江苏省镇江地区2023-2024学年高二上学期开学英语试题

高二期初质量检测试卷英语注意：本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟;所有答案填写在答题卡上，否则无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Anassistant. B.Adeliveryman. C.Apatient.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheweatherlike?A.Sunny. B.Windy. C.Snowy.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhenisthemanleavingforRussia?A.At6:00p.m. B.At1:00p.m. C.At8:00a.m.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwantatfirst?A.Anegg. B.Aglassofwater. C.Somecoffee.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whereisthesupermarket?A.OnGreenStreet. B.Besideaflowerstore. C.Oppositeaflowerstore.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthefirstshirt?A.Itissimilartooneofhisoldshirts.B.Itscolordoesn’tsuithim.C.Itspriceistoohigh.7Whichshirtwillthemanbuy?A.Thewhiteone. B.Thegreenone. C.Theblackone.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhatwillthewomanprobablydoatChristmas?A.Stayathomealone.B.Goshoppingwithherson.C.Havedinnerwiththeman’sfamily.9.Whereisthemanlikelytoshop?A.Atthemall. B.Atthebookstore. C.Atonlineshops10.Whatpresentwillthewomangivetheman?A.Ateabox. B.Books. C.Chinesetea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatexampledoesthemangivetoprovehispoint?A.Hisaunt’sexample. B.Hisfather’sexample. C.Hisownexample.12.Whatdidthemandolastmonth?A.Hetookpartinacompetition.B.Helearnedtoplaytheviolin.C.Hetaughthisfathertoplaytheguitar.13.WhatdoesSusan’sexampleprove?A.Hardworkismoreimportant.B.Talentismoreimportant.C.Talentisasimportantashardwork.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhydoesthemanspeakChinesewell?A.BecausehiscolleaguesareChinese.B.BecausehelikeswatchingChinesemovies.C.BecausehiscompanydoesbusinesswithChinesefirms.15.WhatkindofChinesemoviesdoesthemanespeciallylike?A.Warfilms. B.Comedies. C.Actionmovies.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Checkmoviereviews.B.SpeakChinesemoreoften.C.Watchthemovieherself.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whichresolutiondidthespeakermostlysticktolastyear?A.Exercisingeveryday.B.Quittingsocialmedia.C.Doing20-minutehouseworkeachday.18.Howlongdoesthespeakerspendonherphoneeveryday?A.Onetotwohours. B.Twotothreehours. C.Threetofourhours.19.WhatpercentageofpeopletypicallymakeNewYear’sresolutions?A.Atleast25%. B.Morethan35%. C.Around45%.20.WhydopeoplemakeresolutionsonJanuary1st?A.Tofollowtheculturaltradition.B.Todecreasetheobstaclesofoldhabits.CToincreasethechancesofachievingtheirgoals.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABooksYouWon’tPutDownTheUnequalTwinsbySylvaKanderalWhatif...thetwinsAvaandZoe,whocouldhardlybedistinguishedfromeachothervisuallyandwhocouldnothavebeenmoredifferentincharacter,hadtogothroughextremeenvy?Wheredoesthattrailleadto?Toatotallossoftheirconnection,ortheirfindingthelostpathtoeachotheragain?www.xlibris.comHardback$28.99|Paperback$16.99|E-book$3.99QuotesfromtheQuiverbyDanteP.GaliberInspiredbytime,space,andhumaninteraction,thiscollectionoffersaseriesoforiginalideasandquotationsdesignedtoupliftandenlightenitsreaders.www.authorhouse.comHardback$43.99|Paperback$22.99|E-book$3.99Johnny:CatchingFirebyAaronAllenJohnnywasgiventhestrengthofSamson(大力士).Now,hemustdecidewhethertousehispowerforgoodortogetevenwiththosewhobulliedhimatschool.www.xlibris.comHardback$22.99|Paperback$16.99|E-book$3.99TingTing,theGirlWhoSavedChinabyRyanO’ConnorTingTing,theGirlWhoSavedChinaprovidesinsightsintoChina’sbiggestholiday,givesasenseofitsculture,andshowsthatgirlsarejuststrongandbraveenoughtobeheroines.www.xlibris.comHardback$22.99|Paperback$16.99|E-book$3.95HowtoHelpYourselftoBeWhoYouWanttoBebyPamGrewallThisself-improvementbookoffersasimpleguidetohelpitsreadersrecognizetheirstrengthsandweaknessesandtounderstandhowtomaketheirownfate.www.iuniverse.comHardback$23.99|Paperback$13.99|E-book$3.9921.Ifyouareinterestedinsomequotationstoinspireyourself,youwouldpreferthebookof______.A.DanteP.Galiber. B.PamGrewall.C.SylvaKanderal. D.AaronAllen.22.Whichbookmaybemostsuitableforthosewhowanttoredirecttheirlives?A.QuotesfromtheOuiver. B.TheUnequalTwins.C.Johnny:CatchingFire. D.HowtoHelpYourselftoBeWhoYouWanttoBe.23.Whatdothesefivebookshaveincommon?A.Theyallcomeoutfromthesamepress. B.Theyareallsoldatthesamepriceasthee-book.C.Theyareallavailableatthesamewebsite. D.Theyareallsetintherealworld.BPrehistoricpeoplemayhaveusedfirelighttocreatetheillusion(错觉)ofmovementintheirart.Ananalysisof50carvedstonesdugoutinFrancesuggeststhatwhenthestoneswereplacednearafire,thelightmadethecarvedanimalsseemtomove,researchersreportApril20inPLOSONE.Thesestones,or“plaquettes”warefoundinthe1860sinarock-sheltercalledMontastruc,andarecarvedwithanimalssuchashorsesanddeer.ThesitewasusedbyMagdalenianpeople,hunter-gathererswhoinhabited(居住)theareabetween23,000and14,000yearsago.Theresearchersanalyzedheatdamageonthestones,whichindicatedthembeingdirectlyexposedtohightemperaturesforalongperiod,andcreated3-Dmodelsofthestones.Thosemodelswereimportedtoavirtualrealitysoftwarewheretheywereplacednexttoavirtualhearth(壁炉炉床)sothattheareasofheatdamagewereclosesttotheflames,mimicking(模拟)howthestonesmighthavebeenplacedinreallife.Theresearchersthenobservedthevisualeffectsofthevirtualrealitylight.Itwassurprisingtoseehowdynamictheartwasand“howchangedyourexperienceoftheartwasbyasimplething,justputtingitclosetoafire,”saysAndyNeedham,anarchaeologistattheUniversityofYorkinEngland.Theworksuggeststhattheartistspurposelycarvedalongtheoutlineoftherocktoinfluenceviewerstoseemeaningfulmovementthroughtherandompatternoffirelight,hesays.Thefindingaddstoarchaeologists’understandingsoftherelationshipbetweenearlypeople’sartworkandfire.AnotherrecentstudyfoundthatStoneAgehumanscreated“hidden”artindarkcaveswhichcouldbelightedandmadevisibleonlywiththehelpoftherightlighting.24.Whathappenedwhenthe50prehistoricstoneswereplacednearafire?A.Theanimalscarvedonthemseemedtomove.B.Thefiretookontheshapesofdifferentanimals.C.Theanimaldrawingsonthembecamemuchclearer.DAnimalsnearbysuchashorsesanddeerwereattracted.25.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonfortheheatdamageonthestones.B.Thefunctionofthesoftwareintheresearch.C.Thewayinwhichtheresearchwasconducted.D.Theconclusionthatwasdrawnbytheresearchers.26.WhatdoesAndyNeedhamthinkoftheprehistoricartistswhoworkedonthe50stones?A.Hardworking. B.Ambitious. C.Dependable. D.Creative.27.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AncientPeopleMustHaveUsedFireinVariousWays.B.DifferentWaysofUsingFireHaveBeenDiscoveredNow.C.PrehistoricPeopleMayHaveUsedFiretoCreateMovableArt.D.AncientArtistsWereMoreInnovativethanWeNormallyThough.C“Don’tworry;behappy”ismorethanjustsonglyrics(歌词).Agrowingbodyofevidencesupportsanassociationbetweenoptimismandhealthyaging,butitisunclearhowoptimismimpactshealth.Whenitcomestodealingwithday-to-daystressors,suchashouseholdchoresorargumentswithothers,anewstudyhasfoundthatbeingmoreorlessoptimisticdidnotmakeadifferenceinhowoldermenemotionallyreactedtoorrecoveredfromthesestressors.However,optimismappearedtopromoteemotionalwell-beingbylimitinghowoftenoldermenexperiencestressfulsituationsorchangingthewaytheyinterpretsituationsasstressful.“Thisstudytestsonepossibleexplanation,assessingifmoreoptimisticpeoplehandledailystressmoreconstructivelyandthereforeenjoybetteremotionalwell-being,”saidcorrespondingauthorLewinaLee.PhD,clinicalpsychologistattheNationalCenterforPosttraumaticStressDisorderattheVABostonHealthcareSystemandassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Theresearchersfollowed233oldermenwhofirstfinishedanoptimismquestionnaire;14yearslater,theyreporteddailystressorsalongwithpositiveandnegativemoodsoneightconsecutive(连续不断的)eveningsuptothreetimesoveraneight-yearspan.Theresearchersfoundmoreoptimisticmenreportednotonlylowernegativemoodbutalsomorepositivemood.Theyalsoreportedhavingfewerstressorswhichwasunrelatedtotheirhigherpositivemoodbutexplainedtheirlowerlevelsofnegativemood.Whilestudieshavesustainedtheideaofoptimismasaresourcethatmaypromotegoodhealthandlongevity,weknowverylittleabouttheunderlyingmechanisms(机制).“Stress,ontheotherhand.isknowntohaveanegativeimpactonourhealth.Bylookingatwhetheroptimisticpeoplehandleday-to-daystressorsdifferently,ourfindingsaddtoknowledgeabouthowoptimismmaypromotegoodhealthaspeopleage,”saysLee.28.Whatmaybeaffectedbyoptimismaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.People’semotionalwell-being. B.Oldermen’sabilitytoreact.C.Thewaypeopletreatdailystress. D.Thewaythatoptimismwillberesearched.29.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A.Bymakingcomparisons. B.Byanalyzingpossibleresults.C.Bypresentingdifferentopinions. D.Byshowingthecourseandresult.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sustained”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Changed. B.Supported. C.Expected. D.Repeated.31.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acourseplan. B.Atravelbrochure.C.Ahealthmagazine. D.Anewsreport.DHugenumbersofmigrating(迁徙)birdsvisitcitiesallaroundtheworldontheirextraordinaryjourneys,whichoftencoverthousandsofkilometers.Someappeartobeattractedbylight.Othersseemtoenjoythefoodonoffer.Butcitiesarenotalwaysfriendlytooutsiders.Somemigratingbirds,forexample,arekilledbycatswhileotherscollide(碰撞)withbuildings.Whatdrawsbirdstobigcitiesinthefirstplace?Itcouldlargelybetodowithlight,saysBarbaraFreiatEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada,adepartmentoftheCanadiangovernment.Nooneknowsexactlywhybirdsareattractedtoartificiallightatnightbutthereisenoughevidenceforthiseffect.Onepossibility,Freisays,isthatbirdswhichusestarlightandotherphenomenatonavigate(导航)arenaturallyattractedbypointsoflight.Morethan100yearsago,theIrishornithologist(鸟类学家)CharlesPattenwasstationedatalighthouseoffthecoastofIrelandwhereheobservedthisphenomenonfirst-hand.Accordingtohisreports,groupsofmigratingbirdswouldflytowardsthelighthouseand,unfortunatelyforthem,crashintoitswindows.Butbackthen,sourcesofverybright,artificiallightwereuncommon,whereastodayelectriclightisvisiblepracticallyeverywhereatnight.Itisimportanttoensurethatcitiesareaccommodatingforwildlife,saysFrei.Birdmigrationroutesjusthappentobringthemclosetomanycitiesallaroundtheworld,andourbrightlightdrawsthemin.Freiproposesthaturbanplanningtakethisintoaccount.Thedesignersofeverynewparkorhousingestatecouldincludesomeplantssuitableforbirdsandotherspecies,forinstance.“Weshouldplanitforalldifferentthingstogether——it’sgoodforpeople;it’sgoodfortheplanet;It’sgoodforthewildlife.”sheasserts.“weneedtothinkofcitiesasecosystems.ifwethinkaboutit,wearethemastersofthisecosystemandwecandecidehowtomanagethisplace.”32.Whichproblemmaybefacedbymigratingbirdsinthecity?A.Theycouldbeshotbyhunters.B.Thefoodonoffermaybepoisonous.C.Theirlivesarethreatenedbysomeanimals.D.Theymayrunintosomemeansoftransportation.33.Whatismostlikelytoattractbirdstothecity?A.Artificiallight. B.Thelighthouse.C.Starlight. D.Moonlight.34.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Artificiallightisharmfultomigratingbirds.B.Moreandmorebirdspourintothecity.C.Lighthouseshelpbirdsidentifytheirdirections.D.Man-madelightsourceswererichinthepast.35.WhatsuggestiondoesFreimakeforfutureurbanplanning?A.Ecosystemsshouldbebetterprotected.B.Peopleshouldfitmoreartificiallight.C.Thenumberofartificiallightshouldbeincreased.D.Peopleshouldimprovethelivingconditionsofwildlife.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。3D-PrintedViolinsWhileprofessionalviolinistsoftenhaveinstrumentsthatcostbetween$2000and$10,000,itispossibletohaveonethatcostsmillionsdependingonhowtheywereandwhomadethem.___36___Thiscanmakeithardformanytoaccesstheinstrument,especiallyforbeginnersandmusicclassrooms.However,thegoodnewsforthemisthattheywillmeetwithlow-costanddurable(耐用的)3D-printedviolinsthankstoTheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica’sAVIVAYoungArtistsProgram.Theteam’sinspirationrootsinmultipleplaces.Theirgoalsweretoexplorethenewworldofsoundscreatedbyusingnewmaterials,tousethenewtechnologyofotherfields,andtomakemusiceducationaccessiblethroughtheprintingofmoredurableinstruments.___37___Themethodofdistributionhasyettobedecided—itcouldinvolveshippingfullyprintedviolins,sharingthe3D-printingfileswithmakers,oracombinationofboth.___38___TheneckandfingerboardareprintedinsmoothABSplastictoprovideacomfortablegraspforthemusicians,whiletheviolin’sbodyismadeofaplasticpolymersubstance,muchlikeatypicalacoustic(原声的)violin.Theoutcomeisaviolinthatsoundsdarkerandsofterthantraditionallybuiltviolins.___39___“Thenextstepistolowerthecostsofproductionformakingsuchinstrumentsmorewidelyavailable,especiallyinthefieldofeducation,”saidMary-ElizabethBrown,directoroftheAVIVAYoungArtistsProgram.Violinsarenottheonlyinstrumentsthatareproducedthrough3D-printingtechnology.___40___Effectiveresultshavebeenobtainedfrommanyofthem.A.Besides,theAVIVAviolinislessdamagedthanitstraditionalwoodencousins.B.3D-printedviolinshavebeenpopularwithbeginnerssincetheywereinvented.C.Theviolinwasbuiltintwopiecesusing3Dprinting.D.Theprojectisalsotogetviolinstochildrenthatcouldn’totherwiseaffordthem.E.Indeed,evenbasicviolinsforstudentsoftencost$1000ormore.F.Manyinstrumentshavebeenproducedwitha3Dprinterbefore.G.Moststudentshavetogiveuplearningtheinstrumentduetothehighcost.第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Awomanwhohasstruggledtocometotermswithheralopecia(脱发)sinceshewasateenagerisnowworkingasa___41___.“IfirstnoticeditwhenIwasstandinginthemirrortryingto___42___myhairinaponytail(马尾辫)andsawasmallpatchwithno___43___closetomyforehead,”Hansson,26,said,“IwasyoungatthetimesoIwasmostly___44___thatitwascancersincethat’s___45___thefirstthingyouthinkofwhenyouseehairloss.”Afterherdiagnosis,onlyHansson’sclosestfriendsand___46___knewaboutherconditionasshetriedtokeepitasecretand___47___thatshebecame“goodathidingit”.However,asshegotolder,Hanssonlearnedtoacceptheraesthetic(美感)andsaysthatsheisnow___48___goingoutinpublicwithoutwearingawig.Infact,shehaseven___49___acareerinmodelling,“NowIfeellikeIcanbe___50___andthatIdon’tneedto___51___itanymore,”sheexplains.Hansson___52___notacceptingheralopeciasooner,andshesaysthatsheisnowhappydoingwhatshelovesand___53___othersuffererstodothesame.“Don’thide,”shesaid.“Itwillonlymakeyoufeel___54___.Abigstoneofsufferingwill___55___yourbodyifyoucanjustbeyourself.”41.A.doctor B.model C.writer D.hairdresser42.A.tieto B.fastenon C.wrapup D.putup43.A.hair B.dirt C.dust D.spot44.A.surprised B.worried C.excited D.unexpected45.A.specially B.strangely C.rarely D.normally46.A.family B.colleagues C.relatives D.fellows47.A.pretended B.admitted C.predicted D.supposed48.A.confident B.shy C.nervous D.delighted49.A.dreamed B.planned C.pursued D.considered50.A.anyone B.somebody C.myself D.everyone51.A.hide B.face C.cure D.expose52.A.forgets B.regrets C.remembers D.avoids53.A.suggests B.stops C.allows D.urges54.A.happier B.better C.crazier D.worse55.A.shape B.press C.leave D.change第二节短文语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasthe___56___(large)networkofhigh-speedrailwaysintheworld.Asof2022itencompassed(包含)over40,000kilometres(25,000miles)ofhigh-speedrailorovertwo-thirds___57___theworld’stotal.Itisalsotheworld’sbusiestwithanannualridershipofover1.44billionin2016___58___2.01billionin2018morethan60%oftotalpassengerrailvolume.Bytheendof2018,thecumulative(累计的)numberofpassengers___59___(deliver)byhigh-speedrailwaytrainswasreported___60___(be)over9billion.AccordingtoRailwayGazetteInternational,selecttrainsfromBeijingSouthtoNanjingSouthontheBeijing-Shanghaihigh-speedrailwayhavethehighestaverageoperatingspeedat317.7km/hasofJuly2019.Theimproved___61___(mobile)andinterconnectivitycreatedbythesenewhigh-speedraillineshavegenerated___62___entirelynewhigh-speedcommuter(通勤者)marketaroundsomeurban___63___(area).Forexample,commutesvia(通过)high-speedrailbetweenBeijingand___64___(surround)citieshavebecome____65____(increase)common.第三节单词拼写(共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分)根据所给首字母或汉语意思，用单词的适当形式填空。66.TheletterwasnotaddressedtomebutIopeneditoutofc______.(根据首字母单词拼写)67.Hefoundacompanyto______(资助)himthroughcollege.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)68.Theyneedtobe______(容忍的)ofdifferentpointsofview.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)69.He______(抱怨)bitterlythathehadbeenunfairlytreated.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)70.Agentlemanisonewhoneverhurtsanyone’sfeeling______(无意地).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)71.Whenwe’replanningforatrip,weshouldmakea______fortheweather.(根据首字母单词拼写)72.HehasbeenMilan’smost______(始终如一的)playerthisseason.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)73.Contrarytopopularb______,womencausefewerroadaccidentsthanmen.(根据首字母单词拼写)74.Sometimesyoucan’ttakesomeChineseidiomsl______becausetheyhavedeepermeanings.(根据首字母单词拼写)75.Ihavel______myselfto1000caloriesadaytotryandloseweight.(根据首字母单词拼写)第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节应用文(满分15分)76.假定你是李华，你校英语社团正在举办以“ThePowerofRunning”为题演讲活动。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：1．跑步的益处；2．自己的跑步体验；3．呼吁大家投入体育运动。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Hello,everyone!___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thanksforlistening!第二节读后续写(满分20分)77.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Goback,Mom!Goback!”shoutedmysix-year-olddaughter,June.Iquicklyturnedaroundtocastmydoubtfuleyesonthebackseat.worried.Ihadforgottenheryoungersister,Scarlett.Iwasrelievedtoseethegirlssafeandsitintheircarseats.butJune’sexpressionwasoneofpureanxiety.AsIlookedbackfromthedriver’sseatIfoundayoungmaninragsplayinghisguitar.Hisskinny,poor-lookingdogrestednexttohisfeetnearanold,worncardboardsignthatread,“Homeless,pleasehelp.”We’dcomeacrosshomelesspeoplebeforeand