelpbachelorslookforlove.C.Torecruitstudentsforauniversity.〖答案〗18.C19.B20.A〖解析〗W:Japanesebachelorslookingforlovecannowlearnparentingskillstoincreasetheirchancesoffindingapartner.Themale-only“ikumen”course,orparentingcourseformen,wasorganizedbyOsaka-basedcompany“ikumenUniversity”andwaspricedat30,000yen.Thecourseteachesparticipantshowtobatheanddressababyandalsohelpsthemunderstandawoman’sperspectiveonparentingthroughexercisessuchaswearinga7kgpregnancyjacket.Participantsalsolearnhowtoimprovecommunicationwithapotentialpartner.InstructorMr.TakeshiAkiyamasaidtheaimofthecoursewastohelpsinglemenlookmoreappealingtopotentialwives.“Iwantedtocreateaformofcertificationprovingaman’sparentingskillsandsupportformarriedlife,”Mr.Akiyamasaid.MasayaKurita,a31-year-oldbachelorlivinginTokyostartedthecourseafterlookingforawifeoverthelastsixmonths.“Duringtheself-reflectionpartofthecourseI’verealizedIhaveatendencytohidemyweaknesses.Ihopetobeabletoshowmymorevulnerablesideafterthis,”saidMr.MasayaKurita.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAtTheRachaelRayFoundationTM(RRF),we’reprettybiganimallovers.Asapartofourwork,wesupportawidevarietyoforganizationsthatdogoodforanimals,fromrescuetocareandmore.Gettoknowafewofthemandtheworkwedotogether.PittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeamRRFhelpedenablePittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam(PAART)topurchaseanewandbiggerplaneforitsrescuemissionswhichbringanimalsfromdangertosafety.Whetheritbeflyingdogsinovercrowdedshelterstonewhomes,savinganimalscaughtinthepathofnaturaldisasters,orbringingsuppliestosheltersinneed,thebravePAARTpilotsarealwaysreadytohelp.NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundationNationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation(SDF)workstofindandtrainshelterdogswhohavethetalentanddrivetobecomesearchandrescueanimals.RRFsupportsSDF’seffortstoidentifyandtransformrescueddogsintorescuers,toprovidelifetimecareforthesedogsandtofindhomesforalldogswhoentertheSDFtrainingprogram.RachaelRaySaveThemAllGrantsThisisaprogramadministeredbyBestFriendsAnimalSociety(BFAS)tosupportBestFriends’networkpartnersintheirlifesavingefforts.Themoneyhasbeenawardedtoorganizationsacrossthecountrytofundinitiativessuchasadoptiondrivesandshelterintakepreventionefforts.NorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmericaDisasterReliefGrantsThisprogram,administeredbyNorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmerica(NSALA),providesmoneyforanimalwelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.RRFisproudtohelpNSALAinitseffortstoidentifyneedsindisastersituationsandprovidetargeted,effectiverelief.21.WhatisspecialaboutPAART?A.Itprovidesnecessitiesfor-animalsinneed. B.Itconductsanimalrescuemissionsbyplane.C.ItissupportedbytheRachaelRayFoundation. D.Itassistsinfindingadoptersforrescuedanimals.22.Whichorganizationisdevotedtotrainingshelteranimalstodorescuework?A.SDF. B.BFAS. C.PAART. D.NSALA.23.Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?A.Theybothstronglypromoteanimaladoption.B.TheyarebothinchargeofBestFriendsAnimalSociety.C.Theybothprovidefinancialassistancetoanimalwelfareinitiatives.D.Theyarebothadministeredbywelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。这篇文章主要介绍了RachaelRayFoundation的工作以及他们与一些动物救助组织合作的情况。他们支持各种不同的组织，从营救行动到照顾等等，努力为动物提供保护和帮助。〖答案〗21.B22.A23.C【21题详析】细节理解题。根据PittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam部分中“RRFhelpedenablePittsburghAviationAnimalRescueTeam(PAART)topurchaseanewandbiggerplaneforitsrescuemissionswhichbringanimalsfromdangertosafety.

(RRF帮助匹兹堡航空动物救援队(PAART)购买了一架更大的新飞机，用于将动物从危险地带带到安全地带的救援任务。)”可知，PAART通过飞机执行动物救援任务。故选B。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation部分中“NationalDisasterSearchDogFoundation(SDF)workstofindandtrainshelterdogswhohavethetalentanddrivetobecomesearchandrescueanimals.

(国家灾难搜索犬基金会(SDF)致力于寻找和训练有天赋和动力成为搜索和救援动物的收容所狗。)”可知，SDF致力于寻找和训练有天赋和动力成为搜索和救援动物的收容所狗。故选A。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据RachaelRaySaveThemAllGrants部分中“Themoneyhasbeenawardedtoorganizationsacrossthecountrytofundinitiativessuchasadoptiondrivesandshelterintakepreventionefforts.(这笔钱已被授予全国各地的组织，用于资助收养运动和预防收容工作等举措。)”以及NorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmericaDisasterReliefGrants部分中“Thisprogram,administeredbyNorthShoreAnimalLeagueAmerica(NSALA),providesmoneyforanimalwelfareorganizationsimpactedbydisasters.

(这个项目由美国北岸动物联盟(NSALA)管理，为受灾害影响的动物福利组织提供资金。)”可知，这两个项目都为动物福利倡议提供财政援助。故选C。BItwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“leftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughThree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomicallyvulnerablepeopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.“Theycomeinandarecompletelylostbecausethey’renotusedtocomingintobeautifulplaces,likethis.Butoncethey’rehere,theyrealizethatthisplaceistheirplace.It’snotmyplace,”hesaid.Bottura’sphilosophyisonethatcomesfromtheheart.T-shirtswormbyvolunteersathiscommunitycenterssay“cookingisanactoflove”,andheapproachesthefoodservedtherewithasmuchcareashedoesathisrestaurants—“probablyevenmore”,hesaidsincethedinersareextremelystressedandneedhealthyfoodtofeelbetter.Botturainsiststhatit’simportanttochangethelanguagearoundthefoodservedinhiscommunitycenters.24.Whydoestheauthordescribesuchasceneinthefirstparagraph?A.TointroduceBottura’sproject. B.Toshowtheappealofthedishes.C.Toemphasizethewarmatmosphere. D.Toexplainhowtheeventisorganized.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inparagraph2mean?A.Privileged. B.Independent. C.Conservative. D.Disadvantaged.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMassimoBottura?A.Skilledandstrict. B.Caringandconsiderate.C.Wealthyandhumorous. D.Economicalandinfluential.27.WhatfundamentalphilosophydoesMassimoBotturaexpress?A.Respectandbeautyareforall. B.Beautifulplacesinspirerespect.C.Cookingshouldbeaprofession. D.Communitycentersbringpeopletogether.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章主要讲述了意大利厨师MassimoBottura通过他的FoodforSoul项目，在贫困社区创建社区中心，为弱势群体提供高质量的餐食。〖答案〗24.A25.D26.B27.A【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Itwasjustafter17:00onamid-SeptembereveningatahistoricalChurchinHarlem,NewYorkCity.Mostlythelow-incomeblackneighborhoodsatatdiningtables.Infrontofthemwasamenulistingthreecourses,whichtheyonlysawonTV.Eachdishwaspreparedwith“leftover”ingredients(食材),offeredfreeofchargeandplacedalongsideabluecardthatread“youareloved”inhand-writtenscript.(那是9月中旬的一个晚上，刚过17点，在纽约市哈莱姆区一座历史悠久的教堂里。大多数低收入的黑人都坐在餐桌旁。他们面前是一份菜单，上面有三道菜，他们只在电视上看到过。每一道菜都是用“剩余”的食材准备的，免费提供，旁边放着一张手写的蓝色卡片，上面写着“你被爱着”。)”以及第二段中“This-is-oneof14communitycenterscreatedaroundtheworldincitieslikeMilan,Paris,Mérida,Lima,SydneyandnowNewYorkthroughthree-MichelinstarredchefMassimoBottura’sFoodforSoulproject.(通过米其林三星厨师MassimoBottura的FoodforSoul项目，在米兰、巴黎、姆姆萨里达、利马、悉尼和纽约等城市建立了14个社区中心，这是其中之一。)”可知，第一段描述场景是为了引出文章要介绍的FoodforSoul项目。故选A。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliers(2016年，他和妻子LaraGilmore开始了这个项目，通过使用供应商可能会扔掉的原料，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题)”以及后面的“peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals(人们可以享用高质量的食物)”可知，MassimoBottura和妻子创建项目是通过使用供应商可能会扔掉的原料，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题，并将这些材料为社会和经济弱势群体享用高质量的食物，故划线词与D选项“Disadvantaged.(贫困的)”为同义词。故选D。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hestartedtheprojectin2016withhiswife,LaraGilmore,tohelpfighttheglobalproblemoffoodwaste-byusingingredientsthatmightotherwisebethrownawaybysuppliersandtogivesociallyandeconomically

vulnerable

peopleaccesstohighqualitymeals.(他与妻子LaraGilmore于2016年启动了这个项目，通过使用供应商可能会丢弃的食材，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题，并为社会和经济弱势群体提供高质量的膳食。)”以及第三段中“Partneringwitharchitects,artistsandcommunityleaders,theprojectistransformingspaces,whicharenotfullytakenadvantageof,suchaschurchesandevenahistoricalhomeintointentionallydesignedculturalcentersequippedwithkitchens,diningroomsandotherfacilitiesthathelpcreateasenseofwell-being,connectionandinclusion.(该项目与建筑师、艺术家和社区领袖合作，将教堂甚至历史住宅等未被充分利用的空间转变为精心设计的文化中心，配有厨房、餐厅和其他设施，有助于创造一种幸福感、联系感和包容性。)”可知，MassimoBottura通过使用供应商可能会扔掉的原料，帮助解决全球食物浪费问题，并为社会和经济弱势群体提供高质量的膳食；并且还与建筑师、艺术家和社区领袖合作，将教堂甚至历史住宅等未被充分利用的空间转变为精心设计的文化中心，配有厨房、餐厅和其他设施，有助于创造一种幸福感、联系感和包容性。由此体现出他是一个关怀和体贴他人的人。故选B。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“WhenIaskedBotturawhyhecreatedsuchthoughtful.mealswithinbeautifullyappointedspacesforthelow-income,hetoldmethateveryonedeservesrespectandbeauty-andofcourse,healthyfood.

(当我问Bottura为什么要创作这么有思想的作品时。他告诉我，每个人都应该得到尊重和美丽，当然，还有健康的食物。)”可知，Bottura做这一切的想法基础是每个人都应该得到尊重和美丽，即尊重和美属于所有人。故选A。CInthelate1990s,twopsychologyresearchers,weretalkingabouthowthefemalescientistsintheirlabrespondeddifferentlytostressthanthemendid.Themenwoulddisappearintotheiroffices;thewomenwouldbringcookiestolabmeetingsandbondovercoffee.Forgetfight-or-flight,theyjoked.Thewomenweretendingandbefriending.Thejokestuckinthemindofoneofthewomen,researcherLauraCousinoKlein.Psychologyresearchhassuggestedthatstressleadstoaggression,butthatwasn’therexperience.Womenweremorelikelytowanttotalkwithsomeoneabouttheirstress,spendtimewiththeirlovedones,orchanneltheirstressintocaringforothers.Shewonderedifitwaspossiblethatsciencehadgottenstresswrong.Kleindugdeeperintothescience,andshemadethesurprisingdiscoverythat90percentofthepublishedresearchonstresswasconductedonmales.SoKleinstudiedthesocialsideofstress,especiallyinwomen.Lookingatbothanimalandhumanresearch,shefoundevidencethatstresscanincreasecaring,cooperation,andcompassion(同情).Whilethetend-and-befriendtheorybeganasaninvestigationintothefemaleresponsetostress,itquicklyexpandedtoincludemen.Intimesofstress,bothmenandwomenhavebeenshowntobecomemoretrusting,generous,andwillingtoprotectothers.Thetend-and-befriendtheorydoesn’tsaythatstressalwaysleadstocaring—stresscanindeedmakeusangryanddefensive.Itsimplysaysthatstresscanmakepeoplemorecaring.Andwhenwecareforothers,itactivatessystemsofourbrainthatproducefeelingsofhopeandcourage.IwrotemybookTheUpsideofStresswiththatpurposeinmind:tohelpyoudiscoveryourownstrengthandcompassion.Seeingtheupsideofstressisnotaboutdecidingwhetherstressiseithergoodorbad.It’sabouthowchoosingtoseethegoodinstresscanhelpyoumeetthechallengesinyourlife.Tendingandbefriendingisoneofthebestwaystodothis,andtotransformyourownstressintoacatalyst(催化剂)forcourageandconnection.28.WhatdoesthejokeinparagraphIshow?A.Malescientistsaresmarterthanfemalescientists.B.Femalescientistsarefriendlierthanmalescientists.C.Mentendtoseekatemporaryescapefrompressure.D.Womencareforeachotherwhentheyareunderstress.29.WhydidLaurakeepthejokeinhermind?A.Itdidn’tfitwithherlifeexperience.B.Ithadthesametopicashernewbook.C.Itwentagainstpreviouspsychologyresearch.D.Itindicatedtheinequalitiesbetweenwomenandmen.30.Whatdoweknowaboutthetend-and-befriendtheory?A.Itisapplicabletobothmenandwomen. B.Itsuggestsstressalwaysleadstocaring.C.Itprovesthefight-or-flightresponsewrong. D.Itshowsmenaremoredefensivethanwomen.31.Whatdoestheauthor’sbookaimtodo?A.Provideevidenceforherresearch.B.Explainthefight-or-flightresponse.C.Makesuggestionsonhowtorespondtostresspositively.D.Demonstratewomen’sandmen’sdifferentresponsestostress.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。女性在面临压力时会互相关心，这种“照顾与友善”理论同样适用于男性。〖答案〗28.D29.C30.A31.C【28题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Themenwoulddisappearintotheiroffices;thewomenwouldbringcookiestolabmeetingsandbondovercoffee.Forgetfight-or-flight,theyjoked.Thewomenweretendingandbefriending.(这些人会消失在他们的办公室里。女人们会带着饼干参加实验室会议，并通过咖啡增进感情。她们开玩笑说，忘记战斗或逃跑吧。妇女们在照顾和友善。)”可推知，第一段中的笑话说明了女性在面临压力时会互相关心。故选D。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thejokestuckinthemindofoneofthewomen,researcherLauraCousinoKlein.Psychologyresearchhassuggestedthatstressleadstoaggression,butthatwasn’therexperience..(这个笑话深深地印在了其中一位女性研究员劳拉·库西诺·克莱因(LauraCousinoKlein)的脑海中。心理学研究表明压力会导致攻击性，但她的经历并非如此。)”可知，劳拉把这个笑话记在了心里是因为它与之前的心理学研究很不同，它违背了之前的心理学研究。故选C。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Whilethetend-and-befriendtheorybeganasaninvestigationintothefemaleresponsetostress,itquicklyexpandedtoincludemen.Intimesofstress,bothmenandwomenhavebeenshowntobecomemoretrusting,generous,andwillingtoprotectothers.(虽然“照顾与交友”理论最初是为了研究女性对压力的反应，但它很快就扩展到包括男性。在压力时期，男性和女性都会变得更加信任、慷慨并愿意保护他人。)”可知，“照顾与友善”理论适用于男性和女性。故选A。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“IwrotemybookTheUpsideofStresswiththatpurposeinmind:tohelpyoudiscoveryourownstrengthandcompassion.Seeingtheupsideofstressisnotaboutdecidingwhetherstressiseithergoodorbad.It’sabouthowchoosingtoseethegoodinstresscanhelpyoumeetthechallengesinyourlife.Tendingandbefriendingisoneofthebestwaystodothis,andtotransformyourownstressintoacatalyst( 催化剂 )forcourageandconnection.(我写《压力的好处》一书就是为了这个目的：帮助你发现自己的力量和同情心。看到压力的好处并不是要决定压力是好还是坏。这是关于如何选择在压力中看到好处可以帮助您应对生活中的挑战。照顾和交友是最好的方法之一，并将你自己的压力转化为勇气和联系的催化剂。)”可推知，作者写这本书的目的是就如何积极应对压力提出建议。故选C。DItwaslongtheorizedthatpeoplemakedecisionsbasedonintegratedglobalcalculationsthatoccurwithinthefrontalcortex(额叶皮层)ofthebrain,whichisconsideredtheseatofhigher-orderthinking.However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.Thestudyofdecision-makinginratsmayhelpscientistsfindtherootsofflaweddecision-makingcommontomentalhealthdisorderssuchasaddiction,theauthorssay.Theyused-anewtooltomanipulate(操纵)braincircuitsinratswhiletheyweremakingchoicesbetweenactionsthatledtothemreceivingrewardsornorewards.Iftheratsmadetherightdecision,onethatendedinareward,oneofthebraincircuitswasactivated,butanotherwasactivatediftheratsmadethewrongchoiceandreceivednoreward.Thethirdcircuitstoredpastexperiencesanddecisionstohelptheratswithfuturechoices.StephanieGroman,leadauthoroftheresearchsays,“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.”Changesinthesecircuitsmayhelpexplainatypicalfeatureofaddiction—whypeoplecontinuetomakeharmfulchoicesevenafterrepeatednegativeexperiences.TheYaleresearcherspreviouslyshowedthatsomeofthesamebraincalculationsweredisrupted(扰乱)inanimalsthathadtakenmethamphetamine.“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans,”Gromansaid.32.HowwasYale’sresearchdifferentfromtheprevioustheory?A.Itdefinedthefunctionofdifferentbrainregions.B.Itidentifiedspecificcircuitsinvolvedindecision-making.C.Itfocusedontheconnectionbetweenchoicesandmemories.D.Ithighlightedtheroleofthefrontalcortexinhigher-orderthinking.33.WhatcanbeinferredfromStephanieGroman’swords?A.Memoriesarerelatedtoallthethreecircuits.B.Peoplebasetheirdecisionsonpersonalpreferences.C.Thethreecircuitsareallofvitalimportanceinmakingdecisions.D.Thecircuitrelatedtorewardsisthefoundationofdecidingwisely.34.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.Thelimitationsofthepresentstudy. B.Adescriptionoftheresearchmethod.C.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings. D.Thepotentialapplicationoftheconclusion.35.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowpeoplegetaddictedandcuredB.HowmakingdecisionsinfluencesourbrainC.HowourbraindevelopswhenfacingchoicesD.Howthebrainhelpsusmakegooddecisionsandbadones【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大脑中的三个回路如何帮助我们做出好或坏的决定。〖答案〗32.B33.C34.D35.D【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(然而，耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，从额叶皮层连接到不同大脑区域的三个不同的大脑回路参与了做出好的决定和坏的决定，以及决定将哪些过去的选择存储在记忆中。)”可知，耶鲁大学的研究与之前不同在于它确定了参与决策的特定回路。故选择B项。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Acomparisonwouldbedecidingonarestaurantfordinner.Forinstance,withoutthe‘goodchoice’circuityoumaynotreturntotherestaurantwithgoodfoodandwithoutthe‘badchoice’circuityoumightnotavoidtherestaurantwithbadfood.Thethird‘memory’circuitiscrucialinmakingdecisionssuchaswhethertoreturntotherestaurantafterreceivingonebadmealafterseveralgoodones.(一个比较是决定在一家餐厅用餐。例如，如果没有“好的选择”循环，可能不会的回到食物好吃餐厅；如果没有“坏的选择”回路，你可能无法避开带食物不好的餐厅。第三个“记忆”回路在做出决定时至关重要，比如在吃了几顿好饭之后，是否要回到餐厅。)”可知这三个回路对于我们作出决定都有着至关重要的影响，故选择C项。【34题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Becauseweusedatestthatissimilartothoseusedinstudiesofhumandecisionmaking,ourfindingshavedirectrelevancetohumansandcouldaidinthesearchfornoveltreatmentsforsubstanceabuseinhumans(因为我们使用的测试与人类决策研究中使用的测试相似，我们的发现与人类有直接相关性，有助于寻找治疗人类药物滥用的新方法)”可知本段主要讲述的是研究结论的潜在应用。故选择D项。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Yaleresearchershavefoundthatthreedistinctbraincircuitsfromthefrontalcortexconnectingtodifferentbrainregionsareinvolvedinmakinggooddecisions,badones,anddeterminingwhichofthosepastchoicestostoreinmemory.(耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，从额叶皮层连接到不同大脑区域的三个不同的大脑回路参与了做出好的决定和坏的决定，以及决定将过去的哪些选择存储在记忆中)”可知本文主要讲述的是大脑如何帮助我们作出好或坏的决定，故选择D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。GetBetteratSayingNoWhenrejectingarequest,“no”isashort,simplewordthatcancauseanxietyforthepersontryingtosayit.Thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyougetbetteratsayingno.Beintentionalaboutwhatyoucommunicate.____36____Sure,b