译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT4教学知识细解码学案

1．urgevt．催促；督促；力劝→urgentadj．紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的→urgencyn．紧急；急迫2．incredibleadj．极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的→incrediblyadv．极端地；令人难以置信地3．preservevt．维护，保护，保存；维持→preservationn．维护，保护；保持；保养4．assessvt．评估，评定；估算→assessmentn．评估；估算collapsev．倒塌；昏倒；(尤指工作劳累后)坐下，躺下放松；突然失败；崩溃；瓦解①Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofsnow． 倒塌②Hecollapsedinthestreetanddiedtwohourslater． 昏倒③WhenIgethomeIliketocollapseonthesofaandlistentomusic． 坐下④Talksbetweenmanagementandunionshavecollapsed． 失败；崩溃eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)preservevt．保护；保存；维护；贮藏n．保护区[例]Thecalmcourageofthepilotpreservedthelivesofthepassengers．飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的性命。[知识拓展](1)preserveone'sreputation 维护某人的名声preservesb．/sth．fromsth． 保护，保全，免受(2)preservationn． 维护；保护；保持；保养[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Theyweredeterminedtopreservetheirleaderfromattacks．②Insummer，largequantitiesoffruitmaybepreserved(preserve)byfreezingorbottling．③Nohuntingisallowedinthepreserve．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)urgentadj．紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急切的[例]Isuggestthatyouattendtothemosturgentmattersandlettherestwait．我建议你先去处理最紧急的事情，别的事可以等一等。[知识拓展](1)inurgentneedof 急需anurgentlook 急切的神情(2)urgevt． 催促；极力主张；驱策urgesb．(not)todosth． 催促，怂恿某人(不)做某事urgesb．intodoing．．． 敦促某人做……urgesb．against 强烈反对某人……urgesb．/sth．on 鼓励，激励，为……加油urge＋that­clause 强烈要求，极力主张……(从句用虚 拟语气，谓语动词用should＋do， 其中should可以省略)Itisurgedthat．．． 坚决要求……(从句谓语形式为 should＋动词原形)(3)urgencyn． 紧急；迫切[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Theboysurgedhimtotake(take)partinthecompetition．②Urgedonbyfans，shesanganothersong．③Iurgethatyou(should)read(read)thereportcarefully．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)conflictn．(军事)冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致vi．冲突，抵触[例]Theviolencewastheresultofpoliticalandethnicconflicts．那次暴动是政治与种族冲突的结果。[知识拓展](1)inconflictwith 与……冲突/矛盾comeintoconflictwithsb． 与某人发生冲突(2)conflictwith 与……冲突[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer．②Trueeconomictheorieswillnevercomeintoconflictwiththehighestmoralandethicalstandards．③Avoidincludingotherelementsthatconflictwiththemainsubject．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)assessvt．评估；评定；估算[例]Itisdifficulttoassesstheeffectsofanewlaw．评估一项新法律的效果是很难的。[知识拓展]assesssth．/sb．assth． 评价某事/某人为……assessataxon/uponsb． 向某人征税assesssth．at．．． 核定、估算(某物的数量、价值)assess＋wh­clause 评定……[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Theyassessedthevalueofthehouseatover$25，000．②Thegovernmentwillnotassessataxon/uponthepeasants．eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)consultationn．咨询；商讨；就诊[例]It'stoosoontowriteoffthewholeconsultationprocessasafailure．现在就认定整个磋商过程不成功而想要放弃还为时过早。[知识拓展](1)consultvt． 咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找consultsb．aboutsth． 向某人咨询某事；向某人请教有 关……的事consult(with)sb．(about/onsth．) (就某事)与某人商量consultadictionaryforthemeaningofaword 查字典找某词的词义(2)consultantn． 顾问[即学即练]——单句语法填空①AnincreasingnumberofclientsareconsultingthemaboutSocialSecuritychanges．②Theministertodayhadconsultations(consult)withthepresident．eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)notonly．．．butalso．．．(教材P45)Suchdangerscanhavedisastrousoutcomesnotonlyforthesitesthemselves，butalsoforpeople．这样的危险不仅会给遗产本身带来灾难性的后果，也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。句式分析：本句中的notonly．．．butalso．．．结构表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列的宾语。[例1]Shenotonlyplayswell，butalsowritesmusic．她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。[例2]Wegotherenotonlyinwinter，butalsoinsummer．我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。[知识拓展](1)当notonly．．．butalso连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。(2)为了强调，可将notonly置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacheris(be)enjoyingthefilm．②Notonlydotheyneedclothing，buttheyarealsoshortofwater．eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)themore．．．，themore．．．(教材P45)Themoreweacknowledgetheoutstandinguniversalvalueofourheritagesites，themorelikelywearetotreatthemwithrespect．我们越是承认遗产地的突出普遍价值，就越有可能尊重它们。句式分析：本句中的themore．．．，themore．．．表示“越……，越……”。[例1]Thehigherthegroundis，thethinnerairbecomes．离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。[例2]Theharderheworked，themorehegot．他工作越努力，得到的就越多。[知识拓展](1)该句型前一部分相当于从句，后面部分相当于主句；若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。(2)Themore，thebetter．多多益善。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Thelongerthewarlasts，themorethepeopletherewillsuffer(suffer)．②Themoremeaningfulsocialactivitiesyouparticipatein，themore(many)socialskillsyouwillaccumulate．教材高考1．．．．aterribleearthquakeshooksouth­easternIranandruinedlargepartsofthecityofBam(2021·天津卷)Thebirthdaycakewasruined．2．Sometimes,amazingancientclaysculpturesandbuildingsareaccidentallydestroyedbymissileattacksduringperiodsofviolence．(2021·全国乙卷)Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore­examinetheirrelationshiptosingle­useplasticproducts．3．Meanwhile,WorldHeritagestatusmaygiverisetoaseriesofproblems．(2021·全国甲卷)AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status．4．Foryears,apanelofspecialistsdiscussedandassesseddifferentmeansofrepairingthepagoda．(2021·天津卷)Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist．5．Becausethepagodahadalreadystartedtotiptooneside,peoplewereworrieditwouldcollapseiftheytriedtomakeanymajorrepairs．(2021·全国乙卷)Oneafternoon,whileattemptingtogetintobedshecollapsedfromwhatwaseventuallydiscoveredtobeaheartattack．Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．Notonlyhebutalsoweare(be)goingtothecinemathisevening．2．Themoreshethoughtaboutit，themoredepressedshebecame．3．Thereisastrongpossibilitythatsuchcooperation(cooperate)willproveunworkable．4．Asentencecanbedividedupintomeaningfulsegments．5．Takenotesduringtheconsultation(consult)asthefinalwrittenreportisveryconcise．6．Whatdidyoudointheannuallyassessment(assess)ofthecompany?7．Thisshowconflictedwithanothershowthatairedatthesametime．8．Naturally，thetobaccoindustryisviolently(violent)opposed．9．Helivesaverysimplelifeforamanwhohasbecomeincredibly(incredible)rich．10．Westerngovernmentshavethisweekurgedhimtonegotiate(negotiate)andavoidforce．Ⅱ．短语填空breakout；weardown；forthebenefitof；befascinatedby；befacedwith；inurgentneedof1．Forthebenefitofeconomicdevelopment，wehavetogetstartedrightnow．2．Shewasfacedwithanewjob，inunfamiliarsurroundingswithstrangepeople．3．Thestrategywasdesignedtoweardowntheenemy'sresistance．4．DarkcloudsweregatheringintheskiesoverEurope．Warwassoontobreakout．5．Therefugeesareinurgentneedoffoodandclothes．6．Thischildwasfascinatedbytheplotsinthenovel．Ⅲ．课文语法填空Heritagesitesfacea