高考英语复习-第1部分-基础知识考点-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of

1/40Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思索·利用1.关键词汇①________vi.&vt.乘；增加②________vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落③________vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽④________vt.&vi.使浮动；使漂浮

n.漂浮物⑤________vt.&vi.使迷惑；使为难

n.谜；难题2/40⑥________vi.生存；存在existencen.存在；生存⑦________adj.猛烈；激烈；强暴

________n.暴力⑧________adj.有害

________n.&

vt.伤害，损害答案①multiply

②crash

③exhaust

④float

⑤puzzle

⑥exist⑦violent；violence

⑧harmful；harm3/402.常考词汇 ①unlikeprep.________________ ②pulln.&

vt.________________ ③gentleadj.________________ ④thusadv.________________ ⑤massn.________________ ⑥gravityn.________________4/40⑦fundamentaladj.______________fundamentn.________________⑧religionn.________________religiousadj.________________⑨biologyn.________________biologistn.________________biologicaladj.________________⑩physicistn.________________physicsn.________________⑪extinctadj.________________extinctionn.________________答案①与……不一样；不像②拉(力)；拖；牵引力③温和；文雅

④所以；于是⑤质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众⑥万有引力；重力⑦基本；基础基础，根本

⑧宗教；宗教信仰宗教⑨生物学生物学家生物学⑩物理学家物理学⑪灭绝；绝种灭绝

5/40用所给单词适当形式填空1.Itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillin________(exist).(·全国Ⅲ，阅读C)2.IbegantolearnthiswhenIhadmycar________(crash).(·天津，阅读B)3.Oneimportant________(biology)factorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.(·四川，七选五)6/404.Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants，flowers，patternsand________(mass)ofcolor.(·全国Ⅱ，七选五)5.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect，quite________(like)sleepdreams，whichmaybehardtounderstand.(·北京，七选五)6.However，________(physics)JosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway.(·四川，阅读E)7/407.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthe________(fundament)skilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.(·安徽，28)8.Therewasa________(puzzle)lookonthelittlegirl’sfacebecausea________(puzzle)problem________(puzzle)her.答案1.existence

2.crashed3.biological

4.masses

5.unlike6.physicist

7.fundamental

8.puzzled；puzzling；puzzled8/40【联想·积累】❶“推，拉”家族①pulln.&

vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力②drawvt.&vi.拖，拉③dragvt.&n.拖，拉，拽④pushv.&n.推，推进(力)9/40❷“碰、撞”家族①hitv.碰撞，打击②crashv.碰撞；坠落③bumpn.&

v.撞；碰撞(声)④collidev.碰撞；相撞⑤collisionn.撞击；碰撞⑥runinto撞上⑦knockinto撞上⑧knocktogether相撞10/40❸后缀-ist必备名词荟萃①archaeologist考古学家

②biologist生物学家③chemist化学家

④physicist物理学家⑤psychologist心理学家

⑥specialist教授⑦sociologist社会学家

⑧scientist科学家⑨typist打字员

⑩tourist旅游者，游客

11/40Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思索·利用1.动词＋介词/副词 ①cheer________感到高兴；感到振奋 ②depend________依靠；取决于 ③break________突发；暴发 ④block________挡住(光线) ⑤prevent...________阻止；阻止

答案①up

②on

③out

④out⑤from12/402.动词＋名词(＋介词) ①________eggs下蛋 ②________birthto产生；分娩 ③________thehangof熟悉；掌握；了解

答案①lay

②give

③get13/403.其它形式 ①________that既然 ②________time及时；终于 ③________one’sturn轮到某人；接着 ④watchout________亲密注意；当心；提防

答案①now

②in

③in

④for14/40用左栏所给短语适当形式填空1.Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany，andIamsurehewill____________.(·陕西，24)2.____________！Youmustbelieveinyourselfandyouwillgetsuccess.3.____________sharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordinglywhiledriving.15/404.You’dbettercomeupwithagoodideato________her________，otherwiseshemaygiveuphalfway.5.Afiercefight____________betweenthetwobrothersjustbecauseofasmallthing.答案1.intime

2.Cheerup3.Watchoutfor

4.cheer；up5.brokeout16/40【联想·积累】“动词＋from”短语一览①keep/stop/prevent...from阻止；阻止②separate...from把……和……分离开③differfrom与……不一样④sufferfrom受……苦⑤hearfrom收到……来信⑥diefrom因……而死⑦learnfrom向……学习⑧resultfrom因为⑨datefrom始于……时期⑩benefitfrom受益于

17/40Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思索·利用原句背诵感悟1.“Oh，dear，”Icried，“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也确实需要练一练了。”2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

18/40句型公式仿写1.nowthat引导原因状语从句 ________________(既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣)，Ithoughtthisfestivalwouldbeaworthwhileexperienceforyou.(·全国Ⅱ，书面表示)2.whether...ornot是否……，引导名词性从句 Shewasindoubt________________(她是否正确).答案1.NowthatyouareinterestedintraditionalChineseculture2.whethershewasrightornot19/40【联想·积累】◆表示原因连词(短语)小结(1)now(that)相当于since，是连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that。(2)because因为(语气较重，惯用于回答why引导疑问句)。(3)since因为；既然(可与nowthat交换)，as因为(语气较弱)。(4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示深入补充说明)。

20/40[单

词

点

睛]1.existvi.存在，在于 [教材原句]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。高考必备词汇——精讲精练

21/40(1)existin存在于……之中existon＝liveon靠……为生Thereexist(s)/existed...某地有/存在……(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在【尤其提醒】exist没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。

22/40单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultytheyhaveexisting________themoneyhe’searning.②I’mluckybecauseIknowmyfirsthomestillexist.③Eversincealongtimeago，________________(存在着)differentopinionsamongscientistsonhowtheuniversefirst_______________(存在).答案①on

②exist→exists

③therehaveexisted；existed/cameintoexistence23/402.puzzlen.谜；难题

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 [教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.

地球生命怎样起源是科学家们以为极难处理最大难题之一。

(1)apuzzle一件让人感到迷惑事情beinapuzzle不知怎样是好beinapuzzleabout＝bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解(2)puzzleover/about苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑puzzledadj.感到迷惑24/40【尤其提醒】puzzled意为“迷惑，不解”，往往用于指人或人表情、脸色等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑，让人不解”，往往指物。单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Shegavemeahugandaskedmetothinkaboutit.Iwas________(puzzle).(·天津，完形)②Thefiremenwereinpuzzleaboutthecauseofthefire.③Peoplehavelong________________(对……感到迷惑)howtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.(·四川，阅读E)答案①puzzled

②puzzle前加a

③(been)puzzledover/about/beeninapuzzleover/about25/403.pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 [教材原句]Astherocketroseintotheair，wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.

伴随火箭升空，因为我们在努力摆脱地球引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pullaway(汽车等)开走pulldown拆毁；摧毁pullin(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pullout驶出；拉出，拔出pullup把……拉过来；(使)停下26/40单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Whenthey________(pull)thecarpetupinmyoldbedroom，theyfoundthering.(·福建，阅读A)②Theyweresodeeplyinvolvedinthematterthattheyfoundithardtopullingout.③ItwasimpossibleforJoetoclimbbackorforSimon________________(把他拽上来).(·全国Ⅱ，完形)答案①pulled

②pulling→pull

③topullhimup27/401.harmfuladj.有害；伤害 [教材原句]Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

很多科学家相信，因为地球上长久有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。常考必会词汇——了解识别28/40单句语法填空/单句阅读了解(说出黑体部分语义)①Evenifitcontainsevidencethatwindfarmsare________(harm)，itwillhardlybeapleasantsurprisetopeoplewhodon’tlikethem.(·福建，阅读E)②Thesedays，breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon，causing/doingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.(·安徽，书面表示)③Smokingcanbeharmfultoyourhealth.答案①harmful

②对……造成严重破坏

③对……有害

29/402.violentadj.猛烈；激烈；强暴 [教材原句]Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。30/40单句语法填空/单句阅读了解(说出黑体部分语义)①Annesays，“Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchas________(violent)can.”(·广东，阅读B)②Allinall，watchingtheviolentmoviesnotonlyhasbadeffectsonpeople’smentalhealth，butcanalsocausemorehurtsinourlife.③Aviolentstormhitthecitylastnight，whichcausedalotofdamage.答案①violence

②暴力电影③暴风雨

31/40[短

语

点

拨]1.intime及时；终于；迟早 [高考佳句]Wearrivedinthesummer，justintimetoenjoythemidnightsun.(·四川，阅读B)

我们夏季抵达，恰好赶上观赏午夜太阳奇景。innotime立刻，马上ontime按时attimes有时atatime每次，逐一atonetime一度；曾经atnotime决不，从不(用在句首时，句子要部分倒装)32/40单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①I’mwritingthislettertoexpressmyapologytoyoufornotwritingyouback________time.(·山东，书面表示)②Atnotimetheyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.③Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”Ourefforts________________(迟早会有所回报).(·山东，书面表示)答案①in

②they前加did

③willpayoffintime33/402.prevent...from阻止；阻止 [教材原句]Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上热不能释放到太空中去。prevent/stop...(from)doingsth＝keep...fromdoingsth阻止……做某事keep...doingsth使……一直做某事protect...from保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御34/40【尤其提醒】(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent搭配中可省去from；而keep...fromdoingsth中from不可省略。(2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中from均不可省略。35/40单句语法填空/单句改错/写作利用①Beehives(蜂窝)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfrom________(damage)farmers’crops.(·安徽，阅读B)②Ifyouarepreventedcoming，willyouletmeknowaheadoftime?③Inthatcase，eatbeforetheflight，oranemptystomachwill________________(让你睡不着觉).(·重庆，完形)答案①damaging

②prevented后加from

③prevent/stopyou(from)sleeping/keepyoufromsleeping36/40[句

式

透

析]1.[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.

而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉