2022年北京丰台区高三一模英语试题和答案

2022北京丰台高三一模英语2022.03本试卷共页，分。考试时长分钟。考生务必将答案答隹答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。笔试（共三部分第一部分知识运用（共两节，第一节（共小题；每小题分共阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABC、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughtermbegunforweeks,thegirlMollyremained1sittingaroundpicnictablealone.seemedunsureofwhatdoorsay,yetIcouldhereyeslongingfor2Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,looksawfully3.WouldyouinviteherjoinIBriannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4dowhatIwasaskingofher,butIknewshewassosweetkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,IreachedintopocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency（货币).Ineeded7hercooperation.aroundherclassmates.Nowshewas.“Here,I’ll8youyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,headedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9Aminutelater,BriannabackhandedtheD-buck..“Ishouldn'tkeepthis.”Hereyesfellherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon'twantMollythinkIonlywentgethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.friend.”ThenBriannaskippedbackamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthetimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfied2.A.trustB.surprisedB.acceptanceB.puzzledB.eagerC.awkwardC.understandingC.seriousD.ashamedD.respect3.A.angryD.lonely4.A.unwilling5.A.studied6.A.comforting7.A.consider8.A.helpC.determinedC.supportedC.painingC.checkD.disappointedD.examinedD.protectingD.ensureB.selectedB.warningB.permitB.C.prepareC.sorrowD.forgive9.A.reliefB.concernB.courageD.regret10.A.excitementC.guiltD.impatience第二节（共小题；每小题分，共15分）阅读下列短文根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提不词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASpaceexplorationbegan1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin11(become)thefirstpersonorbit(环绕)theearthIn1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersonwalk12themoon.Sincethen,spaceexplorationhasadvancedverythatbringschangestheworld.(rapid).Ithasproducedmuch(amaze)technologyBLeaf-cutterantsareinteresting.15leavesandthemback.Watchingthesemarchsinglefile,carryingleaves,quiteasight.Theseantscarryaleafthat16(weigh)timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves17(collect)byantsarenotforeating.are(look)forleaves,largerantsusuallyoutgroups.Theybiteoffbitsofbroughtbacksofungus（真菌）growonthem.Thefungusthefoodfortheants.CStoryboardsareasetofdrawingstellastoryandapowerfulwayvisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,18wereusedmovie-making,showedstoriesbrokenupintopieces.Eachpieceofthestory19（draw）onacardstuckaboardorder.Peoplewerethenabletalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.That20Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，第一节（共小题；每小题2分，共阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearJimO'Connor,MynameAnnieLeandIwritingyouonbehalftheNativeHealthCommunityGarden,agroupofworkingonstartingacommunitygardentheMesaNeighborhood.Whilesearchingforpotentialgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedatWestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepossibilityofusingyourastheofourgarden.Ingeneral,acommunitygardenaspacewhereplantsgrownandtakencareofagroupofpeoplethecommunity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechancestalkeachotherandbeautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenthereforereducingthehouseholdcostfood.Toensurethesmoothrunningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbecharge.Youwouldhaveaccessallthesevolunteersandwouldanswerquestionsmayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheybringacommunity.Wewouldspeakwithpersonoroverthephonediscusswhathostingacommunitygardenonyourwouldinvolve.Issuesmayincludediscussinganagreement,charges,gardenrules,wateraccess.AllthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyWewouldalsolikepresentyouourvisionofthisspace.Wewouldmuchlikehaveyoursupport.ThankforyourconsiderationpleasefeelfreecontactThankyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhatdidAnniewriteJimO'Connor?A.Torenthisland.B.offerhimajob.C.invitehimjoinhergroup.D.Toinformhimofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingthepassage,whatwillthegardenbringthecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.C.Morecommunication.B.Lesswaterpollution.D.Highercostofliving.23.AnnieLewouldlikefurtherdiscuss__________.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardeningskillsD.communitydevelopmentBLocalbarber(理发师)goesabovebeyondforaboy“Thatstartedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnaAndweforgothisheadphones.wererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewwasgoingbedifficultthatday.”WhenErinnaherarrivedattheirappointment,seemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oIdJackson,aboywithautism(自闭症),wouldbegettinghishaircut."Hejustimmediatelygotanxious,"Erinnaexplained.UsuallyIhavesomecoachinggethimtheHewillputonhisheadphones,wepowerthrough.”ErinnasaidJacksonatypicalboywholovesandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverload,andhaircutsareoneofthem.ThestresswassointenseformomandthatalmostyearswentbybeforeJacksongotanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasthehandsofRee,thebarber,thingsweregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtoldhimthatheneededsaveMariobymakingsurenohairgotonShecuthishairwhileheandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedhimthroughouttheentireprocess,encouraginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariokeephimengaged."Itjusttouchedmeso”Erinnasaid."Shenurturedthatrelationship.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIgoabovebeyondforachild.”Ree“Iknowchildrenwantbefree.TheywantexpressthemselvessoItryfindadifferentstrategymakefeelcomfortable.”Jackson’stoldtherestofthestory.Erinnawasverymovedbyson'shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Givenhugeresponse,ErinnaalsoupaspecialGoFundMesupportReemakeablecontinueworkreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).24.WhatusuallyhelpedJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother'strust.B.Hisartbooks.C.Hisbarber'sencouragement.D.Hisheadphones.25.HowdidReesucceedcuttingJackson'shair?A.Byinspiringhimbebrave.C.Byturningthehaircutintoagame.B.Bycooperatingwithhismother.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.expressthanksRee,Erinna______________.A.raiseamoneysupportherB.advertisedherhaircuttingskillsD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonlineC.gothaircutsathershopregularly27.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeA.Kindhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.D.Confidentfriendly.C.Patientcreative.CThepeoplewhohappenacitycenteratgivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butresearchfeaturingsimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,fact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredknownasaninversesquarerelation（平方反比关系）betweenthenumberofpeopleagivenurbanlocationthedistancetheytraveledgetthere,aswellasfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive（直觉的）peoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,instance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromkilometersawayfivetimesweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzedfromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween20062013sixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsexaminedmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowandfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschoolshopping―beythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstatisticalpatternthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforAtthetheeffortthatpeoplearewillinginvestcollectivelytotravelcertainlocations,tryingoptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwithgravitymodelswhichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesaproportionthepopulationsizes,butthesemodelsdoaccountfortravelpatternswithincitiesInformationthataparticularlycriticaldealingwithdiseasetransmissionepidemiologistsomeScarboroughsaysmodelsbasedonthisfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofoundimplicationsoncorporatewillspreadsaysasmallerrurallocationswheremanypeopleregulargothegrocerystore,theentiretownwereexperiencedsharperriskofinfectionsasavarioussleepsweepsthroughthecommunity.Butabigcity,thetakeslonger.Heexplainsbecausemanyepidemicsoccureachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”paragraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.ThinkbackD.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”paragraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostressimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageofinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterruralareasthanbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople'stravelchoices.C.Epidemicsareharderdiscoverbigcitiesthanruralareas.D.Cityresidentsarelikelymakefrequenttripsadistantplace.DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotoldcustomersthathad“limitedability”delivertheicecreamthem.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgasincreasedgreatly,whichhitthesupplyofCO₂theUK.Andthathasledacuttheofdryicethatsupermarketsusekeepfoodcooltheirdeliveryvans(小型货车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenquicklyresolved,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldn'tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseshotthrougheverypartofeconomicandsociallives.Thatbethecaseformanydecadescome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookTherePlanetB,Bemers-Leclaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelscleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen'tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,thewe—evenouruseofbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusagegoingkeeprising,whileenergytransitions（转变）tendbothaverytimeandneveractuallyend.justpilesourcesontopofold.Theworldusesmuchtheamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asdid100yearsago.arerunningThiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightlikethink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.astart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.ButtheresomethingelsethatmightslowusItdidn'ttakemuchmovepeoplefossilfuelstheyarerelativelyeasyextract,relativelyeasytransport,hugelyenergydenseefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitiondifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethesourcesareeasieraccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebecauseregulationmandatesthatmust.Eitherway,thetruththatwhetherwelikeornotourenergytransitioninvolvestermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemonisingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturebe-solved.Ifwedothis—weourselvesbebeguiledbytheideathatsolaradvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelshaveicecream,wewillfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.D.UK'sdependenceondry32.AccordingMikeBemers-Lee,_____.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandC.energytransitionfarfrombeingrealizedB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientD.weareclosertheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demonising”Paragraph6bereplacedby___.A.wastingB.devaluingC.distributingD.justifying34.Whatthewritersattitudetowardthetransitionrenewableenergy?A.IndifferentB.Defensive.C.Disapproving.DCautious.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共根据短文内容，从短文后的7个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。Rethinkingobesity（肥胖症）Inprinciple,soundseatlessandmovemore.dietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.35So,whyhasn’tthisapproachweighcontrolworked?Onepossibilitythatwehaven'ttriedhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowermaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits—achallengemadedifficulttodayforthosesurroundedbyinexpensive,highlyprocessedfoods.36InarecentpapermycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakingmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallytheprimarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedrivenovereatbecausewegettingfatter.Thehowthisworksobesityinsulin（胰岛素）Processed.rapidlydigestiblecarbonhydrates碳水化合物)raiseourinsulinleveltoohigh.37Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesthebloodstreamfallssuddenly,sowehungriersooneraftereating.Theopposingviewsofcauseandeffectobesityhaveverydifferentimplicationsforhowpreventandweightproblems.Theusualapproachfocusesmucheat,withprescriptions（处方）fordailycalorieintake.38Higher-fatfoodshelpridofbodyfat.apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghigh-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayofthinkingmightexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwithobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergythebody,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencystoretoomanycaloriesbodyfat.39Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtestthisidea,questionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesweightgainthathavecontrolledthinkingfordecades.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B.Inview,theemphasisshouldbeplacedwhateat.C.ItimportantcontroltheamountofconsumedbyusD.Obesityadiseaseaffects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomesabetweenmindmetabolism.G.Thiscausesfatcellstoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节共4小题第、2分，第题3分，第题5分共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyyearmoreofusreduceourimpactonplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesachoicegogreen.Refillshopstendsmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostthetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlythelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmplate.Theyalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedbringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedcommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,moresustainableandkindertheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou'rewalkingdowntheyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou'redoinggreatyou'redrivinghoursfindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatbuy.Remember,thewholeprocessnottheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalshopsthattheyencourageusthinkaboutconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspausethinkaboutwemakepositiv