职称英语卫生类A级模拟84

［模拟］职称英语卫生类A级模拟84

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Thedentisthasdecidedto<u>extract</u>herbadtooth.

A.takeout

B.breakoff

C.pushin

D.digup

参考答案：A

第2题:

Theeconomycontinuedto<u>exhibit</u>signsofdeclineinSeptember.

A.play

B.show

C.send

D.tell

参考答案：B

第3题:

Thistableisstrongand<u>durable</u>.

A.long-lasting

B.extensive

C.far-reaching

D.eternal

参考答案：A

第4题:

Heenduredgreatpainbeforehefinally<u>expired</u>.

A.fired

B.resigned

i

C.die

D.retreated

参考答案：C

第5题：

Thegirlis<u>gazing</u>atherselfinthemirror.

A.smiling

B.laughing

C.shouting

D.staring

参考答案：D

第6题：

Thepriceofvegetables<u>fluctuates</u>accordingtotheweather.

A.jumps

B.rises

C.falls

D.changes

参考答案：D

第7题：

Didyoudothatto<u>irritate</u>her?

A.tease

B.attract

C.annoy

D.protect

参考答案：C

第8题：

Marylookedpaleand<u>weary</u>.

A.ill

B.tired

2

C.worried

D.peaceful

参考答案：B

第9题：

Thewaterinthispartoftheriverhasbeen<u>contaminated</u>bysewage

（污水）.

A.polluted

B.downgraded

C.mixed

D.blackened

参考答案：A

第10题：

Hertreatmentofthesubjectis<u>exhaustive</u>.

A.boring

B.thorough

C.interesting

D.touching

参考答案：B

第H题：

Thesearetheir<u>motives</u>fordoingit.

A.reasons

B.excuses

C.answers

D.plans

参考答案：A

第12题：

Theriver<u>widens</u>considerablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twists

3

B.stretches

C.broadens

D.bends

参考答案：C

第13题：

Henrycannotresistthe<u>lure</u>ofdrugs.

A.abuse

B.flavor

C.temptation

D.consumption

参考答案：C

第14题：

Theseprogramsareof<u>immense</u>valuetooldpeople.

A.natural

B.fatal

C.tiny

D.enormous

参考答案：D

第15题:

Agreatdealhasbeendoneto<u>remedy</u>thesituation.

A.maintain

B.improve

C.assess

D.protect

参考答案：B

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

4

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

SleepProblemsPlaguetheOlderSet

OlderAmericansoftenhavedifficultygettingagoodnight'

Srest.It'sahugequality一of-lifeproblem,expertssay,becausecontrary

topopularbelief,seniorsrequireaboutthesameamountofsleepas

youngeradults.

“Sleepproblemsandsleepdisordersarenotaninherent（|S|

有的）partofaging,“saidDr.HarrisonG.Bloom,anassociateclinical

professorofgeriatrics（老年病学）andmedicineattheMountSinaiSchool

ofMedicineinNewYorkCity."It'Sprettymuchofamyththatolderpeople

needlesssleepthanyoungerpeople.”

Yet.inastudypublishedrecentlyinTheAmericanJournalof

Medicine,researchersfoundthatmorethanhalfofolderAmericanshave

problemsgettingthesleeptheyneed.

olderpeopletendtohave“sleepfragmentation,“meaningthey

wakeupmoreoftenduringthenight,saidstudyauthorDr.JulieGammck,

anassistantprofessorofmedicineintheDivisionofGeriatricMedicine

atSt.LouisUniversity.

Theyalsoseemtogetless“REM"sleep,thetypeofsleepduring

whichrapideyemovementoccurs,Bloomadded.

It'sunclearwhatrolethesenaturallyoccurringchangesin

sleeppatternshaveonperson'squalityoflife,Bloomsaid."Whatis

important,though,isthatolderpeopleoftenhaveactualsleepdisorders

andproblemswithsleep,“hesaid.

And,expertssay,thereisusuallymorethanonecause.

“Sleeptroubleinolderadultsistypicallyassociatedwith

acuteandchronicillnesses,includingspecificsleepdisorderslikesleep

apnea（呼吸暂停）andrestlesslegsyndromethatappearwithgreater

frequencyinolderpopulations,“saidMichaelV.Vitiello,aprofessor

ofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesandassociatedirectorofthe

UniversityofWashingtonJSNorthwestGeriatricEducationCenter.

Takingmultiplemedications,asmanyolderpeopledo,canalso

leadtOfatiguea"hypersomnia,“orbeingtiredallthetime,Bloom

added.

Anotherbigproblem,henoted,ISdepressionandanxiety."Those

areverycommonlyassociatedwithsleepproblems.”

Despitetheprevalence（流行）ofsleepdifficultiesinolder

adults,manypatientsAren,tgettingthehelptheyneedoAsaresult,

problemslikeinsomnia（失眠），restlesslegsyndromeandsleepapneaare

underdiagnosedandundertreated,Bloomsaid.

第16题:

Sleepproblemscanseriouslyaffectone'squalityoflife

A.Right

5

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

第17题：

itistruethatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungerpeople

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

第18题：

YoungerpeopleinAmericaseldomcomplainofsleepdisorders.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

第19题：

ThenumberofolderAmericanswithsleepproblemsisnotsmall.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

第20题：

“Sleepfragmentation”referstoamarkedlackof“REM”sleep

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

6

第21题：

Thecausesofsleepproblemsinolderpeopleremainunidentified.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

第22题：

ActionswillsoonbetakeninAmericatobetterhelppeoplewithsleep

problems

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：c

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

Parkinson?sDisease

1Parkinson'sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhen

thereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normally,these

nervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine.Dopaminesends

signalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyour

musclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.Whenyouhave

Parkinson,s,thesenervecellsbreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenough

dopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.

2Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.

Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.They

arestudyingmanypossiblecauses,includingagingandpoisonsinthe

environment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson'sdiseaseinsome

people.Butsofar,thereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways

inherited.

3rremormaybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthe

7

mostcommonsignsofthedisease,althoughnoteveryonehasit.More

importantly,noteveryonewithatremorhasParkinson?sdisease.Tremor

oftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.It

maybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.

Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.Intime,

Parkinson'saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody,soitcanleadto

problemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation.Inthelaterstagesof

thedisease,apersonwithParkinson'smayhaveafixedorblankexpression,

troublespeaking,andotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecrease

inmentalskills(dementia).

4Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson'sdisease.But

thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsand

makethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentif

yoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesunntil

yoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwill

adjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotake

severalmedicinestogetthebestresults.

23-26的选项

A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease

B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease

C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease

D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease

E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease

F.DefinitionofParkinson'sDisease

27-30的选项

A.ifthereisn'tenoughdopaminemyourbody

B.whataffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody

C.whichcannotbecuredyet

D.ifyouhaveafixedorblankexpression

E.whichmaybethefirstsymptomyounotice

F.whatcausesParkinson,sdisease

第23题:

ParagraphI.

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第一段的大意即：什么是帕金森综合征？因此选F。

第24题：

Paragraph2.

8

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

第二段的大意即：什么原因导致帕金森症？因此选E。

第25题:

Paragraph3.

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

第三段的大意即：帕金森综合征的典型症状是什么？因此选Do

第26题：

Paragraph4.

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

第四段的大意即：如何治疗帕金森症?因此选B。

第27题：

You'IIfindithardtomovethewayyouwantto.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

如果你的体内没有足够多的多巴胺，那么你会发现活动起来有困难。根据第

一段最后一句：Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamine,andyouhavetrouble

movingthewayyouwantto.因此选A。

第28题:

Alotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout.

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

人们正在进行大量的研究来发现导致帕金森综合征的原因。根据第二段前三

句话及后面提到的aging,poisonsinenvironment等可推断应选F。

9

第29题:

OneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson'sistremor.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

帕金森症最主要的一个症状就是颤抖，颤抖也可能是你注意到的最初症状。

根据是第三段的第一句话：Tremormaybethefirstsymptomyounotice.可

知E正确。

第30题:

ApersonwithParkinson'shastolearntolivewiththe

disease,.

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

得了帕金森症的病人必须要学会适应这种疾病，因为这还是一种不治之症。

根据文章第四段第一句：Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson?s

disease.可知应选Co

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4

个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4

个选项中选择1最佳答案。

MartinLutherKingJr.

BythetimetheMontgomeryImprovementAssociationchosethe

26-year-oldMartinLutherKingJr.asitsleader,thehours-oldbus

boycottbytheblackcitizensofMontgomery,Alabama,wasalreadyan

overwhelmingsuccess.Kingwouldlaterwritethathisunanticipatedcall

toleadership,/happenedsoquicklythatIdidnothavetimetothinkin

through.，zz，ItisprobablethatifIhad,Iwouldhavedeclinedthe

nomination./z

Althoughpressreportsatthetimefocusedonhisinspiring

oratory,Kingwasactuallyareluctantleaderofamovementinitiatedby

others.(TheboycottbeganonDec.51955.)Hissubsequentwritingsand

privatecorrespondencerevealmanwhoseinnerdoubtssharplycontrast

withhispublicpersona.Intheearlydaysofhisinvolvement,Kingwas

troubledbytelephonethreats,discordwithintheblackcommunityand

Montgomery's"gettoughz，policy,towhichkingattributedhisjailingon

aminortrafficviolation.Onenight,asheconsideredwaysto"moveout

ofthepicturewithoutappearingacoward,hebegantoprayaloudand,

io

atthatmoment,^experiencedthepresenceoftheGodasIhadnever

experiencedHimbefore.，z

Hewouldlateradmitthatwhentheboycottbegan,hewasnot

yetfirmlycommittedtoGandhianprinciples.Althoughhehadbeenexposed

tothoseteachingsincollege,hehadremainedskeptical.〃Ithoughtthe

onlywaywecouldsolveourproblemofsegregationwasanarmedrevolt,z，

herecalled.〃IfeltthattheChristianethicoflovewasconfinedto

individualrelationships.z，

OnlyafterhishomewasbombedinlateJanuarydidking

reconsiderhisviewsonviolence.(Atthetime,hewasseekingagunpermit

andwasprotectedbyarmedbodyguards.)Competingwitheachotherto

influenceKingweretwoardentpacifists:BayardRustin,ablackactivist

withtheWarResistersLeague,andtheRev.GlennE.Smiley,awhitestaff

memberoftheFellowshipofReconciliation.Rustinwasshockedtodiscover

aguninKing'shouse,whileSmileyinformedfellowpacifiststhatKing

'shomewas〃anarsenal.

第31题：

WhatdidKingthinkofhisnominationasleaderoftheMontgomeryBoycott?

A.Hehadn'texpectedit.

B.Hehadtothinkaboutitcarefully.

C.Hewouldrefusetoacceptit.

D.Hewaspreparedtoacceptit.

参考答案：A

第32题：

WhywasKingunwillingtoleadthemovementatfirst?

A.Becausehedoubtediftheboycottwouldbesuccessful.

B.Becausehewastroubledwithatrafficaccidentatthattime.

C.Becausehethoughthewastooyoungtobealeader,

D.Becausehehimselfdidn'tstarttheboycott.

参考答案：D

第33题：

WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedassomethingthathappenedatthe

beginningoftheblackpeople'smovement?

A.Kingwasputintoprison.

B.Blackpeopledisagreedwitheachother.

C・King'sarmedrevoltproposalwasturneddown.

11

D.Blackpeoplefoundithardtoacceptthepolicypursuedin

Montgomery.

参考答案：C

第34题:

WhichofthefollowingwastheimmediatecausethatmadeKingchangehis

viewonviolence?

A.Theeducationhereceivedincollege.

B.Theattackofhishome.

C.Theinfluenceoftwoactivenon-violenceadvocates.

D.TheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

参考答案：B

第35题:

InParagraph4,thelastsentence"King'shomewasanarsenal'〃means

A.King'shomewasaplacewherepeoplegottogether,

B・King'shomewasaplacewherepeopletestedbombs.

C・King'shomewasaplacewhereweaponswerestored.

D.King'shomewasaplacewherebombsexploded.

参考答案：C

APhoneThatKnowsYou'reBusy

It'sa.modemproblem:you'retoobusytobedisturbedby

incessant（连续不断的）phonecallssoyouturnyourcellphoneoff.But

ifyoudon'tremembertoturnitbackonwhenyou'relessbusy.Youcould

misssomeimportantcallsifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswiseto

interruptyou,youwouldn'thavetoturnitoffatall.Instead,itcould

letcallsthroughwhenyouarenottoobusy.

Abunchofbehaviorsensors（传感器）andacleverpieceof

softwarecoulddojustthat,byanalyzingyourbehaviortodetermineif

it'sagoodtimetointerruptyou.Ifbuiltintoaphone,thesystemmay

decideyou'retoobusyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringback

later.

JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCarnegieMellonUniversityin

Pennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiltinymicrophones,camerasandtouch

12

sensorsthatrevealbodylanguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudy

differentbehaviorstofindoutwhichonesstronglypredictwhetheryour

mindisinterrupted.

Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedonincluded

whethertheofficedoorswereleftopenorclosed,thetimeofday,if

otherpeoplewerewiththepersoninquestion,howclosetheyweretoeach

other,andwhetherornotthecomputerwasinuse.

Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefour

subjectswereatwork.Atrandomintervals,thesubjectsratedhow

interruptibletheywereonascalerangingfrom〃highlyinterruptible”

to"highlynot-interruptiblez/.Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwith

thevariousbehaviors.〃Itisashotgun（随意的）approach:weusedall

theindicatorswecouldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhich

wereimportant,〃saysHudson.

Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard,andtalkingona

landlineortosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywith

howinterruptiblethesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe.Interestingly,

thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredictingwhensomeone

wastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82percentof

thetime,humans77percent.Fogartyspeculatesthatthismightbebecause

peopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowardsdelivering

theirmessage,whereascomputersdon'tcare.

ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty'ssystemislikely

tobeinaninstantmessagingsystem,followedbyofficephonesand

cellphones."Thereisnotechnologicalroadblock（障碍）toitbeing

deployedinacoupleofyears,〃saysHudson.

第36题：

Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat.

A.theymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantcalls.

B.theymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesquiet.

C.theyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoacellphone.

D.theyaretoobusytomakephonecalls.

参考答案：A

第37题：

Thebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaphone.

A.couldhelpstoremessages

B.couldsendmessagesinstantly

C.couldtellwhenitiswisetointerruptyou

D.couldidentifyimportantphonecalls

13

参考答案：C

第38题:

ScientistsatCarnegieMenonUniversitytriedtofindout.

A.whyofficedoorswereoftenleftopen

B.whenitwasagoodtimetoturnoffthecomputer

C.whatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredwith

D.whichbehaviorscouldtellwhetherapersonwasbusy

参考答案：D

第39题:

Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereasked.

A.tocontrolthesensorsandthecamera

B.toratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeinterrupted

C.tocomparetheirbehaviorswithothers"

D.toanalyzealltheindicatorsofinterruption

参考答案：B

第40题:

Thecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudybecause.

A.thecomputerworkedharder

B.thecomputerwasnotbusy

C.peopletendedtobebiased

D.peoplewerenotgoodatstatistics

参考答案：C

EffectsofEnvironmentalPollution

Ifpollutioncontinuestoincreaseatthepresentrate,

formationofaerosols（浮质）intheatmospherewillcausetheonset（开

始）ofaniceageinaboutfiftyyears'time.Thisconclusion,reached

byDr.S.I.RasoolandDr.S.H.SchneideroftheUnitedStatesGoddard

SpaceFlightCentre,answerstheapparentlyconflictingquestionsof

whetheranincreaseinthecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）contentofthe

14

atmospherewillcausetheEarthtowarmuporincreasingtheaerosol

contentwillcauseittocooldown.TheAmericanshaveshownconclusively

thattheaerosolquestionisdominant.

Twospectershauntingconservationistshavebeentheprospect

thatenvironmentalpollutionmightleadtotheplanet'sbecoming

unbearablyhotorcold.Oneoftheseghostshasnowbeenlaid.Becauseit

seemsthatevenanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideinthe

atmospheretoeighttimesitspresentvaluewillproduceanincreasein

temperatureofonly2℃,whichwouldtakeplaceoverseveralthousand

years.Buttheotherproblemnowloomslargerthanever.

Aerosolsarecollectionsofsmallliquidorsolidparticles

dispersedinairorsomeothermedium.Theparticlesareallsotinythat

eachiscomposedofonlyafewhundredatoms.Becauseofthistheycan

floatintheairforaverylongtime.Perhapsthemostcommonly

experiencedaerosolisindustrialsmog（烟雾）ofthekindthatplagued

Londoninthe1950sandisanevengreaterprobleminLosAngelestoday.

ThesecollectionsofaerosolsreflecttheSun'sheatandtherebycause

theEarthtocool.

Dr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderhavecalculatedtheexacteffect

ofadustaerosollayerjustabovetheEarth'ssurfaceinthetemperature

oftheplanet.Asthelayerbuildsup,thepresentdelicatebalancebetween

theamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunandtheamountradiatedfromthe

Earthisdisturbed.TheaerosollayernotonlyreflectsmuchoftheSun

'slightbutalsotransmitstheinfrared（红夕卜线的）radiationfrombelow.

So,whiletheheatinputtothesurfacedrops,thelossofheatremains

highuntiltheplanetcoolstoanewbalancedstate.

Withinfiftyyears,ifnostepsaretakentostopthespread

ofaerosolsintheatmosphere,acoolingoftheEarthbyasmuchas3.5~C

seemsinevitable.Ifthatlastsforonlyafewyearsitwouldstartanother

iceage,andbecausethegrowingicecapsateachpolewouldthemselves

reflectmuchoftheSun'sradiationitwouldprobablycontinuetodevelop

eveniftheaerosollayerweredestroyed.

Theonlybrightspotinthisgloomyforecastliesinthehope

expressedbyDr.RasoolandDr.Schneiderthatnuclearpowermayreplace

fossilfuelsintimetopreventtheaerosolcontentoftheatmospherefrom

becomingcritical.

第41题：

Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticleistowarnof.

A.warmweather

B.hotweather

C.anewiceage

D.anewiceberg

参考答案：C

15

第42题：

Theword〃specters"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaning

to.

A.pollution.

B.carbondioxide

C.aerosols

D.ghosts

参考答案：D

第43题:

Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.

A.Londonwasplaguedwithratsinthe1950s

B.Londoniscoveredwithsmogtoday

C.Londonwaspollutedbysmoginthe1950s

D.LosAngelesisasheavilypollutedtodayasLondonwasinthe1950s

参考答案：c

第44题：

Whatwillhappenifthedustaerosollayerdevelops?

A.TheEarthwillgetextremelyhot.

B.ThebalancebetweentheamountofheatabsorbedfromtheSunand

theamountlostcouldhardlybemaintained.

C.ThelightoftheSuncouldnolongerreachthesurfaceoftheEarth.

D.InfraredradiationcouldnolongerbetransmittedfromtheEarth

toouterspace.

参考答案：C

第45题：

Theonlywaytostopthespreadofaerosolsintheatmosphere,according

toDr.RasoolandDr.Schneider,istouse.

A.fossilfuels

B.electricpower

16

C.nuclearenergy

D.coalpower

参考答案：c

补全对话阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6

组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有的

位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案填在相应的横线上。

TheDollarinWorldMarkets

AccordingtoaleadingGermanbanker,theU.S.dollaris"the

mostfrequentlydiscussedeconomicphenomenonofourtimes.z，Headds,

thedollarsexchangerateisatpresentthemostimportantpriceinthe

worldeconomy*7".Becausethedollaractsasaworldcurrency,_46_.

Thecentralbanksofmanycountriesholdhugereservesofdollars,and

overhalfofallworldtradeispricedintermsofdollars.Anyshiftin

thedollarsexchangeratewillbenefitsomeandhurtothers.Somepeople

suggest,therefore,_47_.

Thedollarsexchangeratehasbeentoovolatileand

unpredictable.Severalyearsagethedollarwasrapidlydeclininginvalue.

Thismadeit_48_.Theriseinthepriceofforeigngoodsmadeitpossible

forU.S.businessestoraisethepriceofcompetingfoodsproducedhere,

thusworseninginflation.Foreignerswhodealtindollarsorwhoheld

dollarsasreserveswerehurt.PeopleintheUnitedStateswhohadborrowed

foreigncurrenciesfoundthattheyhadtopaybackmorethantheyborrowed

_49—,TheUnitedStateslostfaceintheeyesoftherestoftheworld.

Thedollarwentsoaringupward,andthesituationwasreversed.

UnitedStatesexportersfoundithardtosellabroadbecauseforeigners

wouldhavetopaymoreforU.S.dollars.PeopleintheUnitedStatesnow

boughttherelativelycheaperforeigngoods,andU.S.manufacturers

complainedthattheycouldnotcompete.Joblosseswereoftenblamedon

the“overvalued"dollar.Poornations_50_founditdifficulttorepay

boththeloansandtheinterestbecausetheyhadtousemoreandmoreof

theirowncurrenciestoobtaindollars.Thesolutiontothisproblemis

toendthesystemoffloatingexchangeratesandreturntofixedrates.

Wemightevenreturntothegoldstandard.

Fixedexchangeratesdidnotworkinthepast.Currencyvalues

shouldbedeterminedbymarketconditions.Adropintheexchangevalue

ofanationscurrencymeansthatitisimportingtoomuch,thatitistoo

inefficienttocompeteinworldmarkets,thatitispermittingahighrate

ofinflationwhichmakesitsgoodstooexpensive,thatitisgoingtoo

deeplyindebt,orthatothershavelostconfidenceinthenations

17

stability.Anationshouldbringitsexchangeratebackupbyaddressing

theseproblems,notbyinterferingwiththemoneymarket.

[A].thathadborroweddollars

[B].thatthedollarsvalueshouldbemoretightlycontrolled

[C].becausethedecliningdollarwouldbuyfewerunit