考点19概要写作技巧-新高考英语一轮总复习培优全

考点19概要写作技巧TOC\o"12"\h\u课前热身练 1核心考点梳理 3（一）概要写作常考体裁 3（二）写作步骤 4（三）如何概括主旨大意 4（四）如何用自己语言表达原文主旨 7当堂知识检测 11课后巩固提高 19课前热身练Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Kangarooscan“talk”tousKangarooscan“talk”topeople,accordingtoanewstudy.Thereportisthefirstresearchofitskindtobedoneonmarsupials—atypeofcreaturewhoseyounggetcarriedinskinpocketsontheirmother’sbody.Itsuggestskangaroosareclevererthanpreviouslythought.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofRoehamptonintheUKandtheUniversityofSydneyinAustraliatestedkangaroosattheAustralianReptile(爬行动物)Park,WildlifeSydneyZooandKangarooProtectionCooperative.Thescientistsputfoodinaboxthatthekangarooscouldnotopen,andwaitedtoseewhattheanimalswoulddo.Ratherthangivingup,10outofthe11kangaroosactivelylookedatthepersonwhohadputthefoodintheboxandthenlookedatthebox.Theresearcherssaidthiscouldbeinterpretedasthekangaroosrequestinghelptoopenthecontainer.DrAlexandraGreen,acoauthorofthestudy,toldTheGuardiannewspaperthatsomeofthekangaroosactuallyapproachedthepersonandstartedscratching(挠)andsniffing(嗅)him,thenlookedbackatthebox.“Sotheywerereallytryingtomunicate,”Greensaid.Thisbehaviourisnotunmoninanimals.However,itisusuallyonlyseenindomesticatedanimals,suchaspetsorfarmanimals.Theleadauthorofthestudy,DrAlanMcElligott,explained,“Throughthisstudy,wewereabletoseethatmunicationbetweencreaturescanbelearntandthatthebehaviouroflookingathumanstoaccessfoodisnotrelatedtodomestication.“Indeed,kangaroosshowedaverysimilarpatternofbehaviourwehaveseenindogs,horsesandevengoats,whenputtothesametest,”headded.Itishopedthatthestudywillgivepeopleamorepositiveattitudetowardskangaroos,whicharesometimesseenasharmfulcreaturesthatdamagefarmers’crops.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________71．Inarecentstudy,kangarooshaveprovedtobesmarterthanwethought—theyhavetheabilitytomunicatewithhumans.Facingtheinaccessiblefoodinthetests,kangarooswhicharesimilartodomesticatedanimalswerefoundtoturntopeopleusingbodylanguage.Thefindingshaverefreshedthescientists’understandingofkangaroos’behaviour,probablyimprovingourperceptionofthem.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。①Kangarooscan“talk”topeople,accordingtoanewstudy.②Thescientistsputfoodinaboxthatthekangarooscouldnotopen,andwaitedtoseewhattheanimalswoulddo.Ratherthangivingup,10outofthe11kangaroosactivelylookedatthepersonwhohadputthefoodintheboxandthenlookedatthebox.Theresearcherssaidthiscouldbeinterpretedasthekangaroosrequestinghelptoopenthecontainer.③DrAlexandraGreen,acoauthorofthestudy,toldTheGuardiannewspaperthatsomeofthekangaroosactuallyapproachedthepersonandstartedscratching(挠)andsniffing(嗅)him,thenlookedbackatthebox.④Itishopedthatthestudywillgivepeopleamorepositiveattitudetowardskangaroos,whicharesometimesseenasharmfulcreaturesthatdamagefarmers’crops.将第1、2两个要点进行重组整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。①Inarecentstudy,kangarooshaveprovedtobesmarterthanwethought—theyhavetheabilitytomunicatewithhumans.②Facingtheinaccessiblefoodinthetests,kangarooswhicharesimilartodomesticatedanimals,werefoundtoturntopeopleusingbodylanguage.③Thefindingshaverefreshedthescientists’understandingofkangaroos’behaviour,probablyimprovingourperceptionofthem.【点睛】[高分句型1]Facingtheinaccessiblefoodinthetests,kangarooswhicharesimilartodomesticatedanimals,werefoundtoturntopeopleusingbodylanguage.运用一个主从复合句对第二三段进行概括。运用了which引导的限定性定语从句。[高分句型2]：Thefindingshaverefreshedthescientists’understandingofkangaroos’behaviour,probablyimprovingourperceptionofthem.用improving现在分词表示自然而然的结果，对第三段部分内容和第四段进行总结。核心考点梳理在《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》中，对于概要写作的要求是“提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇不超过60词的内容概要。”从题目要求可以看出，概要写作是“阅读+写作”的复合写作任务，因此对于学生的阅读理解能力、概括归纳能力和书面表达能力等都提出了很高的要求。概要写作评分时主要从以下几个方面考虑：（1）主旨概括是否客观全面（2）要点呈现是否主次分明（3）语言表达是否言简意赅（4）篇章结构是否紧凑贯通（一）概要写作常考体裁概要写作涉及最多的文本体裁是记叙文（narration)、说明文（exposition)和议论文(argumentation)。记叙文：找出时间（when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、起因（why)，以及结果(how)等要素。如果是夹叙夹议的文章，还要加上作者的看法、观点或感悟。但具体写作时并非所有要素都要包括其中，最重要的是某人(who)做了某事(what)结果如何(how)。总之，记叙文体裁的概要通常包括:①谁做了什么？（whodidwhat)②结果怎么样？（whatwastheresult)③作者要表达什么?(包括作者的看法、观点、感悟或写作目的。假如原文没有提及，概括时可以不写。）说明文：通常会有较为明显的主题句，写概要时找出中心句，抓住关键词。对现象分析型说明文，找出“现象”、“造成这种现象的原因”以及“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。议论文：找出论点、论据和结论，其关键是找出主题句或结论句。要明确表述原文作者的观点，如果原文中有不同的两种观点，则都要概括其中，不能遗漏任何一方的观点。不同体裁文本的概要写作基本结构概括如下：文章体裁主题句拓展句概要形式记叙文故事的写作目的/主题1句）故事大意，突出冲突以及故事背后含义(2—3句）主题句+若干拓展句+总结说明文说明的观点/对象/现象1句）解释/分述(2—3句）议论文文章论点1句）论据(2—3句）（二）写作步骤1、细读原文，明确文章的主题。2、根据文章内容划分各段，找出每段的主旨大意。3、用自己的话转述各段大意。（三）如何概括主旨大意概括主旨大意，首先要抓住文章的主题句，然后在完整理解文章内容的基础上进行概括归纳。段落的主题句可能出现在段首、段末、段落中间，段落也可能没有明显的主题句。那么针对不同的情况，我们可以有什么不同的方法呢？我们一起来看以下的示例。找准主题句概括主旨大意中文段落写作是螺旋/线型的发展方式：重铺垫，讲渲染，讲究“言归正传”。而英文写作主要体现为直线型发展方式：第一句话“开门见山，一语破题”，结论句直接重复，扣题。换句话说，英文文章表意较直接，直奔主题，多数段落以主题句为开端，在文章的开始部分就会阐明主题。而且，英文写作是由一般到特殊，先概括后举例，先讲整体轮廓，后说诸多细节。了解英语写作特点将有利于把握文章的主题句，请同学们读以下的段落，根据文本的特点，快速寻找出主题句。AEducationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes，theprejudices，andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.非常明显，这个段落的主题句就是Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety•在随后的展开部分阐明了为什么说教育是反映社会的明镜。段落是属于总—分结构。BIndevelopingcountries,poorpeoplehavesufferedthemostfromshortagesofcleanwater.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.First,inmanydevelopingcountries,themajorityofhousesinpoorvillagesandurbanslumsarenotyetservedbyapipedwatersystem.Peoplelivingintheseplacesoftenhavetowalkmanymilestofindwaterandcarryithomeinjugsandplasticcontainers.Second,thesepeopleusuallyhavefewalternativestothepipedwatersupply.Theremaybewatercloserbyinriversorlakes,butthisisoftendangerouslypolluted.Inpoorareas,streetvendorsoftensellwaterbytheliter,buttheyoftenchargeextremelyhighpricesforwaterthatisnotalwayssafetodrink.本段的主题句是Indevelopingcountries，poorpeoplehavesufferedthemostfromshortagesofcleanwater.这一段落主要是说明在发展中国家，很多穷人所面临的一个问题——清洁水源严重短缺。随后在展开部分阐述了造成这一问题的原因。是说明文“现象+原因”的结构。CCollegelifeisanimportantstageinourlife.Itisincollegethatwebegintoliveandstudybyourselves.Itisincollegethatwelearntobeindependentofourparents.Itisincollegethatwe，likeNewton,aresearchingforbeautifulshellsonthebeachofknowledge.Meanwhile，itisincollegethatwebeematuredandfullygrownup,bothphysicallyandmentally.Consequently,weshouldcherishitandmakethemostofit.段首句就是主题句，开门见山表明观点Collegelifeisanimportantstageinourlife.展开的部分论证了为什么大学阶段是人生的重要阶段，最后一句强调结论。是比较典型的“论点——论据—结论”的议论文结构。DAmongsomanyHollywoodactorsandactress,AudreyHepburnistheonewhoIadmiremost.Shewasafilmandfashioniconandasymbolofnaturalbeautyaswell.Asafilmstar,Audreyprovedhertalentwithherseveralgreatsuccesses,earningfourOscarnominations.HermostfamousfilmsincludeRomanHoliday,FunnyFace,BreakfastatTiffany’sandMyFairLady.Audrey’sbeautifuleyesandsweetsmilehaveattractedmanyfansovertheyears.Buttherewassomethingevenmorebeautifulinherheart.Sheshowedthissideparticularlytowardsthelatterpartofherlife,withherworkfortheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund.Inhersixties,Audreydevotedherselftohelpingchildreninpoorareas.ThisbrilliantHollywoodstarwaslikeakindmothertomanyofthesekids.Shehuggedthemandkissedthemasiftheywereherown.Peopleallovertheworldweretouchedbyherkindness.Thatwasthereasonwhysheismyidol.WhenHepburndiedin1993,theworldmournedthelossofagreatbeauty,agreatactressandagreathumanitarian.这是一篇记叙文，作者在第一段就表明写作目的是向读者介绍一位自己最敬仰的人物，AudreyHepburnistheonewhoIadmiremost.但是第一段的第二句才是主题句Shewasafilmandfashioniconandasymbolofnaturalbeautyaswell•在接下来的段落中作者运用细节进行人物描写，凸显人物性格特点以及在自己心目中的地位。提取关键词概括主旨大意在没有明确的主题句的情况下，学生需要通过定位、提取和整合分散在原文中的关键词对段落或者篇章进行主旨概括。AGenerally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy（四川卷）这是一段关于人体荷尔蒙的产生和释放的实验研究说明文，但是文中没有明显的主题句。这时我们就可以利用关键词信息来概括主旨大意。首先通过段落中的衔接词“Generally”和“but”了解到研究结果涉及两个方面;然后在前后两个句子中又可以找出“thehormoneoxytocin”“isletout’’“create”“positive’’“negative’’“socialinteraction”等关键词，通过整合，概括主旨大意为：Experimentsshowourbodycreatesandletouthormoneoxytocinduringbothpositiveandnegativesocialinteractions.BHumankindhastriedtoimproveitsstandardoflivingsincetheverybeginningofcivilization.Backthen,aswellastoday,providingfoodandsecuritywasthebasictaskforaperson.However,nowadaystherangeofrequiredgoodshasexpandedsignificantly.Peoplefeeltheneedfornotonlysomeprimarythings,suchasapieceofbreadandaroofovertheirheads,butalsoforvariousfacilitiesandluxuries.Providinghumanitywiththesethingsisconnectedtotheuseofnaturalresources,whichrequiresenergy.Inturn,themonsourcesofenergyweusetodaycausepollution,soeconomicgrowthisalmostinevitablyassociatedwithenvironmentaldamage.这一段落没有主题句，衔接词“However”提示之前部分是为引出话题而做的铺垫，之后是作者要表达的主要内容或观点。另外衔接词“Inturn”提示同学们之后表达的往往是一种结果。找到衔接词之后，对段落的基本结构有所了解，随后在段落中确定关键词，分别为“improve”“requiredgoods”“expanded”“useofmonsourceofenergy’’“pollution”和“damageenvironment”这些关键词的确定，有助于理清原文的脉络，即satisfyhumandesire—overusenaturalresources——causepollution——damageenvironment，整个段落的主旨就可以概括为:Tosatisfyincreasingdesiresforabetterlife,humankindconsumestheenergyingfromnaturalresources,whichcausesunavoidableenvironmentaldamage.CTherearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanimproveourEnglish，First，wecanreadasmanyEnglishbooks,newspapersandmagazinesaspossible.Next,wemaylistentoEnglishprogramsontheradioorwatchEnglishprogramsonTVeveryday.Besides,itisnecessaryforustoseizeeveryopportunitytospeakEnglishbothinandafterclass.Finally,itisequallyimportanttoformthehabitoftakingnotesandkeepingadiaryinEnglish.显而易见，段落首句就是主题句，其中，关键词是“ways”和“improveEnglish”。如果将主旨大意概括为提高英语的方法有很多，未免显得很空泛，所以我们可以从衔接词“First”“Next”“Besides”和“Finally”后的内容中提取一些关键词“read”“listen”“speaking”“takingnotes”和“keepingadiary”，进行整合，相对而言能够更精确地表达主旨大意。这一段落的主旨大意概括为：WecanimproveourEnglishbyreadingandlisteningtomoreEnglishmaterials,takingchancestospeakandwritinginEnglish.（四）如何用自己语言表达原文主旨概要写作强调写作者用自己的语言言简意赅地表达原文的主旨大意和重要内容，要避免照搬原文。释义(paraphrase)是将听到或看到的内容用自己的语言进行表达，可以借鉴原文的内容，但是要学会用各种方法来进行改写，达到“神似形不似”的境界。下面我们就具体来学习怎样利用paraphrase来进行改写吧。使用不同的词汇(1)同义替换：这是paraphrase最简单的方法，就是用近义词或者同义短语替换原文中相应的部分。使用这种方法时，通常不需对句子的其他部分进行改动。例1Itismonlybelievedthattakingregularexercisedoesgoodtopeople’shealth.—Itiswidelyacceptedthattakingregularexercisedoesgoodtopeopledhealth.—Itisgenerallythoughtthattakingregularexercisedoesgoodtoone'shealth.在这一例句中，同学们既可以对“monlybelieved”进行同义替换，也可以对“doesgoodtopeople’shealth”进行同义替换，都可以达到改写的目的。我们再来看一例：例2Thanksforyourhelp,wepletedthedemandingtaskaheadofschedule.—Becauseofyourhelp,wepletedthedemandingtaskaheadofschedule.—Owingtoyourhelp,wefinishedthedemandingtaskaheadofschedule.—Withyourhelp,wefinishedthedifficulttaskinadvance.在这一例句中，同学们可以针对“Thanksfor”“plete”和“aheadofschedule”进行同义替换。在平时的学习中，同学们邊该尽量积累词汇，尤其对于一些常用的同义词的积累，不仅可以帮助扩大词汇量，也能使自己在句子改写中游刃有余。在练习的过程中，同学们要尽量尝试多用不同的同义词替换原文内容。部分常用同义替换表达的归纳见下表：原义同义词;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;(2)改变词性：这一方法和同义替换较为类似，但它是通过词性转换的形式替换原文中的相应内容。例3Theyoungmanwassentencedtoprisonbecausehegotinvolvedinamurder.—Theyoungmanwassentencedtoprisonbecauseofhisinvolvementinamurder.在这一例中，用名词involvement替换了动词involve。在词性变化的时候，必要时对句子的结构也要做相应的改变，以免产生句式上的错误。例4WhattheyhaveachievedisreallyvaluableinpreventingandtreatingHIVinfection.—TheirachievementsarereallyvaluableinpreventingandtreatingHIVinfection.—TheirachievementsaresignificantinthepreventionandtreatmentofHIVinfection.这一例句中，achieve(v.)，prevent(v.)，treat(v.)都从动词变成了名词，在句子或词组结构上也相应作了一些改变。除了动词和名词之间的互相转换，形容词和名词、形容词和副词等也可以互换。我们再来举两个例子。例5Theyhaveeupwithseveralideastosolvethetoughproblem.—Theyhavethoughtofafewsolutionstotheproblem.例6Variousselectivecoursesaredesignedtomeettheneedsofthestudents.—Avarietyofoptionalcoursesaredesignedtosatisfythedemandsofthestudents.例7Itisnecessaryfor60yearoldsandbeyondtotakearegularphysicalexamination.—Itisessentialfortheseniorcitizenstotakemedicalexamsregularly.(3)使用不同的连接词：连接词不仅连接句子，也连接段落，所以掌握一些连接词的替换，对改写也有很大的帮助。例8Theweatherwasterrible,asaresult，theyhadtochangetheirplan.—Theweatherwassoterriblethattheyhadtochangetheirplan.—Theweatherwasterriblesothattheyhadtochangetheirplan.例9Thoughhehasmadegreatefforts,hestillfailedinthedrivingtest.—Inspiteofhisgreatefforts,hestillfailedinthedrivingtest.—Despitehistremendousefforts,hedidn’tpassthedrivingtest.例10Wewon’ttrusthimanylongerifhedoesn’ttellusthetruth.—Wewon’tbelieveinhimanymoreunlesshetellsusthetruth.以上例句给同学们示范了一些常用的连词的替换。在实际写作中，我们往往利用多种方法对原句进行改写，所以同学们可以不拘泥于一种方式。部分常用连接词的归纳：逻辑关系连接词表对比/转折however；ontheotherhand;despite;inspiteof;though;although;but;onthecontrary;otherwise;yet;insteadof;rather;ratherthan;whereas;nevertheless;eventhough表递进What’smore;inaddition;moreover;furthermore;besides...表因果Therefore;so;asaresult;consequently;thus;accordingly;inthisway;dueto;becauseof;owingto;resultfrom;resultin;leadto;because表总结Inshort;Inbrief;Briefly;Tosumup;Onthewhole;Inaword(4)对原词进行逆向表达：对一些形容词或副词进行修改，比如釆用反义词、双重否定即肯定等改写手段也可以达到用自己语言表达原文的目的。例11Thepresentsituationisnotassimpleashethought.—Thecurrentsituationismoreplicatedthanhethought.例12IhaveneverseenabetterfilmthantheoneIsawyesterday.—ThefilmIsawyesterdayisthebestIhaveeverseen.例13ItisnotunmonforAmericanstomovearoundforvariousreasons.—ItismonforAmericanstomovearoundfordifferentreasons.使用不同的句型(1)词序的改变。例1Janestaredatthesunsetassheateapples.—Janeateappleswhenshestaredatthesunset.例2Theygotupat5inthemorningsoastocatchtheearliestbus.Tocatchtheearliestbus,theygotupat5a.m.(2)主被动语态的转换。例3Thegovernmentencouragescitizenstotakepublictransportationwhentheytravelaround.→Citizensareencouragedtotakepublictransporttotravelaround.例4 Theyhavetriedeverymeanstosavethedrowningboybutfailed.→Everymeanshasbeenusedtosavethedrowningboybutfailed.例5 Theconstructionofthenewtunnelbenefitspeoplelivingonbothsidesoftheriver.→Peoplelivingonbothsidesoftheriverbenefitfromtheconstructionofthenewtunnel.例6 Theheavyrainresultedinthelandslide,whichkilledover100villagers.→Thelandslide,whichkilledover100villagers,resultedfromtheheavyrain.主动和被动语态之间的转换，除了动词结构的变化之外，还有词组之间的转换，比如resultfrom和resultin;benefit和benefitfrom;basesth.onsth.和bebasedon等，同学们要学会灵活转换。(3)从句和非谓语动词结构的转换。例7 TheyhavelivedinShanghaifornearly10years,sotheyarequitefamiliarwiththecity.→HavinglivedinShanghaifornearlyonedecade,they’requitefamiliarwithit.例8 Manyofthestudentsarenowintheclassroomandtheyaretakingalunchbreak.→Manystudentsarenowintheclassroomtakingalunchbreak.例9 Theactivitywhichisdesignedtoraisepeople’sawarenessofanimalprotectionispopularwiththeresidents.→Theactivitydesignedtoraisetheawarenessofanimalprotectioniswellreceivedbytheresidents.→Theactivitywhoseaimistomakepeopleawareofanimalprotectiongainsgreatpopularityamongtheresidents.例10Theapartmentbuildingcollapsedandmanypeoplelosttheirhomes.→Theapartmentbuildingcollapsed,leavingmanypeoplehomeless.→Manypeoplelosttheirhomeswiththecollapseofthebuilding.例11TomwasadmittedtoCambridgeUniversityandheisthefirstinhishometowntostudyabroad.→Tom’sbeingadmittedtoCambridgeUniversitymakeshimthefirstinhishometowntostudyabroad.(4)概括性的词代替具体的词。例12Somepeoplegotocollegetolearnatrade，somegotoenteraprofession，andothers，havingnoimmediatecareergoals,gofortheloveoflearning.→Peoplegotocollegeforvariousreasons.例13ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimesandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringherholiday.→Shebroughthomeavarietyofreadingmaterialstoenjoyinhervocation.（五）评分原则①本题总分为10分，其中内容5分，语言5分。②62个字以上酌情扣分。③语言全部沿用原文，语言分为0；内容分不超过4分④连续沿用原文5个字以上，语言分扣1分评分标准及细则档次语言内容A55B44C33D22E11各档次给分要求：内容部分A.能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。B.能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。C.能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。D.未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。E.几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息语言部分A.能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。B.能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。C.基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。D.基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。E.几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。当堂知识检测1．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Howyouruniquestorycangetyouhired?You’resittingatyourputertoapplyforyourdreamjob,butsuddenlyyou’renotconfidentenoughtogetit.Soyoudon’tevensubmittheapplication.Itisnaturalforyoutoexperienceselfdoubtatsuchacrucialmoment,especiallyifyou’repeopleofcolor,firstgenerationcollegestudent,oryoudon’thaveatraditionalbackground.Thesecretistotransformhowyouperceiveyourownstory.Askyourselftwoquestions.Thefirstone:whydoyouwanttodothiswork?Maybeyoualreadyknowthekindofjoborworkenvironmentthatmakesyouhappy,ormaybeyouhaven’tquitefiguredthatoutyet.Usually,yourpersonalexperiencescanhelpgiveyouclues.Forexample,yourbrotherhadtooverehisdyslexia(诵读困难症),andyouhelpedhimwithhisreading.Gradually,youbecameinterestedineducation.Thatmotivatedyoutoworkasateacher.Thesecondquestionyouhavetoaskyourself:howcanyoutellyourstorytoexhibittheuniquequalitiesyouhave?Forexample,youundertookmultiplejobsunrelatedtoyourmajorwhileyouwereincollege.Whenyou’reinaninterview,goaheadandtalkaboutthem,becauseitwillshowtheemployerthatyouhavetimemanagementskillsandastrongpassionforwork.Employersarelookingforwellroundedindividualsthatarecapableofacplishingvariousjobtasks.Gobackandreflectonthosetoughquestionsthatyouneedtoanswer.Theanswersarewhatmakesyouyou.Reframingyourstorycanremakeyourconfidenceoverandoveragain,butittakestime.It’slikerunningamarathon.Youhavetotrainandpractice.Whenyoulearntopracticeyourstory,tellitwithassurance.You’resuretostandoutamongallthecandidates.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】(version1)Whenyoudoubtyourselfinjobhunting,viewingyourownstoryfromadifferentperspectiveishelpful.First,lookforsomepossiblemotivesfromyourpreviousexperiences.Second,digyourstrengthsanddemonstratethemtotheemployers.Ifyoumakefulluseoftheseskills,itismorelikelyforyoutogetyourdreamjob.(55words)(version2)Youruniquestorycanhelpyougetyourdreamjobsuccessfully.Thekeyistomakegooduseofthestory.First,askyourselfwhyyouwanttodothisworkbyreferringtoyourpersonalexperiences.Second,figureouthowyoucandemonstrateyouruniquestrengthstotheemployers.Withtheseskills,youaremorelikelytogethired.(60words)【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在申请自己梦想中的工作时，要改变对自己故事的看法，首先弄清楚自己为什么要做这项工作，其次，在面试时，展现自己的独特品质，以此在所有候选人中脱颖而出。①Itisnaturalforyoutoexperienceselfdoubtatsuchacrucialmoment.Thesecretistotransformhowyouperceiveyourownstory.②Thefirstone:whydoyouwanttodothiswork?Usually,yourpersonalexperiencescanhelpgiveyouclues.③Thesecondquestionyouhavetoaskyourself:howcanyoutellyourstorytoexhibittheuniquequalitiesyouhave?④Whenyoulearntopracticeyourstory,tellitwithassurance.You’resuretostandoutamongallthecandidates.将第1、4个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合。Whenyouexperienceselfdoubtinjobhunting,perceivingyourownstoryfromadifferentperspectiveishelpful.First,lookforsomepossiblereasonsfromyourpersonalexperiences.Second,digyouruniquequalitiesandexhibitthemtotheemployers.Ifyoumakefulluseoftheseskills,itismorelikelytostandoutamongallthecandidates.【点睛】【高分句型1】Whenyoudoubtyourselfinjobhunting,viewingyourownstoryfromadifferentperspectiveishelpful.（运用了主从复合句对第一段进行概括，其中when引导的时间状语从句、动名词短语作句子主语表达高级）【高分句型2】Ifyoumakefulluseoftheseskills,itismorelikelyforyoutogetyourdreamjob.（运用了主从复合句对第四段进行概括，其中if引导的条件状语从句表达高级）2．（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.DoesRecyclingWorkForPlastic?Dealingwithplasticwasteisalwaysatoughproblem.AccordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD),halfoftheworld’splasticwasteendsupinalandfill,19%burned,andanother22%escapeswastemanagementsystemsandgoesintouncontrolleddumpsites.Soenvironmentalistssuggestplasticwasteshouldberecycledproperly,whichprovesaneffectivewaytohandleotherwastelikepaper,cardboard,metalandglass.However,anewstudybyGreenpeace,andreportingintheBostonGlobe,suggeststhatrecyclingplasticisa“myth”andraisesamajorquestionaboutthefuture:doesrecyclingwork?Unfortunately,theshortansweris“notreally.”There’sbeenalotofdebateoverwhatreallyhappenstorecycledplastic.Butscientistssaythatrecyclingplasticwastehasmostlyfailedbecauseit’sverydifficulttocollectandnearlyimpossibletosort.Becauseplasticisoftenmadefromharmfulmaterials,itcanbeharmfultotheenvironmenttoreprocess.Muchofthesolutionfallsonbigpaniestochangethewaytheydobusiness.Thewayforwardseemstobemostlytocutdownonpanies’relianceonplasticpackaging,andtomovetowardreusablepackagingandpackagingfreealternatives.Aboveall,paniesneedtophaseoutallsingleuseplastics.Fortheconsumer,livingmoreplasticfreeistheonlyrealsolutionavailable.Avoidingdrinksinplasticcontainers,usingatravelmugorreusablewaterbottle,bringingyourownreusablebag,buyinginbulkandcuttingbackonprepackagedfoodsareallagoodstart.Butintheend,corporateAmericaneedsadeepermitmenttotheplasticwasteproblem.“paniesmusttakeactionnowtogetridofsingleuseplasticsandpackagingandnotrelyonfalsesolutionssuchasrecycling,”saysGreenpeace.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Whilerecyclingplasticwasteisremendedbyenvironmentalists,thepracticeseemsunworkable,asanewstudysuggests.Plasticwasteishardtogatherandclassifyasitsreprocessingmayreleasesomethingharmful.Toaddresstheproblem,paniesshouldbeenvironmentallyresponsiblebyreducingtheirdependenceonplasticpackagingandconsumersshouldadoptaplasticfreelifestyle.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，尽管环保人士建议回收塑料垃圾，但这种做法似乎行不通。塑料垃圾很难收集和分类，因为再处理可能会释放有害物质。为了解决这个问题，企业应该减少对塑料包装的依赖，对环境负责，消费者应该采取无塑料的生活方式。【详解】1.要点摘录①Soenvironmentalistssuggestplasticwasteshouldberecycledproperly,whichprovesaneffectivewaytohandleotherwastelikepaper,cardboard,metalandglass.②However,anewstudybyGreenpeace,andreportingintheBostonGlobe,suggeststhatrecyclingplasticisa“myth”andraisesamajorquestionaboutthefuture:doesrecyclingwork?Unfortunately,theshortansweris“notreally.”③Butscientistssaythatrecyclingplasticwastehasmostlyfailedbecauseit’sverydifficulttocollectandnearlyimpossibletosort.Becauseplasticisoftenmadefromharmfulmaterials,itcanbeharmfultotheenvironmenttoreprocess.④Thewayforwardseemstobemostlytocutdownonpanies’relianceonplasticpackaging,andtomovetowardreusablepackagingandpackagingfreealternatives.2.缜密构思将1、2两个要点进行简化重组，将3、4两个要点进行简化整合。3.遣词造句Whilerecyclingplasticwasteisremendedbyenvironmentalists,thepracticeseemsunworkable,asanewstudysuggests