2020年度职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解

职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解

资料仅供参考

卫生B

第1部分：词汇选项（第1〜15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横

线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部

分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置

上。

1Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravel

preferences.

AinfluenceBforceCsurprise

Dpower

2Canyoufollowtheplot?

AchangeBinvestigateC

understandDwrite

3Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstill

needed.

AmentalBphysicalCnatural

Dhard

4Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.

AjudgmentBresultCdecision

Devent

5NormanBlarneyisanartistofdeepconvictions.

资料仅供参考

AbeliefsBstatementsC

suggestionsDclaims

6Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.

ASoBSolongCSofar

DSothat

7Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.

AsupposedBexcitedCdiscussed

Dsuggested

8Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeen

employed.

AAfterwardsBThereforeCHowever

DFurthermore

9Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.

AsightBviewClook

Dpoint

10Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

AtenselyBnearlyCclosely

Dcarefully

11Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentvery

effectively.

AinventedBexplainedCconsidered

Daccepted

12Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrongCwild

资料仅供参考

Dkind

13Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy

AmakingBtakingCexpecting

Ddiscussing

14Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatweare

capableofproducing.

AwasteBbuyCsell

Duse

15Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

AfunctionBabilityCvolume

Dpower

第2部分：阅读判断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文

的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，

请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在

答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在

答题卡上把C涂黑

UsingHIVVirustoCureCancer

Scientistsareplanningtousehuman

immimodefkiency（免疫缺陷）vims（HIV）,oneofmankind's

mostfearedviruses,asacarrierofgeneswhichcanfight

cancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.The

expertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthe

body'simmune（免疫的）defenses,makingitidealforcarrying

资料仅供参考

replacementgenesintopatients9bodies,accordingtothe

Observer.

AteamattheCalifornia-basedSalkInstitute,oneofthe

world'sleadingresearchcentersonbiologicalsciences,has

createdaspecialnewbreedofHIVandhasstarted

negotiationswiththeU>S>FoodandDrug

Administration（FDA）tobeginclinicalgenetherapy（治疗）

trialsthisyear.Thefirsttrialsareexpectedtoinvolvepatients

sufferingfromcancersthatcannotbecuredbysurgery

althoughprojectleaderProfessorInderVermasaidtheHIV

techniquewouldhave"farwiderapplications”.

Theplanremainsverylikelytocausecontroversysinceit

involvesmakinguseofaviruswhichhascausedmorethan22

milliondeathsaroundtheworldinthepasttwodecades.

VermasaidthattheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurpose

was“shocking”butthefiercenatureofHIVhaddisappeared

byhavingallsixofthepotentiallydeadlygenesremoved.

Illnessessuchasvariouscancersarecausedwhen

ageneinapatient'sbodyfailstoworkproperly.Inthe

pasttwoyears,breakthroughsingenetics（遗传学）have

ledgenetherapyscientiststotryandreplacethegenes

thatdonotfunctionnormally.

Unfortunately,thebody'simmunedefenseshavebeen

knowntoattackthemodifiedgenesandmakethemlose

资料仅供参考

theireffectsbeforetheycanstarttheirtaskand

progressinthefieldhasbeenheldupbythelackof

asuitablecarrier.

TheHIVvirushastheabilitytoescapefrom,and

thendestroy,theimmunedefensecellsdesignedto

protectourbodiesandthismakesitattractiveto

scientistsasawayofsecretlyconveyingreplacement

genesintopatients'bodies.

16FDAhasapprovedtheplanofusingHIVtocurecancer

inhumans.

ARightBWrongC

Notmentioned

17TheideaofusingHIVforabeneficialpurposehasbeen

widelyaccepted.

ARightBWrongC

Notmentioned

18HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyifthe

deadlygeneshavebeenremoved.

ARightBWrongC

Notmentioned

19TheHIVvirusisanexcellentwarriortofightthe

body'simmunecells.

ARightBWrongC

Notmentioned

资料仅供参考

20Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinical

genetherapytrialssoon.

ARightBWrongC

Notmentioned

21Itisthelackofmoneythathashelduptheprogress

inusingreplacementgenestocurecancer.

ARightBWrongC

Notmentioned

22TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindeveloped

countries.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分,

共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23-26

题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正

确的小标题；（2）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4

个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应

的位置上。

FriendlyRelationswiththePeopleAround

Youdependonallthepeoplecloselyaroundyoutogive

youthewarmfeelingofbelongingness（归属）thatyou

musthavetofeelsecure.But,infact,themembersof

资料仅供参考

allthegroupstowhichyoubelongalsodependonyou

togivethatfeelingtothem,apersonwhoshowsthat

hewantseverythingforhimselfisbound（一定的）tobe

alonelywolf.

Theneedforcompanionshipiscloselyrelatedtothe

needforasenseofbelongingness.Howsadandlonely

yourlifewouldbeifyouhadnoonetoshareyour

feelingsandexperiences.Youmaytakeitforgranted

thattherealwayswillbepeoplearoundtotalktoand

todothingswithyouandforyou.Theimportantpoint,

however,isthatkeepingemotionallyhealthydoesnot

dependsomuchonhavingpeoplearoundyouasuponyour

abilitytoestablishrelationshipsthataresatisfying

bothtoyouandtothem.

Supposeyouareinacrowdwatchingafootballgame.

Youdon，tknowthem,whenthegameisover,youwillgo

yourseparateways.Butjustforawhileyouhadafeeling

ofcompanionship,ofsharingthefeelingofotherswho

werecheeringfortheteamyouwantedtowin.

Anexperienceofthiskindgivestheclue（线索）towhat

companionshipreallyis.Itdependsuponemotionalties

ofsympathy,understanding,trust,andaffection.

Companionshipsbecomefriendswhenthesetiesare

formed.

资料仅供参考

Whenyouarethrowninanewcircleofacquaintance（熟

人），youmaynotknowwithwhomyouwillmakefriends,

butyoucanbesurethatyouwillbeabletoestablish

friendshipsifyoushowthatyoureallylikepeople.

23.Paragraph2.

24.Paragraph3.

25.Paragraph4.

26.Paragraph5.

A.Closelinkbetweencompanionshipandbelongingness

B.Howtosatisfyotherpeople，sneeds

C.Anexampleofasatisfyingrelationship

D.Difficultiesinestablishingfriendships

E.Whatcompanionshipreallyis

F.Makingfriendswithnewacquaintances

27.Ifyouhadnoonetoshareyourfeelings,yourlife

wouldbe,

28.Thewarmfeelingsofbelongingnessmaygiveyou.

29.Theabilitytoestablishfinerelationswithothers

willkeepyou.

30.Youwillfindithardtomakefriendswithpeople

A.sadandlonely

资料仅供参考

B.emotionallyhealth

C.withoutrealloveforthem

D.asenseofsecurity

E.alonelywolf

F.withoutpity

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4

个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择

个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇GivingUpSmoking

Anumberofdevicesareavailabletohelpapersonquit

smoking.Nicotine（尼古丁）patchesaresmall,

nicotine-containingadhesive（粘着性的）discsapplied

totheskin.Thenicotineisslowlyabsorbedthroughthe

skinandentersthebloodstream.Overtime,thenicotine

doseisreducedandeventuallythedesirefornicotine

iseased.Nicotinegumworksinasimilarmanner,

providingsmalldosesofnicotinewhenchewed.

Thebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludethe

immediatereductionofharmtothehealthofthesmoking

andeasilyadmissiontosocialactivitiesand

institutionsthatbansmoking.Ina1988report,theU.S.

SurgeonGeneraldeclaredcigarettesmokingtobemore

资料仅供参考

harmfulandexpensivethantheuseofcocaine（可卡因），

alcohol,orheroin.Recentevidencesupportsthisclaim.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthascollectedaspecialtax

oncigarettesforseveraldecades.Theraterosefrom

8centsperpackof20cigarettesin1951to24cents

perpackin1993.Inotherdevelopedcountries,the

cigarettetaxrateismuchhigher,rangingfrom50

percentinSwitzerlandto85percentinDenmark.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdirectactiontocheck

smokingwastheregulationofawarmingoncigarette

packagesbytheFederalTradeCommission.Thiswarning

tookeffectin1964andwasstrengthenedin1969toread:

“Warning:TheSurgeonGeneralHasDeterminedThat

CigaretteSmokingIsDangeroustoYourHealth."In1971

allcigaretteadvertisingwasbannedfromradioand

television,andcitiesandstatespassedlawsrequiring

nonsmokingsectionsinpublicplacesandworkplaces.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpapersonquit

smoking?

A.Usingnicotinepatches.

B.Readingcigaretteadvertisements.

C.Chewingordinarygum.

D.Participatinginsocialactivities.

资料仅供参考

32.Nicotinegumisusedtohelpasmoker

A.stopsmoking

B.reduceweight

C.cleanhisteeth

D.absorbnicotineimmediately

33.Thebenefitsofgivingupsmokingincludeallthe

followingEXCEPT

A.thereductionofexpenses.

B.theformationofagoodhabit.

C.thereductionofharmtoone'shealth.

D.easieraccesstoinstitutionsthatbansmoking.

34.Whichofthefollowingissaidtobethemost

expensiveandharmful?

A.Consumingalcohol.

B.Usingheroin.

C.Smokingcigarettes.

D.Takingcocaine.

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasastep

tocontrolsmoking?

A.Collectingaspecialtaxoncigarettes.

B.Forbiddingsmokinginallpublicplaces.

C.BanningcigaretteadvertisingfromradioandTV.

D.Requiringawarningoneachcigarettepackage.

第二篇EffectsofExerciseonElderly

资料仅供参考

Diabetics（糖尿病人）

Mostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetes（糖

尿病）couldstoptakinginsulin（胰岛素）iftheywould

dobriskexercisefor30minutesjusttheretimesaweek,

accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedin

aCopenhagennewspaper,Resultsfromtestsconductedon

diabeticsattheCopenhagencentralhospital

RigshospitalefsCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthat

physicalexercisecanboostthebody'sabilitytomake

useofinsulinby30percent.Thisisequaltotheeffect

mostelderlydiabeticsgetfromtheirinsulin

medication（药物治疗）today.

Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagroup

ofmenwithtypeIIdiabetes,allmorethan60yearsof

age,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthree

months.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhow

muchsugarthetestsubjects9musclescouldmakeuseof

asameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.

AssociateProfessorDrFlemmingDelaoftheMuscle

ResearchCentersaidthetestsdemonstratedthatthe

exercisingdiabeticshadmadeasgooduseofinsulinas

thehealthynon-diabeticpersons.“Thismeansthatthe

insulinworksjustaswellforbothgroup.Physical

资料仅供参考

exercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,butitcan

eliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms.Atthesametime

itcanputoffthepointatwhichtheyhavetobegin

takinginsulin,99Delasaid.

Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas（胰腺）,

controllingsugarinthebodyandisusedagainst

diabetes.

Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabetics

needonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintosweat,

butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwears

offafterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.

Mostdiabeticsrealizethattheyhavetowatchtheir

dietwhileremainingunawareoftheimportanceof

exercise,Delaadded.

36.Whatistheeffectofexerciseonelderlypeoplewith

typeIIdiabetes?

A.Itcanworsentheirsymptoms.

B.Itcanhelpthebodymakebetteruseofinsulin.

C.Itcanhelpthemtoeatmore.

D.Itcancurethemofthedisease.

37.Theexercisethattheresearcherstriedontheirtest

subjectswas

A.cyclingsixtimesaweekforthreemonths.

资料仅供参考

B.walkingbrisklyforthirtyminutesthreetimes

aweek.

C.swimmingtwiceaday.

D.runningonceaday.

38.Theresearcherscheckedhowwellthetestsubjects9

insulinworkedbymeasuring

A.thebloodsugarlevelintheirbodies.

B.thelengthoftimetheycouldcycleinonebreath.

C.theamountofsugartheirmusclescouldmakeuse

of.

D.theamountofinsulintheytook.

39.Itisrecommendedthatdiabeticsmaintainsufficient

exercisesinceotherwise

A.theirsymptomswillgetworse.

B.thebloodsugarlevelwillgoup.

C.theirconditionwillbeoutofcontrol.

D.thedesiredeffectcannotbeachieved.

40.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatmostdiabetics

areignorantof

A.thesignificanceofregularexercise.

B.thenecessityofwatchingtheirdiet.

C.theneedtocontroltheirweight.

D.theconsequencesoftakingtoomuchinsulin.

第三篇FirstAid

资料仅供参考

Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessor

injuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.It

maysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,

temperature,aclearairway（气道）,andbreathing,inminor

emergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim'sconditionform

turningworseandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbe

administeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthe

criticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifference

betweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.

First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim'sneedsandthe

provider'slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnotto

doinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.

Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,

canleadtopermanentspinal（脊柱的）injuryandparalysis（瘫

痪）.

Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesof

firstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallfor

professionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbe

reassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedfor

permissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assess,thescene,

askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson'sfamilyorfriends

aboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhave

alreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchas

diabetes（糖尿病）orhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbe

资料仅供参考

checkedforamedicalbracelet（手镯）orcardthatdescribes

specialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomes

unsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmove

thevictim.

Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodetermine

whetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodfor

evaluatingavictim'sconditionisknownbytheacronym（首字

母缩写词）ABC,whichstandsfor:

A—Airway:Isitopenandclear?

B-Breathing:Isthepersonbreathing?Look,listen,and

feelforbreathing.

C—Circulation:Isthereapulse?Isthepersonbleeding

externally?Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditional

indicationsofcirculationproblems.

41FirstaidmaybringaboutallthefollowingresultsEXCEPT

Asavingavictim'slife.

Bpreventingavictim'sconditionfromgettingworse.

Crelievingavictimfrompain.

Dhelpingapersonavoidsuddenillnessorinjury

42Beforeweadministerfirstaidtoavictim,itisvery

importantforus

Atomakesurewhattodoandwhatnottodo

Btorefertoallkindsofhandbooksonfirstaid.

Ctoremovetheringorbracelethemaybewearing.

资料仅供参考

Dtotakehimtoahospitalatonce

43Inadministeringfirstaidtoavictim,youshouldfirstofall

Aremovehimfromtheaccidentscene.

Bturnhimover

Ccallforprofessionalmedicalhelp

Dexaminehimcarefully

44Youmayassessavictim'sconditionbyallthefollowing

EXCEPT

Acheckingwhetherthereisapulse.

Blooking,listeningandfeelingforbreathing.

Creplacinghismedicalbraceletorcard.

Dexaminingwhethertheairwayisopenandclear.

45Thepurposeofthepassageistotellthereader

Atheimportanceofprotectingtheaccidentscene.

Bsomebasicfactsaboutfirstaid

Cwhatprofessionalmedicalhelpis

Dwhocaadministerfirstaid.

5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组

文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章

原来位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位

置上。

LoweringtheRiskofHeartDisease

LikemillionsofotherAmericans,Icomefromafamily

资料仅供参考

withahistoryoftheheartdisease.Myfatherhadhisfirst

threeheartattackswhenhewasonlythirty-one.

(46)Igrewupwithheartdisease.Itwasthere,

butIdidn'ttakeitseriously.

WhenIwasthirty-one,mybloodcholesterol(胆固醇)level

wasmeasuredforthefirsttime.Itwas311mg/dl,thedoctor

toldme-anextremelyhighlevelthatputmeataveryhigh

highriskofheartdisease,especiallywithmyfamilyhistory.

HesentmetotheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)tobe

screenedforparticipationinaclinical

trial.(47)

AtNIH,physiciansexplainedthedegreeofriskassociated

withmybloodcholesterollevelandthenatureofthe

experiment.Thistestinvolvesputtingatubethroughaleg

artery(动脉)uptotheheart.(48)

Learningabouttherisksoftheexperimentaswellasthe

riskassociatedwithmyraisedbloodcholesterollevelscared

thelifeoutofme.AlthoughIwasexcludedfromparticipating

inthestudy,theexperiencemaywellhavesavedmylife.

Forthefirsttime,Ibegantorealizetheseriousnessofhigh

bloodcholesterol.(49)Butequallyimportant,I

gotatasteofwhatitisliketobeapatient,tohavetestsdone

onmeandtothinkofmyselfassick.Thiswashardtotake.

Thisexperiencetaughtmetwolifesavinglessons.First,

资料仅供参考

althoughIfeltfitandstrong,Iwasactuallyathighriskfor

heartdiseasebecauseofmyhighbloodcholesterollevel.And

withmyfamilyhistory,itcouldnotbe

ignored.(50)

ASecond,Icouldlowermybloodcholesterollevelsimply

bychangingwhatIate.

BIwasthreeyearsoldatthattime.

CThereisnotenoughoxygenintheblood.

DItwasaheartattackjustwaitingtohappen

EThetrialwasdesignedtotesttheeffectofloweringblood

cholesterolontheriskofheartdisease.

FThedeathrateforthetestwasonly1in100,Iwas

assured.

第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4

个选项同，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答

案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上

ASpecialClock

Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiological

clockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclock(51)

plantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshould

open.Ittellsinsectswhento(52)theprotective

资料仅供参考

cocoon(防护卵袋)andflyaway,andittellsanimalsand

humanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.

Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal(53)the

actionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,

forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfur

becauseofthe(54)ofhoursofdaylight.Inthe

short(55)ofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefur

becomesgraybrownin