翻译理论与实践练习

翻译理论与实践练习

ExercisesforTheory&PracticeofTranslation

Lecturedby

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TheU.S.PavilionOnbehalfoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommenceandtheAssociationforManufacturingTechnology,IwouldextendmygreetingstothefourthChinaInternationalMachineToolShow(CIMT’95),andwelcomethevisitorstotheU.S.Pavilion.WeareproudofourUSPavilion,where70USexhibitorsaredisplayingthelatestworldclassmachinetooltechnologyandrelatedmanufacturingservices.Thetechnologyandservicesdemonstratedherearetheprimarybuildingblocksforindustrializationineverynationoftheworld.IhopeyouwillutilizethisopportunitytoassessproductsandservicesofferedintheUSPavilionanddiscusswithrepresentativesofourUSindustryhowthesegoodsandservicescanmeetyourparticularindustrialneeds.ChinaandtheUShavemadetremendousstridesinforgingmutually-beneficialcommercialrelationships.WeattheDepartmentofCommence,workingcloselywiththeUSprivatesector,areproudoftherolewehaveplayedindevelopingtheseties,andwelookforwardtostrengtheningourrelationshipinthemonthsandyearsahead.ItisthrougheventslikeCIMT’95thatourgrowingtieswillbereinforced.Again,Iwelcomeyoutothisimpressiveshow,andIwishyouasuccessfulandproductivevisittoourUSPavilion.RolandH.BrownTheSecretaryofCommerce

美国展团我代表美国商务部和美国机械制造技术协会谨向第四届中国国际机床展览会表示祝贺，欢迎诸位光临美国展团。我为我们的美国展团感到自豪，70多位参展商将展出最新的，具有世界水平的机床科技以及相关的制造维修技术。这些工艺和技术是世界各国工业化的基础。我希望诸位能利用这一机会了解美国站团的产品和技术并与美国的产业代表探讨如何利用这些产品和技术来满住贵方业界的特殊需求。中美两国为建立互利的经济关系进行了巨大的努力。为此，美国经济部还与美国的私营企业进行了密切的合作。我们为自己在发展这一互利关系中所起的作用感到自豪，同时希望在未来的岁月里进一步加强这一关系。而像CIMT’95这样的活动正是进一步加强这种互利关系的盛会。再次欢迎诸位参加这一令人难忘的盛会，并祝愿大家对美国展团的参观富有收效，取得成果！美国商务部长罗纳德·布朗====================================求职信敬启者：本人欲申请今天《香港日报》上贵公司以广告招聘的教科书编辑职位，并随函附上个人简历一份，恳请予以考虑。本人对英文和图书有特别的兴趣，素来盼望做编辑工作。贵公司目前的空缺为我提供了盼望已久的机会。本人谨希望能获得面试的机会，以便能更充分地说明本人具备的各项资历。DearSirorMadam:Ishouldbegladifyouwouldconsidermyqualifications,particularsofwhicharecontainedintheclosedresume,forthepositionofschoolpublishingeditor,advertisedintoday’sHongKongDaily.IhaveaspecialinterestinEnglishandbooksandhavealwayswantedtobecomeaneditor.YourpresentvacancyseemstooffertheopportunityIhavebeenwaitingfor.IhopeImaybegrantedaninterview,whenIcanexplainmyqualificationmorefully.Yourfaithfully

2个人简历姓名：王甘地年龄：28性别Gender/Sex：男婚姻状况：未婚学历：本科籍贯：四川学历背景1990-94：香港中文大学英语系学习1986-90：香港汤普森中学学习工作经验1994．11-1995，12：香港泰安银行湾仔分行行政助理1996-今：香港圣马莉书院英文教师工作技能会广东话，英文，日文能熟练操作电脑有银行工作的实际经验工作态度有团队意识，有责任心抱着对贵公司的浓厚兴趣，希望加入到贵公司，为贵公司效力。若能给予面试机会，将不胜感激。联系方式：1398888889=================================================================

AboutBroadwayAutos-----------------------BroadwayAutosisasubsidiaryofBroadwayInternationalInc.ofPortland,Oregan.Broadwaymanufacturesandmarketstwotypesofbattery-drivenelectricvehicles:short-rangedeliveryvehicleandone-personcarsfordisabledpeople.ThevehiclebodiesaremanufacturedinBroadway’sownfactory,butallothercomponentsincludingelectricmotors,batteriesandwheelsareboughttotwomonths’stockandassembledinthefactory.OvertheyearsBroadwayhasbuiltupagoodrelationshipwithitssuppliers,mostofwhomhavebeenworkingthemformanyyears.

百老汇汽车公司简介百老汇汽车公司是设在俄勒冈州波特兰市的百老汇国际公司的子公司。该公司生产并销售电瓶驱动的汽车：短程送货车和单人座残疾人车。车身在百老汇汽车公司所属的工厂里生产，但是其他部件，包括电动机，蓄电池组和车轮都是外购的，备有两个月的库存，并在该厂组装。多年来，百老汇与其他供货商建立了良好的关系，其中大部分供货商已与之合作多年。3

耐克耐克是当今商界最有影响的销售公司之一，但它起步时却是薇不足道的。这家全球巨人公司在20世纪60年代靠推销廉价日本运动鞋起家。公司的创始人将运动鞋放在自己的小汽车里，带到美国高中田径运动会上向运动员兜售。运动鞋sportsshoes

NikeNikeisoneofthemostpowerfulmarketingcompaniesinthebusinessworldtoday,butithadverysmallbeginnings.Theglobalgiantcompanystartedinthe1960swiththecompany’sfounderssellingcheapJapanesesportsshoestoAmericanhighschoolathletesatschooltrackmeetings,usingasupplyofshoestheykeptintheircar..

4休闲中心1.RestCenter2.RecreationCenter3.SpaCenter北美的“RecreationCenter”一般是指体育运动场所，而且多是大型公共康乐设施，提供各种运动、健身服务。近年来，国内各地出现的“休闲中心”提供的是洗浴、按摩、美容等服务，更接近于国外的“Spa”。国外的“Spa”顾客多为女性，而国内的则男女均有，且服务项目更多元化。5台北婚纱摄影TaibeiBridalWorldTaibeiBridalStudioTaibeiPhotographicCenterforBrides6上海烟草集团名烟名酒店１．Famous-BrandTobacco&WineShopShanghai2.Famous-BrandTobacco&LiquorShopShanghai3.ShanghaiTobaccoGroupBrandNameTobacco&LiquorStore7地铁内严禁携带易燃易爆物品NocarryingcombustibleandexplosiveinmetroNocarryingcombustiblesandexplosivesinmetroFlammableandExplosiveSubstancesStrictlyProhibitedinMetro8请走侧门PleaseusethesidedoorPleaseusesidedoor9逛南京路、游外滩不要错过地下礼品风情街,向后走十五米NomissingwhenyouwanderingaboutNanjingRd&TheBund,theremustbesomegiftsuitableforyou!Gobackwardforabout15meters.Don’tmisstheundergroundgiftstreetwhenwanderingaboutNanjingRd,andtheBund!Just15metersback.BesuretovisitourundergroundgiftandsouvenirplazawhenstrollingdownNanjingRoadortheBund.Walkback15meters.10BetterLaterThantheLate晚了总比完了好宁迟一时,不辞一世11老弱病残专座CourtesySeats12老年迪斯科舞厅ElderlyDiscoHallOldDiscoHallSenileDiscoHall13游客止步OutofBoundsNoAdmittanceNotOpentoVistorsVistorsNotAdmittedPassengersStopHere14随地吐痰惹人恨，罚款一千有可能，传播肺痨由此起，卫生法例要遵行。NoSpitting.MaximumPenalty$1000.(周兆祥，２００３）

15注意安全，拉好扶手SafetyAttention,andPullArmrestHoldTighttheStraphangers16小心地滑CAUTION.WETFLOOR!17小草青青，足下留情PleaseKeepOffGrass18展览样品，请勿触摸HandsOff!19英语公示语的突出特：一是往往全部用大写字母，不加句点。二是字数通常都很少，最少的只有一个词。三是语言精练，常用名词、动名词或名词短语。有时为了简练，冠词略而不用。四是有时使用祈使句。五是有时采用十分正式的文体（胡文仲1987:1)。20Uponhisdeathin1826,JeffersonwasburiedunderastonewhichdescribedhimashehadwishedtoberememberedastheauthoroftheDeclarationonIndependenceandtheVirginiaStatutueforReligiousFreedomandthefatheroftheUniversityofVirginia.1826年杰斐逊逝世。按照他生前遗愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻着：独立宣言和弗讦尼亚信教自由法令的作者、佛杰尼亚大学创建人之墓-----切分法灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，其优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前赴后继，摸索救国救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。----毛泽东选集，第三卷Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster-riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inquestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongandtears.---合并ThesunsetsregularlyontheUnionJackthesedays,butneverontheEnglishlanguage.现在，英国已不再是个“日不落”的国家了，但是，英语却广泛流行使用着。---正话反说这个掺痛的历史教训，我们全党同子一定要永远记取，引以为鉴。NocomradeinthePartymustneverforgetthisbitterlessonandwemustalltakewarningfromit.---正话反说Hardlyadaypasseswithouthimgettingscratchedorbruisedashescramblesforaplaceonabus.他挤公共汽车，身上不是这里擦破，就是那里碰伤，几乎天天如此。--反话正说HardTimes艰难时事GreatExpectations远大前程GodFather教父四书FourBooks五经FiveClassics红楼梦ADreamofRedMansions水浒WaterMargin红岩RedCragAFarewelltoArms永别了，战争ForWhomTheBellTolls丧钟为谁而鸣GonewiththeWindUncleTom’sCabinWaterlooBridge魂断蓝桥BloodandSand碧血黄沙21雨村起身也让道：老先生请便。晚生乃常造之客，稍侯何妨。“Don’tstandonceremony,sir”saidYu-tsun,rising.“Iamaregularguesthere,Idon’tmindwaiting.”---“What’syourname,boy?”thepolicemanasked…---“DrPoussaint,I’maphysician…”----“What’syourfirstname,boy?...”---“Alvin”“Holdon,Arthur,myboy”hesaid,attemptingtomakehisanxietywithfacetiousutterance.(J.London,MartingEden)等一等，阿瑟老弟，“他说，想用开玩笑的口气来掩饰自己的不安。“Youneedn’tlookforit,”saidDella.“It’ssold.Itellyou---soldandgone,too.It’sChristmasEve,boy…(O.Henry,TheGiftofMagi)“你不用找了，”德拉说，“我告诉你，已经卖了---卖了，找不着了。今天是圣诞夜，亲爱的。。。22

Themaximwasthatwhenamarriedcouplesawredlawyerssawgreen.(RageofAngels)俗话说，夫妇吵得脸红耳赤时，便是律师招财进宝之日。Alice’sgirlfriendsweregreenwithenvywhentheysawhernewdress.Green-eyedred-eyedpinkeyes医学上的“红眼病”InAmericanpoliticalelectionsthecandidatesthatwinareusuallytheoneswhohavegreenpowerbackingthem.在美国政治竞选中获胜的后选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。YoucannotexpectMarytodobusinesswithsuchpeople.Sheisonlyeighteenandasgreenasgrass.你不能指望玛丽同这样的人做生意，她只有十八岁，还毫无经验。Hesaid—LadiesandGentlemen,---Maywealllivetoagreenoldageandbeprosperousandhappy.(M.Twain,TheInnocnetsAbroad,ch.X)他说---诸位女士，先生---祝我们大家都有一个幸福的晚年，富裕而安康。---Youlookbluetoday.What’sthematterwithyou?---Sheisinholidayblue.你今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事情？她得了“假期忧郁症”bluefilmtomakeabluejoke

Byonesurvey,morethan20millionAmericansnowwatchatleastonebluevideoeachweek.

Plainboiledwater(白开水)plainslicedpork（白切肉）ablanksheetofpaper（白纸）23

美国运通公司跻身于商界140多年的美国运通公司与时代同发展共变革。它以货物快捷运输起家，后来转入与旅行相关的多种服务行业。如今，它以经营国际金融业而闻名。运通公司的前生创建于1850年，由三家公司合并而成，这三家公司在东海岸与中西部之间从事货物、贵重物品以及钱款的快捷货运。到19世纪60年代中期，该公司已在10个州拥有900家办事处，同时也拥有一位强大的竟争对手，即“商人联盟快捷货运公司”。经过几年的殊死较量，这两个竞争对手合并成立了“美国商人联盟快捷货运公司”，并于1873年更名为“美国运通公司”。AmericanExpressCompanyAmericanExpressCompany,inbusinessover140years,hasgrownandchangedwiththetimes.Itstartedoutintheexpresscargobusinessandlatermovedontoavarietyoftravel-relatedservices.Today,itisbecomingwellknownforitsinternationalfinancialoperations.Theoriginalcompanywasfoundedin1850.Itresultedfromthemergingofthreefirmsinvolvedintheexpresstransportofgoods,valuables,andmoneybetweentheEastCoastandtheMidwest.Bythemid-1860s,ithad900officesintenstates.ItalsohadamajorcompetitorcalledtheMerchantUnionExpressCompany.Afterseveralyearsofcutthroatcompetition,thetworivalsmergedtobecometheAmericanMerchantsUnionExpressCompanyin1873.24隽思集团是一家提供一条龙式服务的纸制品生产商和印刷商。隽思目前拥有两间分别位于东莞市和天津市的现代化工厂，总面积625,000平方呎(约58,000平方米)，及4,500名接受过各种专业培训的员工。集团专门设计和制造多元化优质纸品，包括：纸板游戏教育材料拼图纸牌游戏儿童图书文具礼品活动套装包装彩盒隽思在同业中以着重与客户建立合作伙伴关系见称。这种密切的伙伴关系，正好激励我们为客户提供最专业的服务及最丰富的创作灵感。过去二十多年，隽思与印刷业同步成长，一直致力于研究和开发，为客户提供专业产品意见，其优秀表现已获得国际和本地客户的广泛认同。

QPGroupisaone-stopserviceproviderinpaperproductmanufacturingandprinting.Withaprofessionallytrainedworkforceof4,500and625,000squarefeetmanufacturingplantsinDongguanandTianjin,Chinahousingthelateststate-of-the-artfacilities,thegroupspecializesinthedesignandproductionofdiversifiedhighqualityproductsincluding:BoardGamesEducationalProductsPuzzlesCardGamesChildren'sBooksGifts&StationeryActivitySetsPackagingBoxes

WhatdifferentiatesQPfromotherindustryplayersisastrongcommitmenttopartnershipwithourcustomers.Suchclosepartnershipmotivatesustoofferthebestofourprofessionalservicesandcreativityfornewideas.Havingbeenanactiveplayerintheindustryforovertwodecades,QPiswellrecognizedforitsstrengthsinR&Dandproductdesignconsultancybyourbroadbasedinternationalandlocalcustomers.25隽思提供了一个理想环境孕育创意。平凡的纸张可以变成无数有用产品，藉此开拓无限商机。请以您的用户名及密码，进入网页浏览我们最新设计的产品。QPprovidesanenvironmentconducivetocreativity.Plainpaperscanbeturnedintonumeroususefulproductsandbusinessopportunities.Withyourloginnameandpassword,enterthesitetoseesomeofourlatestdesigns.26甲:这是一点小意思,请务必收下.乙:你这人真有意思,怎么也来这一套?甲:唉,只是意思意思罢了.乙:啊,真不好意思.--------------------------------------------……“闰土”也用上了程控电话．27A:Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.B:Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldn’tdothat.A:Well,itjustconveymygratitude.B:Ah,thankyouthen,thoughIreallydon’tdeserveit.－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－…Nowthefarmershaveprogram-controlledtelephonesinstalledattheirhomes.28SalesEngineerRapidlyexpandingprecisionbearingsmanufacturerislookingforanaggressive,problem-solving,andmotivateddecisionmakertocoverImperialandSanDiegocounties.Ourcandidatemustdevelop,withminimalassistancecustomers,thefullsalespotentialoftheassignedterritory,callingonnewandestablishedcustomers,includingaccountsofmajorimportance.Thisindividualwillberequiredtoanalyzecustomerneeds,keepthemfullyinformedofproductfeaturesandapplications,andprovidetechnicalsupport.Acloseworkingrelationshipwithmanycompanyfunctionsmustbemaintained,interfacingwithsuchgroupsascustomerservice,engineeringandmanagement.ABSdegreeisdesired,coupledwiththreeyearssalesorengineeringexperience,preferablyinthebearingsorrelatedindustry.Topcompensationisofferedtotherightcandidate,plusmanyvaluableextrasinbenefits,incentivesandexpenses.Forimmediateconsideration,weinviteyoutosendyourresumewithsalaryhistoryto:

AlanB.RoneyNMBCORPORATION9730IndependenceAvenueChatsworth,CA91311一家快速发展的精密轴承制造厂正在寻求一位有进取心、善于处理问题、能果断地做出决策的销售工程师，负责两地的业务。候选人必须能在指定的销售区域内，不依赖任何支持，最大限度地开发客户资源，联系新老客户，包括一些重要的大客户；能分析客户的需要，能向客户全面介绍产品的特点和应用范围，并能向客户提供技术援助。此外，候选人还需要和本公司内其他部门保持良好的工作联系，协调好顾客服务、工程设计及管理等部门的工作。候选人需具有理工学士学位，最好是在轴承厂或相关企业有三年销售或工程设计经验。符合条件者将被高薪聘用，同时，在福利、奖励、和其他费用方面待遇优厚。有意者，请将履历和工资情况寄至：加州恰兹华斯独立大道9730号NMB有限公司艾伦B.罗尼先生收邮编9131129

上海的经济建设上海是中国重要的经济中心。建国50年来，上海经济建设取得了巨大成就。特别是改革开放以来，上海人民走出了一条具有中国特色、体现时代特征、符合上海特点的发展新路。尤其是90年代以后，上海国民生产总值连续7年保持10%以上的增长率，1998年上海国内生产总值达到3688亿元，平均每年增长9。1%，人均国内生产总值为2。82万元，按当年汇率计算，已突破3300美元，相当于中等发达国家水平。上海人民走出了一条具有中国特色、体现时代特征、符合上海特点的发展新路thepeopleofShanghaihaveopenedupanewpathofdevelopmentwithlocalfeaturesandChinesecharacteristicsofmoderntimes.人均国内生产总值:percapitaGDP相当于中等发达国家水平。equivalenttothelevelofmedium-advancedcountries.＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝ShanghaiisanimportanteconomiccenterofChina.Inthepast50yearssincethefoundingofNewChina,Shanghaihasmadetremendousachievementsineconomicconstruction.Especiallysincetheadoptionofthepolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,thepeopleofShanghaihaveopenedupanewpathofdevelopmentwithlocalfeaturesandChinesecharacteristicsofmoderntimes.Beginningin1990,thegrowthrateofShanghai’sGNPwasmorethan10percentforsevenyearsinsuccession.In1998,GDPreached368.8billionyuan,withanaverageannualgrowthrageof9.1percent;andpercapitaGDPstoodat28,200yuan,ormorethanUS$3.300calculatedaccordingtotheyear’sexchangerate,equivalenttothelevelofmedium-advancedcountries.30

中国经济体制改革中国正在由计划经济向市场经济转轨，因此我们的经济体制改革必须会涉及到外国投资政策的调整，而调整的目的是为了加速与国际接轨的进程。为了逐步使我国的关税总水平达到发展中国家的平均水平，我们将在近年来几次降低关税率的基础上继续大幅度降低关税率。这样做不仅是为了达到世界贸易组织对关税的要求，而且也是我国建立社会主义市场经济的自身需要。我们将根据市场经济的国际惯例和要求废除各种有关进出口减免税的条例，逐步统一本国企业与外资企业的税收政策。这样做的目的旨在使税收制度标准化，创造企业与企业之间，地区与地区之间公平竞争的条件，进一步改善投资环境。中国正在由计划经济向市场经济转轨Chinaisundergoingtheprocessoftransitionfromaplannedtoamarketeconomy.转轨过程：theprocessoftransition/change/switch经济体制改革:reformofeconomicsystem外国投资政策:foreigninvestmentpolicies加速与国际接轨的进程:acceleratelinkswiththeusualinternationalpractices关税总水平:generaltarifflevel关税:tariff关税壁垒：tariffbarriers面税：tariff-free而国内的税常用taxeg:税务会计taxaccounting营业税taxonprofit增值税taxonvalueadded当具体到某种关税的时候，常用dutyeg:进口税：importduty出口税exportduty免税商品duty-freegoods建立社会主义市场经济:establishasocialistmarketeconomy－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

China’sReformofEconomicSystemChinaisundergoingtheprocessoftransitionfromaplannedtoamarketeconomy.Therefore,ourreformoftheeconomicsystemisboundtoinvolvereadjustmentsinsomeforeigninvestmentpolicies,thegoalofwhichistoacceleratelinkswithusualinternationalpractices.Inordertograduallybringourgeneraltarifflevelinlinewiththeaveragelevelofdevelopingcountries,wewill,basedontariffrateswhichhavebeenloweredseveraltimesinrecentyears,continuetointroducesignificantreductionsintariffrates.ThiseffortwillnotonlyfulfillthetariffrequirementsoftheWorldTradeOrganization,butalsomeetChina’srequirementsforestablishingasocialistmarketeconomy.Wewillact,inaccordancewithgenerallyacceptedinternationalpracticesandtherequirementsofthemarketeconomy,toabolishvariousregulationsgoverningimporttaxexemptionsandreduction,andgraduallyunifytaxationpoliciesgoverningChineseandforeign-fundedenterprises.Theaimofdoingsoistostandardizethetaxsystem,createconditionsforequalcompetitionbetweenenterprisesaswellasregions,andfurtherimprovetheinvestmentenvironment.

31QianZhongshu:sublimation(化境)Thatis“既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原的风味。32拜年PayaNewYearcall/greeting财运Luckinmakingmoney祠堂Memorialtemple道士Taoistpriest江南水乡ThesouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver33端午节ChineseDragon-boatFestival国庆节NationalDay清明节PureBrightnessDay五一劳动节InternationalLaborDay元宵节LanternFestival34中秋节Mid-AutumnFestival重阳节Double-NinthFestival豆腐渣工程Jerry-builtproject安居工程Housingprojectforlow-incomefamilies35把已经确定的方针政策落实到实处Togetthesetprinciples,policiesandmeasuresimplemented百花齐放，百家争鸣Letahundredflowersblossomandahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend本位主义departmentalism拨乱反正Tosetthingsright/torestorethingstoorder36吃皇粮Toreceivesalaries,subsidies,orothersupportedfromthegovernment传销Pyramidselling/multi-levelmarketing打白条ToissueIOU打假Tocrackdownoncounterfeitgoods打破僵局Tobreakthedeadlock37党群关系Party-massrelationship发展是硬道理Developmentisofoveriddingimportance搞扶贫开发Toengageinthedevelopmentofpovertyalleviation福利分房Welfare-orientedpublichousingdistributivesystem搞活国营大中型企业38搞活国营大中型企业Torevitalize/invigoratelargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises享有公费医疗Toenjoymedicalservicesatstateexpense用公款吃喝toenjoybanquetatpublicexpenses挂靠Tobeattached/affiliatedto/tobesubordinateto39和平共处五项原则TheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence和平统一，一国两制Theprinciplesofpeacefulreunificationand“onecountry,twosystems”和平演变Peacefulevolutiontowardscapitalism黑店Gangsterinn40黑社会Gangland/Mafia-styleorganization灰色收入Incomefrommoonlighting精简机构Tostreamlinegovernmentorgans纠正不正之风Torectifyunhealthytendenciesandmalpractices亏损企业Enterprisesrunninginthered/underdeficit41DearDr.Harmon,Fromtoday’spaperIhavelearnedwithmuchdelightthatyouwererecentlyappointededitor-in-chiefofTheMorningPost.Iwouldliketoaddmycongratulationtothemanyyoumustbereceivingonyourpromotions.Yourspeedyadvancementatsuchayoungageisquiterare.Thisissurelyowingtoyouruntiringindustry,coupledwithyourextraordinaryability.42Withyourqualificationsandunyieldingwill,thepositionwillsurelyprovetobeapleasantone.TheMorningPostatlasthasaneditor-in-chiefwhocanmakeitthedominant,outstandingdailyofthecountry.Withmybestwishesforyourfurthersuccess.Cordiallyyours,BertFellows

43亲爱的哈蒙博士:从今天的报纸上,我非常高兴地获悉,你最近被任命为晨报的主编.你这次晋升想必收到许多贺信,而我还是要给你添上一封,以表贺意.你年纪很轻就得到晋升,是极其难得的.这肯定是由于你工作勤奋,坚持不懈,才能非凡的缘故.凭你的坚强意志和所具备的种种好条件,你对这一职务肯定会愉快胜任的,晨报终于有了一位能使该报成为风靡全国的出色日报的主编.衷心地取得更大的成就.你真诚的

44(1)A:WhyistheletterTlikeanisland?B:Becauseitisinthemiddleofwater.Andifwetranslateit,itwillbecomelikethis:甲：为什么字母T像一座岛屿？乙：因为他在水中央。Obviously,thetranslationwillmakereadersfeelpuzzledandhavenoideawhatisbeingtalkedabout.45哥呀,虽然已白花开,路旁的野花不要采.Brother,thoughallkindsofflowersareinbloom,pleasedon’tpickthewildflowerliningtheroads.Foreigner:Arewetopicktheflowersinthepark?46交际花Socialbutterfly校花Campusbelle471.YanFu’sthree-charactertranslationcriterionis___,___and___whileFuLei’stranslationprinciplestresses____.2.Bysignsinvolvedintranslation,translationcanbeclassifiedintointralingualtranslation,___,andintersemiotictranslation,whilebythemodeoftranslation,itcanbegroupedintocompletetranslation,____and___3.Thetwostrategiesoftranslationare___and___whileliberaltranslationand___aretwomethodsoftranslation.4.Asforthetranslatability,wecansaythatpoem,__,___andChineseallegoricalsayingsareveryhardtotranslate.5.Asforastranslationtechniquesareconcerned,thereareeightkinds:annotation,paraphrase,___,omission,___adaptation,___andcombination.6.AccordingtoBritishtranslationtheoristPeterNewmark,anylanguagehassixfunctions.Theyare___,___,___,aestheticfunction,phaticfunction,andmetalingualfunction.1。这就是他的性格，真是狗改不了吃屎。2。张老师，老王，久仰你们的大名，现小弟在“五月花”酒店略备粗肴，聊表寸心，没有可口的，实在不成敬意，还请你们包涵。3。我只想吃肉丝炒土豆和红烧全鱼。4。Patrickpeeredowlishlyatusthroughhisglasses.5.ThewoundedareallowedtoreceiveRedCrossfoodparcelsandwritecensoredletters.6.Peopleoftensaythatwhenamarriedcoupleseered,lawyersgreen.7.她是湖北大学的校花，不是交际花。8.Iburiedmyheadunderthemiserablequiltandrug,andcriedlikeachild.-----------------------------------------1。减肥饮料2。皮包公司3。小康生活4。跳槽5。宰客6。水果摊位7。拜年8。“百花齐放，百家争鸣”的方针9。我们坚决反对有钱人不爱妻子，爱情人的作法。10。一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。-------------------------------------------个人简历姓名：诸葛山西年龄：29性别：女婚姻状况：离婚学历：本科籍贯：陕西西安学历背景：1998-2002：武汉大学外语学院就读1995-1998：武汉市江夏3中就读工作经验：2002-2005：武汉中国工商银行东胡支行行政助理2005-2008：武汉藏龙岛科技园中美合资企业出口部经理。工作技能：流利英文、日文会电脑操作有外企实际工作经验工作态度：有团队意识和责任心，工作中主观能动性强------------------------------------48It’snoteasytobecomeamemberofthatclub---theywantpeoplewhohaveplentyofmoneytospend,notjusteveryTom,Dick,andHarry.要参加那个俱乐部并非易事---他们只吸收手头阔绰的人，而不是普通百姓。（Tom,Dick,andHarry都是英美常见的人名，这里泛指任何人，相当于汉语的“张三，李四、王五”。所以不宜直译为“汤姆、迪克、哈里”）49Oursonmustgotoschool.Hemustbreakoutofthepotthatholdsusin.我们的儿子一定得上学，一定要出人头地。“breakoutofthepotthatholdsusin.”译为“出人头地”比“打破这个把我们关在里面的坛子”意思来得明白简洁。50MrKingsleyandhisRedBrickboyswillhavetolooktotheirlaurels.金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。（RedBrick又称RedBrickUniversity,指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不像牛津、剑桥大学的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。）51amplification（增词）amplificationisonlyusedundertheconditionthatversioncannotbeaccuratelyunderstoodwithoutadditionalwords.Generallyspeaking,followingsituationsaresuitablefortranslatorstoemployamplification:tomeetgrammarrequesttoclarifymeaningtomeetdictionrequest

52TomeetgrammarrequestInEnglish,thereisno量词,the量词shouldbemadeupaccordingtoChineseexpression.Eg:ahorse一匹马abook一本书amartialmusic一首军乐曲

53Totheeastandthesouthafaintpinkisspreading.东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远处扩展。Itwasalsoalimitedengagement.这也是一桩有时间限制的婚约。54InEnglishverbs,therearechangesoftense,aspect,mood,whereasnosuchchangesoccurinChineseverbs.Therefore,somewordsindicatingtense,aspect,ormoodshouldbeaddedtocompletelyconveytheoriginalmeaning.55Britain’srailwaysystemisbeingimproved.英国的铁路系统正日益完善。Englishproseiselaborateratherthansimple.Itwasnotalwaysso.现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴，过去却并非总是如此。56InEnglishcountablenounshavesingularandpluralforms,whileinChinese,nosuchforms.Duringtranslation,additionalwordsshouldbeusedtoconveythesingularorpluralmeaningoforiginal.Thelionisthekindofanimals.狮子是百兽之王。57Isawbubblesrisingfromunderthewater.我看见一个个水泡从水下升起。Disappearancesoccurredwithapparentlyincreasinglyfrequency….失踪事件接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁……58ToclarifymeaningDuringtranslating,translatorsoftenaddsomesuitableverbs,adjectivesoradverbstoclearlytransferoriginalmeaning.Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。（增补动词）59WhenIcametoIwasinthewater,swimmingautomatically,thoughIwasabouttwothirdsdrowned.当我清醒过来时，发觉自己在水里，虽然浸得半死，却本能地浮着。（增补动词，原文虽没有“发觉“，但译者根据上下文增补了它，使译文意思更加明确逻辑更加清晰。）60Theseearlycarswereslow,clumsy,andinefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。（译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词，即使译文意思明确，又使它形成四字词组，匀称整齐。）61Tomeetdictionrequest

Tomakethetranslatedversionmorevivid,smoothordistinct,itisnecessarysometimestorepeatsomewordsoraddsomesuitabledescriptivewords,transitionalwords,generalwords,duplicatedwords(重叠词)62Poorlittletenderheart!Andsoitgoesonhopingandbeating,andlongingandtrusting.可怜这温柔的小姑娘，一颗心抖簌簌地跳个不停，她左盼又盼，一直想念情人，对他深信不疑。（译文并没有将“hopingandbeating”简单地译为“盼望着、跳动着”，而是增加了一些描述性的词语来描写少女思念情人的心情，使人如见其人、如听其声，产生了一种可触可摸的立体感觉。）63Peopleusenaturalsciencetounderstandandchangenature.人们利用自然科学去了解自然，改造自然。（重复宾语）64Omission（减词）Omissionreferstoomitthewordsneededinoriginal,notintranslatedversion.Theomittedwordswillmaketheversionredundantifretainedinthetargetlanguage.

65FromtheperspectiveofgrammarThereisagreatdifferenceingrammarbetweenEnglishandChinese.Forexample,therearearticlesinEnglish,butitisnottrueofChinese.Englishstresseshypotaxis(形合)withconjunctivesbeingmore，whileChineseemphasesparataxis(意合)withconjunctivesbeingfewer.Thereforearticles,conjunctives,prepositionsandpronounscanbeomittedinordertomaketheversionsmoothandbrief.66Thecityhasadensemanufacturingpopulation.这个城市有稠密的工业人口。Iknowmyfriendsfromthefeeloftheirfaces.我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。

67Iframedthewordsinmymind:“Pardonme,buthaveIdonesomethingtooffendyou?”我心理在嘀咕：“对不起，我有什么举止行为冒犯你了吗？”

Asitislate,letusgotobed.不早啦，睡吧！68FromtheperspectiveofdictionSomewordsareindispensableinEnglish,butitisnottrueofChinese.Tomaketheversionbriefandconcise,thesewordsneededinoriginalshouldbeomittedintargetlanguage.Theproblemofalternativefuelsofvehicleisoneproblemweshallapproach.车辆的代用燃料是我们将要研究的一个问题

69Herdarkeyesmadelittlereflectedstars.Shewaslookingathimasshewasalwayslookingathimwhenheawakened.她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁，他平素醒来的时候，他也是这样望着他。（此句中有两个“shewaslookingathim”,如不作省略而译为“她像平常那样望着她一样望着他”，汉语就显得罗嗦重复，佶屈聱牙。）70Shiftofperspective

Thereareagreatvarietyofshiftforms:(1)shiftof