适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习高考题型组合练Unit1Natureinthebalance2课件牛津译林版必修第三册

Unit1

Natureinthebalance(2)ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.阅读理解AInahigh-techlabonJohn’sHopkinsUniversity’sHomewoodcampusinMaryland,engineershavebeenbuildingarobotthatmaybeabletostitch(缝针)backtogetherthebrokentissuesinyourstomachandevenyourbrain,nodoctorneeded.Therobothasahigh-techcameraononearmandahigh-techsewingmachineonasecondarm.Thegoalistodevelop,inthenextseveralyears,arobotthatmakesthedelicateworkmoreconsistent.ⅠⅡⅢTherobot,knownasSmartTissueAutonomousRobot,orSTAR,whichisrunbyahighlyadvancedcomputerprogram,willadvancetechnologycurrentlyinwideuseinoperatingrooms.Therobotcompletesaboutastitchaminute,slightlyslowerthanahumansurgeon.Butthetestssofarhaveshownmoreconsistencythanwhatthehumanscanachieve.Longhoursoftraditionalsurgerycancausehumanhandstogettiredandtremble,whichmaycauseaccidentsduringanoperation.RobertLanger,anengineer,saidtheroboticarmcouldchangethewaysurgeriesaredone.HehashelpedfounddozensofbiotechcompaniesincludingGalenRobotics.TheroboticarmbeingdevelopedbyHopkinsengineersisthiscompany’sproduct.ⅠⅡⅢGalenCEOBruceLichorowiccomparedtheroboticarmtofutureforsurgeons,sayingitincreasestheirstability,reducestirednessandpreventscramps(抽搐)duringlongsurgeries,allofwhichleadtosafersurgeries.GalenRoboticshasitsrootsinresearchfromJohn’sHopkinsUniversity,butthecompanyhadbeenbasedinSiliconValleyuntil2019.“Thecompanycurrentlyemploysabout40people,abouthalfofwhomhaveadvanceddegreesfromJohn’sHopkins,”saidLichorowic,addingthatthecompanyplanstogrowto60positionsbytheendoftheyear.ⅠⅡⅢGalen’sroboticarmisnotforsaleyet,butLichorowicsaidthecompanyexpectstosubmitanapplicationtotheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)laterthisyear.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马里兰州约翰霍普金斯大学霍姆伍德校区的一个高科技实验室里正在研制的智能组织自主机器人(STAR),尽管它的动作比人类外科医生慢,但它可以使手术更顺畅。ⅠⅡⅢ1.WhatcanSTARdo?A.Shortenoperationtime. B.Replacehumansurgeons.C.Makeoperationssmooth. D.Advancemedicalstudies.√细节理解题。根据第三段“The

robot,known

as

Smart

Tissue

Autonomous

Robot,or

STAR,which

is

run

by

a

highly

advanced

computer

program,will

advance

technology

currently

in

wide

use

in

operating

rooms.The

robot

completes

about

a

stitch

a

minute,slightly

slower

than

a

human

surgeon.But

the

tests

so

far

have

shown

more

consistency

than

what

the

humans

can

achieve.”可知,STAR尽管缝针速度不如人类外科医生,但是缝合动作的连贯性比人类医生好,可以使手术更顺畅。ⅠⅡⅢ2.WhatdoesLichorowicthinkofSTAR?A.Flexible.

B.High-cost.C.Promising. D.Unpredictable.√推理判断题。根据第五段“Galen

CEO

Bruce

Lichorowic

compared

the

robotic

arm

to

future

for

surgeons,saying

it

increases

their

stability,reduces

tiredness

and

prevents

cramps(抽搐)

during

long

surgeries,all

of

which

lead

to

safer

surgeries.”可知,Lichorowic把机械臂比作外科医生的未来,有着诸多的优点,说明他认为这种机械臂是有前途的。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢ3.WhatcanweknowaboutGalenRobotics?A.ItissponsoredbyJohn’sHopkinsUniversity.B.ItstillhasitsbaseinSiliconValleynow.C.Itsrobotarmwillbereleasedlaterthisyear.D.Itisscheduledtoexpandwithinthisyear.√细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘The

company

currently

employs

about

40

people,about

half

of

whom

have

advanced

degrees

from

John’s

Hopkins,’said

Lichorowic,adding

that

the

company

plans

to

grow

to

60

positions

by

the

end

of

the

year.”可知,公司要在年内扩大规模,增加工作岗位。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Inwhichcolumnisthistextmostlikelytoappear?A.Mind&Brain. B.Health&Technology.C.Business&Investment. D.Physics&Medicine.√推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段“In

a

high-tech

lab

on

John’s

Hopkins

University’s

Homewood

campus

in

Maryland,engineers

have

been

building

a

robot

that

may

be

able

to

stitch(缝针)

back

together

the

broken

tissues

in

your

stomach

and

even

your

brain,no

doctor

needed.”可知,本文介绍一个能帮助缝补人体组织的智能组织自主机器人,由此推知,本文最有可能出现“健康与科技(Health

&

Technology)”专栏。ⅠⅡⅢBNooneintheUShas3D-printedatwo-storyhousebefore.Butnowthreecompaniesareworkingtogethertoprintthefirstlarge,two-storyhouseintheUS.Thehouse,whichisinHouston,Texas,wasdesignedbyacompany.Anothercompanyprovidedthe3Dprinter.Andaconstructioncompanyisdoingtheactualbuilding.LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.ⅠⅡⅢMs.Loksaysprintingthehousewilltakethemassivemachineabout330hours.That’sabouteightnormalworkweeks.Buttheteamisn’tinarush.Thoughit’satwo-yearproject,theactualprintingdidn’tstartuntillastJuly.Thehouseisnowabouthalfwayfinished.“Wearenottryingtobeattheclock,”saysHikmatZerbe,whoworksfortheconstructioncompany.Instead,they’reusingthehouseasa“biglaboratory”tolearnmoreabout3D-printinghouses.Theywanttoseehowtheconcretereacts“underdifferentweatherconditions”.ⅠⅡⅢTheyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.That’spartlybecausethetechnologyisnew.Withtimegoingby,Mr.Zerbeexpectsthecostsof3D-printedhousestogodown.Hethinksprinterswillimproveandmakeiteasiertocreatemorehousesquickly.3D-printedconcretehousesarestrongerandholdupbetterinseriousstormsthanhousebuiltwithwood.Thiscansavemoneyinthelongrun.Sincethemachineisdoingthebuilding,fewerworkersareneeded,whichalsosavesmoney.ⅠⅡⅢBesides,with3D-printing,it’seasytomakeeachhousedifferentfromotherhouses.Thesekindsofchangescanapplytoalmostanytiling.HikmatZerbesaysthatmeansinthefuture,eachhousecouldbecreatedspeciallyforitsowner.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了目前有三家公司正在合作打印美国第一个两层的大房子,而这有望成为一种趋势。ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatisabigprobleminprintingthetwo-storyhouse?A.Thelimitedtime.B.Thelackofskilledworkers.C.Theneedforhuge3Dprinters.D.Theshortageofbuildingmaterials.√细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Leslie

Lok,who

designed

the

house,says

there

are

special

challenges

involved

in

printing

the

two-story

house.One

of

the

biggest

is

the

size

of

the

machine

needed

for

the

building.The

3D

printer

in

Houston

is

massive.It

weighs

over

12

tons.”可知,最大的问题之一就是需要巨大的打印机。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Whatistobestudiedinthebuildingprocess?A.Howtheprintedhousesstandwearandtear.B.How3D-printedhousesaremadestronger.C.Howworkerscanprintlargehousesquicker.D.Howconcretechangeswiththeshiftofweather.√推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,在建房的过程中,他们想研究混凝土在“不同天气条件下”的反应。ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whatisadisadvantageofthe3D-printedhouseatpresent?A.Itscostishigher.B.Itcan’tsurvivethestorm.C.Itusesspecialconcrete.D.Itneedsexperiencedworkers.√细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“They

also

want

to

figure

out

how

to

make

3D-printing

faster

and

cheaper.Mr.Zerbe

says

that

currently,3D-printing

a

house

with

concrete

costs

more

than

building

a

house

with

wood.”可知,3D房屋的造价成本较高。ⅠⅡⅢ8.HowdoesMr.Zerbefeelaboutthefutureof3D-printing?A.Negative. B.Unclear.C.Worried. D.Hopeful.√推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,Hikmat

Zerbe对3D打印的未来抱有希望。ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.完形填空WhenIwasagraduatestudent,Ifelttoobusytoexercise.IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceI

1

school.IknewIwouldbebusyasanassistantprofessor.

2

,Ibelievedinmywillpower.

WhenIstartedmyfirstjobatWilliamsCollege,I

3

didexerciseregularly.ItturnedoutthatIwasina(n)

4

thatofferedexcellentsupportforwhatI

5

todo.

ⅠⅡⅢResearchshowsthatour

6

areinfluencedbywhetherourenvironmentmakessomethingeasyordifficult.Eventhesmallestdifferencecanhaveanoutsized

7

.Inonestudy,researchers

8

itemsfromthefronttothebackofasaladbar—achangeofjust10inches—andthe

9

inconveniencemadepeopleeatlessoftheseitems.

MyplantoexercisebenefitedfromWilliamstown’slongwinter.Peoplefiguredthebestwaythroughitwastoget

10

happilyandenjoyit.Ikeptmeetingpeoplewhowere

11

joggers.WhenIstarted,theywerequicktooffersocial

12

.Withsomanyrunnersintown,itwaseasytofindtrails(小径),includingthose

13

forbeginners.

ⅠⅡⅢDo

14

yourenvironmenttomakechallengingtaskseasier.Ifyouwanttosocialize,befriendoutgoingpersons.Or

15

yourcellphonewhenyouneedtoconcentrateonstudy.Therightsurroundingsaremorepowerfulthanwillpoweralone.

ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.attended B.finishedC.started D.quitted2.A.However B.ThereforeC.Instead D.Meanwhile3.A.unwillingly B.virtuallyC.actually D.barely4.A.occupation B.situationC.position D.environment5.A.hoped B.insistedC.hesitated D.managed6.A.experiences B.choicesC.insights D.emotions7.A.advantage B.rewardC.effect D.risk8.A.examined B.connectedC.counted D.moved9.A.obvious B.majorC.unique D.slight10.A.aboard B.outdoorsC.home D.insideⅠⅡⅢ11.A.enthusiastic B.sensitiveC.independent D.ambitious12.A.resources B.activitiesC.support D.service13.A.instructive B.strangeC.tough D.appropriate14.A.change B.protectC.ignore D.accept15.A.answer B.silenceC.keep D.ringⅠⅡⅢ【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者结合自己锻炼的经历告诉我们环境会让我们的选择变得容易或困难。1.B

根据上文“When

I

was

a

graduate

student,I

felt

too

busy

to

exercise.”推知,作者向自己承诺,一毕业有了时间就参加锻炼。2.A

上文“I

knew

I

would

be

busy

as

an

assistant

professor.”和本句为转折关系。3.C

根据上文“I

promised

myself

I’d

do

it

once

I

school.”推知,作者从事第一份工作时开始定期锻炼,用“事实上”符合语境。

4.D

根据下文“are

influenced

by

whether

our

environment

makes

something

easy

or

difficult”和“Do

your

environment

to

make

challenging

tasks

easier.”可知,所处的环境会给我们带来一定的影响。

ⅠⅡⅢ5.A

根据上文“I

promised

myself

I’d

do

it

once

I

school.”可知,此处是指希望做的事情。

6.B

结合上文提到作者上学时很少锻炼,从事第一份工作后经常锻炼可知,作者认为人们的选择受到环境的影响。7.C

根据“the

smallest

difference”和下文稍微移动沙拉柜台上食物的研究可知,此处是指小的差异有时甚至会产生巨大的影响。8.D

根据“from

the

front

to

the

back

of

a

salad

bar”可知,研究人员移动了沙拉柜台上的食物。9.D

根据“a

change

of

just

10

inches”可知,食物只移动了一点,因此只造成了稍微的不便。ⅠⅡⅢ10.B

根据下文“With

so

many

runners

in

town,it

was

easy

to

find

trails(小径)”可知,人们认为度过冬天的最好办法就是去户外。11.A

根据下文“they

were

quick

to

offer

social

”推知,作者遇到的慢跑者都是热情的。

12.C

根据上文“My

plan

to

exercise

benefited

from

Williamstown’s

long

winter.”推知,慢跑者给作者提供了社会支持。13.D

根据“it

was

easy

to

find

trails”推知,有很多路线,因此也包括适合初跑者的路线。ⅠⅡⅢ14.A

根据下文“The

right

surroundings

are

more

powerful

than

willpower

alone.”并结合作者的经历推知,改变环境会让具有挑战性的工作变得容易。15.B

根据“when

you

need

to

concentrate

on

study”可知,需要专注学习时,就把手机调成静音。ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ohno.CoachCaffertyjustcalledmynameforthatevent.Thetwo-hundred-metrebreaststroke(蛙泳)forthecomingmeet!Notthebackstroke(仰泳)Ihadwishedandpracticedforsolong!ⅠⅡⅢBeadsofsweatpoppedoutovermyupperlip.Morganpressedherelbowintomyside,tryingtooffermemoralsupport.Butitdidn’thelp.Mystomachsanktomykneeslikeabrickinwater.Morgantriedtoconvincemeitwouldbefine.“MaybeCoachhasmoreconfidenceinyouthanyouthink.”“OrmaybeCoachCaffertyjustwanttogivetherestalaughwhenIsinktothebottomofthepool,”Ithoughtdesperately.IwalkedtowardsCoachCaffertyandtoldheraboutmyinabilityandmydesiretoquitthisevent.ShefrownedandaskedifitwaswhatIreallywanted.Ihesitated.Placingherhandonmyshoulder,shestartedsmilingandencouragedmetopushmyselfoutsideofmycomfortzone.ⅠⅡⅢThefirstpracticewasadisaster.Ilostrhythmonmystrokes.Imessedupmyturns.Ievenhadtostopandcatchmybreathafewtimes.Ifelteveryonewaslaughingatmeandmystomachtwisted.HowcouldImakeitwithinjusttwoweeks?ButonceIdraggedmyselfoutofthewater,exhaustedandfrustrated,CoachCaffertythumbeduptome,sayingIdidreallywellandjustneededmoreconfidenceinmyselfandmoretimetopractice.Onthewaybackhome,Morgancomfortedme,“Dear,justignoreothers.

Raceagainstyourself.Countyourownstrokes.Provetoyourselfthatyoucandoit.”Withthesewordssaidtomealmosteveryday,beforeoraftereachpractice,somethinggraduallychanged:bothhowIswamthebreaststrokeandhowIfeltabouttheeventaswellasmyself.ⅠⅡⅢThemeetfinallycame.Iarrivedatthepoolhall,stillalittlebitworried.Aseacheventclickedcloser