2023-2024学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 2 The Universal Language Welcome to the unit Reading 重点词汇梳理学案

Unit2SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading重点词汇梳理1.composevt.&vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静becomposedof 由……构成composeoneself 使自己镇静composern. [C]作曲家，创作者compositionn. [U]成分，构成；作曲，创作；[C](音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品❶Mozartcomposedhislastoperashortlybeforehisdeath.莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。❷Shespenthersparetimecomposingpoems.她利用空闲时间写诗。❸England,Scotland,andWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。❹TheislandofGreatBritainiscomposedofEngland,ScotlandandWales.大不列颠岛由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成。❺Composeyourselfbeforethedoctorgetshere.医生到来之前要镇静。联想拓展：表示“由……构成”的短语：becomposedofbemadeupofconsistof即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译①He'sa____________(compose)ofseriousmusic.Ilikehismusicalot.②Around15%ofourdiet____________(compose)ofprotein.③Hetriedtocompose____________(he)beforetheexamination.④Dataaboutthemoon's____________(compose),suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunarbasearepractical.水由氢和氧组成⑤Water________________________hydrogenandoxygen⑥Water________________________hydrogenandoxygen.⑦Water________________________hydrogenandoxygen.2．deservevt.值得，应得deservetodosth. 值得做某事；应该做某事sb./sth.deservedoing＝sb./sth.deservetobedone某人/某事值得被……deserve＋n./pron. 值得……，应得……❶Idon'tdeservetostillbeinthetournament.我不应该继续参加这次锦标赛。❷Hedeservestoberememberedforcharityandforgiveness.＝Hedeservesrememberingforcharityandforgiveness.他的仁爱和宽宏大量值得被铭记。❸Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyandthereforedeservesourrespect.一份工作不管多么普通，都在社会中起着作用，因此应受到我们的尊重。特别提示：①除deserve外，后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的还有need,want,require和beworth。Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning/tobecleaned．窗户需要擦一下。Theplaceisworthvisiting．＝Theplaceisworthytobevisited．这个地方值得参观。②deserve后接不定式时，若表示主动意义，则用不定式的主动式；若表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式。Thosewhoworkdeservetoeat．劳动者该得食。Hedeservestobecriticized．他应当受到批评。即学即练学习语法填空/单句写作①Theteamdeserved____________(win)thegamefortheyhadpractisedhardforawholemonth.②It'sgenerallyrecognizedthatwhatshehasdoneforchildrendeserves____________(praise).③艺术家坚称那幅杰作值得享有如此美誉。(deserve＋n.)____________________________________________________________3.whispervt.&vi.耳语，低语n．低语；传言(1)whispersth.tosb. 对某人低声说某事whisperaboutsth. 低声说某事whisper(sth.)insb.'sear 在某人耳边低声说(某事)Itiswhisperedthat... 据私下说……(2)inawhisper＝inwhispers 轻声地，悄悄地❶HewhisperedthemessagetoDavidinordertoavoidbeingoverheardbyothers.他悄声把消息告诉了戴维，以免被别人听见。❷EventhoughitwasonlyOctober,mystudentswerealreadywhisperingaboutholidayplans.尽管才十月份，我的学生们已经在嘀咕假期计划了。❸JamesleanedovertowhispersomethinginTom'sear.詹姆斯探过身去小声对汤姆说了些什么。❹Itiswhisperedthatthemayoristoresign.市长要辞职的消息私下传开了。❺Theytalkedwitheachotherinawhisper/inwhispersinthecorner.他们在那个角落里低声交谈。名师点津：whisper后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词to，即whispersth.tosb.＝whispertosb.sth.。类似结构还有：explainsth.tosb.向某人解释……announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布……introducesth.tosb.向某人介绍……suggeststh.tosb.向某人提议……reportsth.tosb.向某人报告……即学即练单句写作①我们只好低声交谈，因为其他人都睡着了。____________________________________________________________②为了不被周围的人听见，她在耳边低语。____________________________________________________________4.overcomevt.(overcame,overcome)受到……的极大影响；克服，解决：战胜(1)beovercomeby/with... 被……(某种情绪)控制；受到……的极大影响(2)overcomeproblems/difficulties 解决问题/克服困难overcomeone'sshyness/fear(s) 克服某人的羞怯/恐惧overcometheenemy/opponent 战胜敌人/对手❶Theentirecountrywasovercomewithsadnessforeighteenfirefightersandoneguidewhowerekilledintheforestfire.那场森林大火中18名消防队员和1名向导遇难，举国悲痛。❷Herparentswereovercomewithgreatsadnessatthefuneral.在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。❸Oneoftheprocessesofgrowingupisbeingabletorealizeandovercomeourfears.成长的其中一个过程是能够认识并克服我们的恐惧。❹Inthefinalgameheeasilyovercamehisopponent.在决赛中他轻而易举地战胜了他的对手。语境助记：Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting，theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome．尽管3D食品打印最近取得了进步，但该行业仍要战胜许多挑战。即学即练单句语法填空①InthefinalgameSwedeneasily____________(overcome)France.②Iwassurroundedbyfriendsandovercome____________thefeelingthatlifewasgood.③She____________(overcome)withgriefwhenherhusbanddied.④Hehasenoughcourage____________(overcome)thedifficulty.5.transformvi.&vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化transformsb./sth.(from...)into...把某人/某物(从……)改变成……transformationn. 变化，转变；改革transformern. 变压器❶Sheusedtobeterriblyshy,butayearabroadhascompletelytransformedher.她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。❷Thankstothescienceandtechnology,theareawasfinallytransformedfromadesertintoanoasis.多亏了科技，这个地区终于从沙漠变成了绿洲。❸Itisagreatinventionthatasteam-enginetransformsheatintopower.把热能转化成动能的蒸汽机是一个伟大的发明。❹Workinghardcantransformfailureintosuccess.努力可以把失败转化为成功。词语辨析：transform：指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生彻底变化，成为全新的东西Themagiciantransformedthefrogintoaprincess.魔术师把青蛙变成了公主。change：指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同Pleasetelephonemeifyouaretochangethedayofourmeeting.如果你改变我们会晤的日期，请给我打电话。turn：指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化，比change更通俗Hisfaceturneddeathlypale．他的脸色变得惨白。即学即练单句语法填空①________________(transform)intoapowerfulone,thebankdecidedtoextendbusinesstoforeigncountries.②Tenyearslater,Lilywastransformed________________acommon-lookinggirl________aprettyyounglady.③Itishightimethattheoldeducationalsystems________________(transform).④Afterexperiencingsomanythings,myfriendhasalready________________(transform)fromapersonafraidofanythingintoapersonwithgreatdetermination.6．combinevt.&vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并(1)combineAwith/andB 把A和B结合起来combinewith... 与……结合combineagainst 为反对……联合起来(2)combinationn. 结合，合并acombinationof... ……的结合incombinationwith 与……结合，与……联合❶Wearestilllookingforsomeonewhocombinesallthenecessaryqualities.我们仍在寻找兼备所有必要才能的人选。❷Shecombinedsomesugar,flourandbuttertomakesomecookies.她把白糖、面粉和黄油和在一起做小甜饼。❸Effortsandconfidencecombinetomakeafullman.努力与信心结合造就完人。❹Letuscombineourtwofirmsagainstourcompetitors.让我们两家公司联合起来，对付和我们竞争的那些公司。❺Acombinationoffactorsmayberesponsiblefortheincreaseincancer.各种因素的综合作用可能导致了癌症发病率的上升。❻Thedataareemployedincombinationwithcloudmaps.这此资料与云图结合一起使用。特别提示：combine意为“使两个或两个以上的事物组合/结合在一起”，为避免意思重复，句子中不再用into，together等表示“聚合”的介词或副词。combine...with中的with不能用to代替。即学即练单句语法填空①This____________(combine)ofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworldstruckmeastheperfectsolution.②Whencombined____________berriesorslicesofotherfruits，frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick，coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”．③Ittookthe____________(combine)effortsofboththepressandthepublictobringaboutachangeinthelaw.④Thefirmisworkingonanewproduct____________combinationwithseveraloverseaspartners.⑤Thetwocountriescombined____________theircommonenemy.⑥Thestudyoftraditionsshould____________(combine)withpractice.7.relyon依赖，依靠；信任(1)relyonsb./sth.forsth. 依靠某人/某物获得某物relyonsb.todosth. 依靠某人做某事；信任某人做某事relyonitthat... 相信……，指望……(2)reliableadj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的❶ManypeoplenowrelyontheInternetfornews.很多人现在靠因特网来了解新闻。❷Thesuccessofthisprojectreliesoneachofustosparenoeffort.这个项目的成功靠的是我们每个人不遗余力的努力。❸Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometoseeyou.你放心好了，他会来看你的。❹Trainsarereliable,cheapandbestforlong-distancejourneys.火车安全可靠、费用低廉，最适合用于进行长途旅行。联想拓展：relyon的同义短语：dependon/upon;counton/upon等即学即练单句语法填空①Wewillalsohavetorelymore____________alternativeenergy，suchassolarandwindpower.②Heisnotonlyhonestbutalso____________(rely),soallthepeopleinourneighborhoodtrusthim.③AsfarasI'mconcerned,heneverbreakshispromise，soyoucanrelyon____________thathe'llcometomeetyouontime.④I'mrelyingonthegarage____________(fix)thecarbytomorrow.8．turnout结果……；结果是，证明是，原来是；出席(某项活动)，在场；生产，制造Itturnsoutthat... 结果……turnout(tobe)... 结果(是)……❶Amisfortunemayturnoutablessing.[谚]塞翁失马，焉知非福。❷Itturnedoutthathisbrotherdiedofaheartattack.原来他的兄弟死于心脏病。❸ThebookDonQuixoteturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.《堂吉诃德》这本书350多年来一直吸引着全世界的读者。❹Thousandsofpeopleturnedouttowatchyesterday'smatchagainstIreland.成千上万的人前去观看了昨天对爱尔兰队的比赛。❺ThefactoriesinChinaturnoutaround200millionmasksadayduringthisperiod.在这段时期，中国的工厂一天生产约2亿只口罩。语境助记：Theirstory,thoughnotasspectaculartotheeye,willsurelyturnouttobeassubtleandascomples.他们的故事虽然看起来不那么壮观，但肯定会变得同样微妙和复杂。即学即练判断下列句子中turnout的含义/单句语法填空①Thewholetownturnedoutforthefestival.____________②Surprisingly，themanworkingintheparkturnedouttobeaprofessor.____________③Theworkershavebeenworkinghardtoturnoutmedicalequipmentthesedays.____________④Itturnedout____________thewomanhadreadsomethingonafriend'srefrigerator：“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty.”Thephraseimpressedhersomuchthatshecopieditdown.⑤Theprojectundertakenbytheyoungengineeronhisownturnedout____________(be)verysuccessful.9.surroundingsn．周围的事物；环境(1)surroundingadj. 周围的，附近的surroundingareas/environment 周围地区/环境(2)surroundvt. 包围，环绕besurroundedby/with... 被……环绕着；周围都是……❶Happinesscomesfromyourheart，notfromyoursurroundings.幸福来自你的内心，而不是你周围的事物。❷Asitgrewwarm，Idecidedtostepoutsideandexplorethenewsurroundings.随着天气变暖，我决定去外面探索新环境。❸China'srapidprogresswillbringdevelopmentopportunitiestothesurroundingcountries.中国的快速发展将给周边国家带来发展机遇。❹Thesurroundingareawasflooded.周围地区遭洪水淹没。❺Theactorwasimmediatelysurroundedbyacrowdofyoungpeople.那位演员立即被一群年轻人围住了。❻Infrontofthebuilding,thereisasmallpondsurroundedwithrocksandtrees.在楼前，有一个被岩石和树木环绕着的小池塘。语境助记：Ialwaysdreamofhavingahousesurroundedbygrass，flowersandtrees.IfIcanliveinsuchbeautifulsurroundings，Imustbehappyeveryday.Asweknow，thesurroundingthingscanalwayshaveaneffectonourmood.我总是梦想着有一座被花草树木环绕的房子。我如果能居住在这样美丽的环境中，一定每天都很开心。正如我们所知道的，周围的事物总是能影响我们的心情。即学即练单句语法填空①Ittookhimawhiletoadapthimselftohisnew____________(surrounding).②Theysurroundedthesickgirl____________everycomfort.③Thehouse____________(surround)byalargegardenwitharockery.④Wesearchedthe____________(surround)neighbourhoodforthemissingboy.10.guaranteevt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修n．保证，担保；保修单(1)guaranteesb.sth. 向某人保证某事guaranteetodosth. 保证做某事beguaranteedtodosth. 肯定/必定会做某事guaranteethat... 保证……(2)underguarantee 在保修期内aguaranteeof... ……的保障/保证❶Thiscompanyguaranteesitscustomerstop-qualityservice.这家公司保证为客户提供最好的服务。❷Noteverystrangeryoumeetisguaranteedtoturnintoarealfriend.并不是你见到的每一个陌生人都能成为你真正的朋友。❸Perseveranceandhardworkwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomegoodatwhateveryoudo.坚持不懈和勤奋努力会确保你无论做什么都会做好。❹Hegavemeaguaranteethatitwouldneverhappenagain.他向我保证这种事情绝对不会再发生。❺Theshopsaidwecouldexchangethetelevisionsinceitwasstillunderguarantee.商店说我们可以调换那台电视机，因为它还没有过保修期。❻Wealthisnotalwaysaguaranteeofhappiness.财富并不总是幸福的保证。语境助记：WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.虽然昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车能如期运行，但火车之间或火车服务和公共汽车服务之间的衔接无法保证。即学即练单句语法填空①Ican'tguarantee____________(work)formorethanayear.②Thecarislessthanayearold，andthereforestill____________guarantee.③Thiscontractguaranteesyou____________damagebyfireorflood.④Ourgoods____________(guarantee).Youmayreturnanybadones.⑤AllDreamland'selectricblanketsareguaranteed____________threeyears.11．adaptationn．改编本，改写本；适应(1)adaptationof.... ……的适应性；……的改编adaptationto... 对……的适应(2)adaptvt. 改编，改写vi.&vt. (使)适应(新情况)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(adaptAforB,adaptAfromB,adapt（oneself）to...))eq\b\lc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(把A改编/改写为B,把B改编成A,（使自己）适应……))(3)adaptableadj. 能适应的；可修改的❶BranaghwonawardsforhisscreenadaptationofShakespeare'sHenrytheFifth.布拉纳因他改编自莎士比亚的《亨利五世》的影片获了奖。❷Shemadegoodadaptationtothenewsurroundingshere,whichmadeherparentsdelighted.她很好地适应了这里的新环境，这让她的父母很高兴。❸Threeofhernovelshavebeenadaptedfortelevisionseries.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视连续剧。❹ThistextisadaptedfromastoryinChineseLiterature.这篇课文是根据《中国文学》上登载的一篇故事改编的。❺Thereasonablemanadaptshimselftotheworld；theunreasonableonepersistsintryingtoadaptthewoldtohimself.明白事理的人使自己适应世界；不明白事理的人执意想使世界适应自己。❻Childrenarehighlyadaptable—theyjustneedtimetoreadjust.儿童的适应能力很强——他们只是需要时间重新适应。语境助记：①OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood，buttotheocean.在周四发表于《细胞》杂志上的一篇文章中，一组研究人员报告了一种新的适应性——不是对空气或食物，而是对海洋的适应。②PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.生活在埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了在高海拔地区的生活。即学即练单句语法填空①Thisplayisan____________(adapt)ofanovel.②Thisbuildinghasbeenadapted____________thedormitoryofthestudents.③Tomorrow'sworkerswillhavetobemore____________(adapt).④Thisplayisadapted____________anovelwrittenbyDack.⑤Weadaptedourselvesquickly____________lifeinParis.⑥Facialpaintingisanadaptation____________themask.⑦Ifinditverydifficult____________(adapt)myselftotheclimateinthehighmountains.12.consistof由……组成，由……构成consistin 在于consistwith 和……一致；并存beconsistentwith 与……一致❶Rockmusicconsistsofmanydifferentstyles.摇滚乐有许多不同的风格。❷StudentVillageconsistsoffifteenindependentunits.学生村由15个独立单元组成。❸Thetruewealthdoesnotconsistinwhatwehave,butinwhatweare.真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们的人格。❹Thepolitician'sactionsdonotconsistwiththepromisesinhisspeeches.那位政客的行为与他在演说里所作的承诺不符。❺Theresultsareconsistentwiththeevidence.结果与证据一致。名师点津：①consistof的主语一般是表示整体概念的词，表示“整体由部分组成”。②相当于bemadeupof,becomposedof。③不能用于被动语态和进行时态，也就是说，不能用作beconsistedof和beconsistingof,但可以用consistingof作后置定语。即学即练单句语法填空①Thebeautyofthispictureconsists____________itsbalanceofcolours.②Theentireworldconsists____________matter.③Thereportdoesnotconsist____________thefact.④Theresultsareentirely____________(consist)withourearlierresearch.⑤Oneofthegroups____________(consist)of4studentsgaveusanunforgettablepresentationyesterday，whicharousedallthestudents'interestinourtraditionalChinesefestival.13.defendvt.&vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解(1)defend...against/from...保卫/保护……免受……之害(＝protect...against/from...)defendagainst/form... 抵御……(2)defend...(from/against...)(针对……)为……辩解/辩白(3)defencen. [U]保卫；[C]辩解；辩护eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(indefenceof...,cometosb.'sdefence))eq\b\lc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(为了保卫……,为某人辩护))(4)defensiveadj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的❶Weshouldbuildupapowerfularmysoastodefendourmotherland.为了保卫祖国，我们应该组建一支强大的军队。❷Agooddiet，plentyofsleepandregularexercisecanimproveourabili