barro-宏观经济学(5th)-课后习题答案

ExerciseforMacroeconomics

Chapter3

TRUE/FALSE

1.Thestandardoflivingofpeopleinacountryistheirpercapitaincome.

2.Diminishingreturnstolaborimpliesthateventuallythemarginalproductoflaborwillbecome

negative.

3.Themarginalproductofcapitalishowmuchoutputchangeswhencapitalincreasesbyoneunit.

4.Savingisincomethatisnotconsumed.

5.Realsavingequalsgrossinvestment.

MULTIPLECHOICE

1.Worldgrowthdatashowsthatfrom1960to2000:

a.theUSandotherOECDcountriesgrewatc.somecountriesparticularlyEastAsian

moderaterates.countriesgrewrapidly.

b.sub-SaharanAfricancountriesgrewatd.alloftheabove.

lowratesordeclined.

2.Worldgrowthdatarevealsthatfrom1960to2000:

a.theUSandotherOECDcountriesgrewatc.somecountriesparticularlyEastAsian

moderaterates.countriesgrewalowratesordeclined,

b.sub-SaharanAfricancountriesgrewd.alloftheabove.

rapidly.

3.Worldgrowthdatarevealsthatfrom1960to2000:

a.theUSandotherOECDcountriesc.somecountriesparticularlyEastAsian

stagnated.countriesgrewatlowornegativerates,

b.sub-SaharanAfricancountriesgrewatlowd.alloftheabove.

ornegativerates.

4.Worldgrowthdatarevealsthatfrom1960to2000:

a.allcountriesgrewatsimilarrates.c.somecountriesparticularlyEastAsian

countriesgrewrapidly.

b.sub-SaharanAfricancountriesgrewd.theUSandotherOECDcountries

moderately.stagnated.

5.TheUSandotherOECDcountrieshadhighlevelsofGDPperpersonin2000despitegrowingata

moderateratefrom1960to2000because:

a.ofexploitationofforeigncountries.c.theystolethewealthoflessdeveloped

countries.

b.theireconomieshadgrownatamoderated.alloftheabove.

rateforacenturyormore.

6.IfAintheproductionfunctionY=A•F(K,L)rises,then:

a.outputrisesforanylevelofKandL.c.themarginalproductofcapitalrises.

b.themarginalproductoflaborrises.d.alloftheabove.

7.AintheproductionfunctionY=A•F(K,L)is:

a.themarginalproductoflabor.c.themarginalproductofcapital,

b.thecapitaltolaborratio(K/L).d.theleveloftechnology.

8.Themarginalproductoflaboris:

a.howmuchoutputrisesforwhenlaborc.labordividedbycapital(L/K)

increasesoneunit.

b.capitaldividedbylabor(K/L).d.theleveloftechnology.

9.Themarginalproductofcapitalis:

a.AV".c.theslopeoftheproductionwhen

technologyandlaborareheldconstant.

b.thechangeinoutputforaunitchangeind.alloftheabove.

capital.

10.Diminishingmarginalproductofcapital(MPK)means:

a.outputrisesascapitalrises.c.outputrisesastheMPKrises.

b.theMPKeventuallyfallsascapitalrises,d.themarginalproductofcapitaleventually

becomesnegativeascapitalrises.

11.IntheproductionfunctionY=A•F(K,L),Lis:

a.leisure.c.themarginalproductoflabor.

b.labor.d.themarginalproductofleisure.

12.IntheproductionfunctionY=A•F(K,L),Yis:

a.goodY.c.themarginalproductofgoodY.

b.production.d.constantreturnstoscale.

13.AmongtheassumptionsmadeabouttheproductionfunctionY=A,(K,L)is：

a.diminishingmarginalproductoflabor.c.diminishingmarginalproductofcapital.

b.constantreturnstoscale.d.alloftheabove.

14.FortheproductionfunctionY=A•F(K,L)constantreturnstoscalemeans:

a.ifcapitalandlabordoubleoutputdoubles,c.themarginalproductsofcapitalandlabor

areconstant.

b.capitalandlaborincreaseataconstantd.technologyisconstant.

rate.

15.IftheproductionfunctionY=A•(K,L)isdividedbyL,then

a.(Y/L)=A*f(K/L).c.y=A・f(k).

b.outputpercapitaequalstechnologytimesd.alloftheabove.

afunctionofthecapitallaborratio.

16.Amongthecategoriesthegrowthrateisbrokendownintobygrowthaccountingis:

a.thegrowthrateoftechnology.c.thecapitallaborratio.

b.themarginalproductofcapital.d.alloftheabove.

17.GrowthaccountingshowsthatGDPgrowthdependson:

a.growthofthecapitalstock.c.governmentpurchases.

b.holdingenvironmentalpollutionincheck,d.havingareasonabledistributionof

income.

18.Growthaccountingshowsthateconomicgrowthdependson:

a.governmenttaxreceipts.c.loweringenvironmentalpollution.

b.thegrowthofthelaborforce.d.alloftheabove.

19.Growthaccountingshowsthateconomicgrowthdependson:

a.controllingenvironmentalpollution.c.increasesintechnology.

b.internationalcooperation.d.alloftheabove.

20.Growthaccountingshowsthateconomicgrowthdependson:

a.increasesintechnology.c.growthinthecapitalstock.

b.thegrowthofthelaborforce.d.alloftheabove.

21.Thegrowthaccountingformulais:

a.LY/Y=hA/A+)・(然/幻+c.YfAY=AfAA+a^(K/hK)+

(1-a)*(AZ/Z)

b.a+£=1d.Y=A•F(K,L)

22.Thelaborforceparticipationrateis:

a.thelaborforcedividedintopopulation.c.thelaborforcetimespopulation.

b.thelaborforcedividebypopulation.d.thelaborpopulationminusthelaborforce.

23.Ifacountryhasapopulationof100millionandalaborforceof60million,thenitslaborforce

participationrateis:

a.0.6.c.40million.

b.1.67d.60million.

24.Ifacountryhasapopulationof300millionandalaborforceof200million,thenitslaborforce

participationrateis:

a.0.67c.100million.

b.1.5d.200million.

25.Thechangeinthecapitalstockinaneconomydependson:

a.theeconomy'ssaving.c.theeconomy'sinvestment.

b.thechangeinbondprices.d.alloftheabove.

26.Inaclosedeconomywithnogovernmentsector,thechangeinthecapitalstockis:

a.netinvestmentlessdepreciation.c.grossinvestment.

b.grossinvestmentlessdepreciation.d.nominalsaving.

27.Inaclosedeconomywithnogovernmentsector,thechangeinthecapitalstockisequalto:

a.netinvestmentlessdepreciation.c.grossinvestment.

b.nominalsaving.d.realsaving.

28.Depreciationofthecapitalstockoccursdueto:

a.machinesdeteriorating.c.bondsfallinginvalue,

b.realestaterisinginvalue.d.alloftheabove.

29.Depreciationofthecapitalstockoccursdueto:

a.inflation.c.bondsfallinginvalue,

b.buildingsneedingrepair.d.alloftheabove.

30.Depreciationofthecapitalstockoccursdueto:

a.deflation.c.bondsfallinginvalue,

b.vehiclesrequiringnewparts.d.alloftheabove.

31.Depreciationofthecapitalstockoccursdueto:

a.machinesdeteriorating.c.buildingsneedingrepair,

b.vehiclesneedingparts.d.alloftheabove.

32.Ifthereare120machinesinaneconomyandthedepreciationrateis5%peryear,then:

a.depreciationis5machinesayear.c.depreciationis115machinesperyear,

b.depreciationis6machinesayear.d.depreciationis114machinesperyear.

33.Ifthereare120machinesinaneconomyandthedepreciationrateis10%peryear,thennextyear

thereare:

a.10oftheoriginalmachinesleft.c.108oftheoriginalmachinesleft.

b.12oftheoriginalmachinesleft.d.110oftheoriginalmachinesleft.

34.Theaverageproductofcapitalis:

a.LYIK.c.YILK.

b.Y/K.d.LYibK.

Figure3.1

Output

35.InFigure3.1theaverageproductofcapitalis:

a.rising.c.falling.

b.constant.d.unknown.

36.InFigure3.1themarginalproductofcapitalis:

a.rising.c.constant.

b.declining.d.unknown.

37.Figure3.1shows:

a.aproductionfunctionwithlaborandc.aproductionfunctionwithcapitaland

technologyconstant.technologyconstant.

b.aproductionfunctionwithcapitalandd.aproductionfunctionwithcapital,labor

laborconstant.andtechnologyconstant.

38.InthesteadystateoftheSolowgrowthmodel:

a.s•(y*—&*)=加氏*c.s(y*-飙*)》注k*

b.s•(y*〈卷尢*d.s-(y*)=*=0

39.IntheSolowgrowthmodeltheecc>nomyreachestheoptimalk*:

a.immediately.c.randomly.

b.overaperiodoftime.d.cyclically.

40.TheSolowgrowthmodelassumesunemploymentis:

a.zero.c.rising.

b.falling.d.constant.

41.TheSolowgrowthmodelignores:

a.theinternationalsector,c.changesinlaborforceparticipation.

b.theroleofgovernment.d.alloftheabove.

42.TheSolowgrowthmodelshowsthatthegrowthrateofrealGDPperworkerdependson:

a.thesavingrate,sc.thedepreciationrate,J.

b.thegrowthrateofthelaborforce,n.d.alloftheabove.

43.TheSolowgrowthmodelshowsthatthegrowthrateofrealGDPperworkerdependson:

a.thesavingrate,sc.therateofinflation.

b.governmentspending,G.d.alloftheabove.

44.TheSolowgrowthmodelshowsthatthegrowthrateofrealGDPperworkerdependson:

a.therateofgrowthofthemoneysupply.c.rateofgrowthofgovernmentdebt,

b.thegrowthrateofthelaborforce,n.d.alloftheabove.

45.TheSolowgrowthmodelshowsthatthegrowthrateofrealGDPperworkerdependson:

a.therateofgrowthofthemoneysupply.c.thedepreciationrate,J.

b.levelofoutputintheeconomy.d.alloftheabove.

46.IntheSolowgrowthmodeltheoptimalcapitaltolaborratio,K/L,iswhere:

a.s(5+n=s*(k/y).c.nJ+s=s*(y/k).

b.s(5+n=s*(y/k).d.sj+s=n*(y/k).

47.IntheSolowgrowthmodelthesteadystateiswhentheeconomyhas:

a.fullemployment.c.zeroinflation.

b.theoptimalcapitallaborratio,k*.d.alloftheabove.

48.DuringthetransitiontothesteadystateintheSolowgrowthmodel:

a.theoutputperworkerrises.c.therateofgrowthofcapitalrises.

b.laborforceparticipationrises.d.alloftheabove.

49.DuringthetransitiontothesteadystateintheSolowgrowthmodel:

a.theoutputperworkerfalls.c.therateofgrowthofcapitalfalls.

b.laborforceparticipationrises.d.alloftheabove.

50.DuringthetransitiontothesteadystateintheSolowgrowthmodel:

a.theoutputperworkerrises.c.therateofgrowthofcapitalfalls.

b.thecapitaltolaborratiorises.d.alloftheabove.

51.TheSolowresidualis:

a.thatpartofoutputgrowthnotattributedtoc.thatpartofoutputgrowthnotattributedto

laborforcegrowth.capitalstockgrowthandlaborforce

growth.

b.thatpartofoutputgrowthnotattributedtod.thegrowthinoutput.

capitalstockgrowth.

52.TheSolowresidualisthatpartofoutputgrowthattributedto:

a.thegrowthrateofthelaborforce.c.thegrowthrateofthecapitalstock.

b.thegrowthrateofoutput.d.thegrowrateoftechnology.

53.TheSolowresidual:

a.isnotdirectlyobservable.c.isattributedtocapitalstockgrowth.

b.attributedtolaborforcegrowth.d.isattributedtolaborforcegrowthand

capitalstockgrowth.

SHORTANSWER

1.Whatisaproductionfunction?

2.Whatdoconstantreturnstoscaleimply?

3.Whatisthegrowthaccountformulaandwhatdoesittellus?

4.Showwhyrealsavingequalsnetinvestment.

5.WhatisthekeyequationoftheSolowgrowthmodelandwhatdoesitsaytous?

ExerciseforMacroeconomics

Chapter4

TRUE/FALSE

1.Anincreaseinthedepreciationrateaffectsthesteady-statecapitalperworkerthesamewayasan

increaseinthepopulationgrowthrate.

2.Ifthesavingrateincreases,thentheoptimumlevelofcapitalperworkerfalls.

3.AnincreaseintechnologycausestherealGDPperworkertoincreaseduringthetransitiontothe

steady-state.

4.Anincreaseintechnologycausethegrowthinrealoutputperworkertobehigherinthelongrunor

steady-state.

5.TheSolowmodelofgrowthsaysthatpoorereconomiesshouldovertimeconvergetowardsricher

onesintermsofrealoutputputworker.

MULTIPLECHOICE

1.IntherevisedversionoftheSolowgrowthmodeltheoptimallevelofcapitalstockperworkerdepends

on:

a.thesavingrating.c.populationgrowthrate.

b.thedepreciationrate.d.alloftheabove.

2.IntherevisedversionoftheSolowgrowthmodeltheoptimallevelofthecapitalstockperworker

dependson:

a.monetarygrowth.c.thesavingrate.

b.governmentspending.d.alloftheabove.

3.IntherevisedversionoftheSolowgrowthmodeltheoptimallevelofthecapitalstockperworker

dependson:

a.monetarygrowth.c.appreciationinthestockmarket.

b.thedepreciationrate.d.alloftheabove.

4.IntherevisedversionoftheSolowgrowthmodeltheoptimallevelofthecapitalstockperworker

dependson:

a.thepopulationgrowthrate.c.inflation.

b.governmentspending.d.alloftheabove.

5.IntheSolowgrowthmodelasagrowingeconomytransitionstothesteadystate:

a.theaverageproductofcapitalfalls.c.theaverageproductoflaborfalls.

b.outputperworkerisconstant.d.thegrowthrateofcapitalisequaltozero.

6.IntheSolowgrowthmodelinthesteadystatethegrowthrateofcapitalperworker,k*,is:

a.rising.c.fluctuating.

b.falling.d.zero.

7.IntheSolowgrowthmodel,iftechnology,A,improves,theninthesteadystate:

a.outputperworkergrowsfaster.c.capitalperworkergrowsfaster.

b.outputperworkergrowsatthesamerate,d.alloftheabove,

zero.

8.IntheSolowgrowthmodel,ifthepopulationgrowthrate,n,increases,theninthesteadystate:

a.outputperworkergrowsslower.c.capitalperworkergrowsatthesamerate,

zero.

b.capitalperworkergrowsslower.d.alloftheabove.

9.IntheSolowgrowthmodel,ifthedepreciationrate,&increases,theninthesteadystate:

a.outputperworkergrowsatthesamerate,c.capitalperworkergrowsfaster,

zero.

b.outputperworkergrowsfaster.d.alloftheabove.

10.IntheSolowgrowthmodel,iflaborinput,L(0),increases,theninthesteadystate:

a.outputperworkergrowsfaster.c.capitalperworkergrowsfaster.

b.capitalperworkergrowsatthesamerate,d.alloftheabove.

zero.

11.IntheSolowgrowthmodelinthesteadystatethegrowthrateofoutputperworker,y*,is:

a.rising.c.constantatzero.

b.falling.d.fluctuating.

12.IfthesavingrateincreasesintheSolowgrowthmodel,thenduringthetransitiontothesteadystate:

a.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkerwillc.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkeris

increase.constant.

b.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkerwilld.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkeris

decrease.zero.

13.IfthesavingrateincreasesintheSolowgrowthmodel,theninthesteadystatethegrowthrateof

capitalperworkeris:

a.constant.c.zero.

b.unchanged.d.alloftheabove.

14.IfthesavingrateincreasesintheSolowgrowthmodel,theninthesteadystatethegrowthrateof

capitalperworkeris:

a.higher.c.lower.

b.unchanged.d.rising.

15.IfthesavingrateincreasesintheSolowgrowthmodel,theninthesteadystate:

a.capitalperworkerandthegrowthofc.capitalperworkerwillbehigherbutthe

capitalwillbehigher.growthrateofcapitalwillbelower.

b.capitalperworkerwillbehigherbutthed.capitalperworkerwillbelowerbutthe

growthrateofcapitalwillremainthegrowthrateofcapitalwillbehigher.

sameatzero.

16.IntheSolowgrowthmodelduringthetransitionanincreaseintechnology:

a.lowersthegrowthrateofcapitalperc.raisesthegrowthrateofcapitalper

worker.worker.

b.doesnotchangethegrowthrateofcapitald.causesthegrowthrateofcapitaltofallto

perworker.zeroperworker.

17.IntheSolowgrowthmodelduringthetransitionanincreaseintechnology:

a.lowersthegrowthrateofoutputperc.raisesthegrowthrateofoutputper

worker.worker.

b.doesnotchangethegrowthrateofoutputd.causesthegrowthrateofoutputper

perworker.workertofalltozero.

18.IntheSolowgrowthmodelduringthetransitionanincreaseintechnology:

lowersthegrowthrateofcapitalandc.raisesthegrowthrateofcapitalandoutput

outputperworker.perworker.

b.raisesthegrowthrateofcapitalperd.lowersthegrowthrateofcapitalper

workerandlowersthegrowthrateofworkerandraisesthegrowthrateof

outputperworker.outputperworker.

19.IntheSolowgrowthmodelintheshortrun,anincreaseinthelaborinputL(0):

a.increasesthegrowthrateofrealoutputperc.reducesthegrowthrateofcapitalper

worker.worker.

b.increasesse(y/k).d.decreasesStJ+n.

20.IntheSolowgrowthmodelintheshortrun,anincreaseinthelaborinputL(0),

a.decreasethegrowthrateofrealoutputperc.increasethegrowthrateofcapitalper

worker.worker.

b.increasess*(y/k).d.decreasesj+n.

21.IntheSolowgrowthmodelinthelongrunorsteadystate,anincreaseinthelaborinputL(0)will,

a.increasethecapitalstock.c.notaffectrealoutputperworker.

b.leadtoagrowthofthecapitalstockperd.alloftheabove.

workerofzero.

22.IntheSolowgrowthmodelinthelongrunorsteadystate,anincreaseinthelaborinputL(0)will,

a.decreasethecapitalstock.c.notchangerealoutputperworker.

b.leadtoapositivegrowthofthecapitald.alloftheabove.

stockperworker.

Figure4.1

Determinants

ofAk/k

K/L=.

23.InFigure4.1thedistancebetweens,(y/k)andsj+nisthegrowthofcapitalperworker:

a.inthetransition.c.inthesteadystate.

b.inthelong-run.d.noneoftheabove.

24.InFigure4.1ifthesavingrateincreases,then

a.thecurvesj+nincreases.c.thecurves]+ndecreases.

b.thecurvesj+nbecomessteeper.d.thecurvesJ+nbecomesflatter.

25.InFigure4.1,ifthesavingrateincrease,then:

a.s・(y/k)increases.c.se(y/k)decreases.

b.se(y/k)getssteeper.d.se(y/k)becomesvertical.

26.InFigure4.1,ifthesavingrateincrease,then:

a.s*(y/k)ands(5+nincrease.c.s*(y/k)andsj+ndecrease.

b.s*(y/k)increaseswhilesj+ndecreases,d.s*(y/k)decreaseswhilesj+nincrease.

27.InFigure4.1,ifthetechnologyimproves,then:

a.s*(y/k)increases.c.s・(y/k)decreases.

b.sj+nincreases.d.sj4-ndecreases.

28.InFigure4.1,iftheinitialamountoflaborincreases,then:

a.s*(y/k)increases.c.sj+nincreases.

b.K/Lmovesawayfromtheoptimum.d.thegrowthrateofpopulationincreases.

29.InFigure4.1,iftheinitialamountoflaborincreases,theninthesteadystate:

a.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkerc.thegrowthrateofoutputperworkeristhe

increases.same.

b.thegrowthrateofoutputperworkerrises,d.thepopulationgrowthraterises.

30.InFigure4.1,iftheinitialamountoflaborincreases,thenduringthetransitiontotheysteadystate:

a.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkerandc.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworker

outputperworkerincrease.increasesandoutputperworkerdecrease.

b.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworkerandd.thegrowthrateofcapitalperworker

outputperworker.decrease.decreasesandoutputperworkerincreases.

31.InFigure4.1,ifthepopulationgrowthrateincreases,then:

a.s*(y/k)increases.c.sj+nincreases.

b.K/Lmovesawayfromtheoptimum.d.theinitialamountoflaborincreases.

32.InFigure4.1,anincreaseinproductivity:

a.raisesthesteadystategrowthrateofc.lowersthesteadystategrowthrateof

capitalperworker.outputperworker

b.doesnotchangesteady-stategrowthratesd.lowersthesteady-statelevelofcapital.

ofoutputorcapitalperworker.

33.InFigure4.1,anincreaseinthedepreciationratehasthesameeffectsas:

a.anincreaseinthesavingsrate.c.anincreaseinthepopulationgrowthrate.

b.anincreaseintheinitialamountoflabor,d.alloftheabove.

34.InFigure4.1,anincreaseintechnology:

a.increasess*(y/k)c.increasessj+n.

b.decreasess・(y/k)d.decreasessj+n.

35.InFigure4.1,anincreaseintechnology:

a.increasesk*.c.decreasesk*.

b.doesnotaffectk*.d.makesk*zero.

36.InFigure4.1,anincreaseinthepopulationgrowthrate:

a.increasesk*.c.decreasesk*.

b.doesnotaffectk*.d.makesk*zero.

37.InFigure4.1,anincreaseinthedepreciationrate:

a.increasesk*.c.decreasesk*.

b.doesnotaffectk*.d.makesk*zero.

38.InFigure4.1,ifthetechnologyimproves,then:

a.thesteady-statecapitalstockincreases.c.thesteady-stategrowthinoutputper

workerincreases.

b.thesteady-stategrowthincapitalperd.thepopulationgrowthrateincreases,

workerincreases.

39.ConvergenceofeconomiesisthetendencyaccordingtotheSolowgrowthmodelfor:

a.richercountriestobuyupallthecapitalinc.poorereconomiestogrowfasterinterms

poorercountries.ofrealGDPpercapitathanricher

countries.

b.richercountriestotenddeclineasd.thetendencyforrichereconomiesto

pollutiondamageincreases.shrinktothesizeofpoorereconomies.

40.Since1960thedatashowatendencyofoutputperworkertoconverge:

a.inallcountriesintheworld.c.inOECDcountries.

b.countrieswithdifferentsavingsrates.d.noneoftheabove.

41.Thedatashowatendencyofoutputperworkertoconverge:

a.amongUSStatesfrom1880to2000.c.inOECDcountriesfrom1960to2000.

b.countrieswithsimilareconomies.d.alloftheabove.

42.Convergencewillnothappenifeconomiesaroundtheworldhave:

a.differentsavingrates.c.differentpopulationgrowthrates.

b.differenttechnologies.d.alloftheabove.

43.Convergencewillnothappenifeconomiesaroundtheworldhave:

a.differentsavingrates.c.differentlevelsoutlaborinput.

b.differentaverageproductsofcapitalinthed.alloftheabove.

transition.

44.Convergencewillnothappenifeconomiesaroundtheworldhave:

a.differentcapitallaborratiosinduringthec.differentlevelsoutlaborinput,

transition.

b.differentpopulation