综合教程4-Unit-1-Never-give-in-never-市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PP

Unit1Nevergivein,never,never,neverLanguagework1/811.Since使用方法HowlongisitsinceyoulivedinShanghai?离开（没住在）上海多久了？ItishalfamonthsincehewasaLeaguemember.他退团（不妥团员）半个月了。It’sbeenquitesometimesinceIwaslastinLondon.我离开伦敦已很长时间了。

比较：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.自从我病愈以来，他一再给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）

HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill.自从我生病以来，他就一再给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）

2/81

Sincewehaveownedacar,wehavegonecampingeveryyear.

自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。

试比较：

1.SinceI’vebeenatthisschool,wehavehadthreeheadmasters.

自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。

SinceIwasatthisschool,theyhavehadthreeheadmasters.

自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。

2.HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.

自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。

HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.

自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。

3/81由此可见，since引导从句连续动词普通过去时和现在完成时所表示意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以必定语法形式反应着否定逻辑内容，而后者形式与内容是一致。

至于Itis+一段时间+since…句型与Ithasbeen+一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。

应注意是，在这种结构中，since引导从句绝对不能用否定式谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：

Itisalongtimesincehedidn’tstudyEnglish.

It’stwomonthssinceyoudidn’tcometoseeme.

正确说法为：

It’salongtimesincehestudiedEnglish他很久没学英语了。

Youhaven’tcometoseemefortwomonths.你有两个月没来看我了。4/81atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitationat:

inresponsetoDetailedreading1–atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitation1e.g.Ameetingwasarrangedattheambassador’srequest.Atmysuggestion,Mrs.Careywrotetoherformeremployer.Collocations:atone’sinvitation/request/suggestion,etc.DetailedreadingTranslation:应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。AttheinvitationofPresidentHuJintao,PresidentoftheUnitedStateswillpayastatevisittoChina.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5/81catastrophic:

a.involvingorcausingsuddengreatdamageorsufferingDetailedreading1–catastrophicSynonym:disastrousDetailedreadingCollocations:catastrophicfloods/losses/effects/resultsDerivation:catastrophen.

6/811.adj.Somethingthatiscatastrophicinvolvesorcausesasuddenterribledisaster.灾难性

Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage.

地震引发海啸攻击了海岸，造成了灾难性损失。

Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic.该国水资源匮乏很可能是灾难性。

2.adj.Ifyoudescribesomethingascatastrophic,youmeanthatitisverybadorunsuccessful.极糟;失败

acatastrophicdepression;catastrophicillness7/81Detailedreading1--upsanddownsupsanddowns:

amixtureofgoodthingsandbadthingsn.沉浮；盛衰；高低e.g.Sittingbesidethewindow,herecalledtheupsanddownsofhisparenthood.DetailedreadingTranslation:从1999年建立以来，企业历经盛衰浮沉。Theorganizationhasexperienceditsupsanddownssinceitwasfoundedin1999.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8/81Detailedreading1--positionposition:

situationataparticulartimeSynonym:situationDetailedreadinge.g.Itistimethosecompaniesrevealedmoreabouttheirfinancialposition.Theirsoccerteamisgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifnothingparticularshowsup.9/811.N-COUNTThepositionofsomeoneorsomethingistheplacewheretheyareinrelationtootherthings.位置

Theshipwasidentified,anditsnameandpositionwerereportedtotheCoastGuard.

该轮船身份已得到确认，其名称和位置已汇报给了海岸警卫队。

2.N-COUNTWhensomeoneorsomethingisinaparticularposition,theyaresitting,lying,orarrangedinthatway.姿势

Itiscrucialthattheupperbackandneckareheldinanerectpositiontogivesupportforthehead.

主要是：上背和颈部要挺直以支撑头部，这一点很主要。

Mr.Dambarhadraisedhimselftoasittingposition.

丹巴先生已坐了起来。

10/813.V-TIfyoupositionsomethingsomewhere,youputittherecarefully,sothatitisintherightplaceorposition.小心放置

Positionthecursorwhereyouwantthenewmarginstobegin.

将光标放在你所要新页边空白开端。

4.N-COUNTYourpositioninsocietyistheroleandtheimportancethatyouhaveinit.(社会)地位

Adjustmenttotheirchangingroleandpositioninsocietycanbepainfulforsomeoldpeople.对有些老年人适应他们在社会中不停改变角色和地位可能是痛苦。

5.N-COUNTApositioninacompanyororganizationisajob.职位[正式]

HeleftacareerinteachingtotakeupapositionwiththeNEH.他放弃了教职，方便在国家人文基金会任职。

11/816.N-COUNTYourpositioninaraceorcompetitionishowwellyoudidinrelationtotheothercompetitorsorhowwellyouaredoing.(比赛、竞赛中)名次

Bytheninthhourthecarwasrunningineighthposition.比赛进行到第9个小时时候该赛车跑在第8位。

7.N-COUNTYoucandescribeyoursituationataparticulartimebysayingthatyouareinaparticularposition.处境;情况

He'sgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifthingsgobadlyforhim.他处境将非常困难，假如情况变糟话。

Companiesshouldbemadetorevealmoreabouttheirfinancialposition.应该要求各企业披露更多财务情况资料。12/81

8.N-COUNTYourposition

onaparticularmatterisyourattitudetowarditoryouropinionofit.态度;看法[正式]

Hecouldbedependedontotakeamoderatepositiononmostofthekeyissues.能够相信，他会在大多数关键问题上持温和态度。

9.N-SINGIfyouareinaposition

todosomething,youareabletodoit.Ifyouareinnoposition

todosomething,youareunabletodoit.(做某事)适当位置

Iamnotinapositiontocomment.我不便发表评论。

10.PHRASEIfsomeoneorsomethingisinposition,theyareintheircorrectorusualplaceorarrangement.在适当位置上

28,000U.S.troopsaremovingintoposition.2.8万名美国士兵即将到位。13/81desperately:adv.绝望地，希望渺茫地;铤而走险地，不顾一切地，拼命地

Thepresidentsayspeoplearedesperatelysearchingforwork,andthegovernmenthasanobligationtoconsidereveryadditionalresponsiblesteppossibletogetthemworkingagain.

Theyaretryingdesperatelytogetwaterintothatpooltoavoidanucleardisaster.

adj.desperate

不顾一切；令人绝望；极度渴望

n.desperation

绝望境地；不顾一切拼命14/81unmeasured/ʌnˈmɛʒəd/

1.adj.measureless;limitless无限

adj.unmeasurable

不可测；无法计量15/81menace/ˈmɛnɪs/CET6TEM4(menacing,menaced,menaces)

1.N-COUNTIfyousaythatsomeoneorsomethingisamenacetootherpeopleorthings,youmeanthatpersonorthingislikelytocauseseriousharm.威胁

Inmyview,youareamenacetothepublic.

在我看来，你对公众是一个威胁。

2.N-COUNTYoucanrefertosomeoneorsomethingasamenacewhenyouwanttosaythattheycauseyoutroubleorannoyance.烦人之人;烦人之物[非正式]

You'reamenacetomyprivacy,Kenton.你是个侵犯我隐私讨厌人，肯顿。

16/813.N-UNCOUNTMenaceisaqualityoratmospherethatgivesyouthefeelingthatyouareindangerorthatsomeonewantstoharmyou.危险性;威胁性

Thereisapervadingsenseofmenace.有一个在蔓延危险感。

4.V-TIfyousaythatonethingmenacesanother,youmeanthatthefirstthingislikelytocausethesecondthingseriousharm.威胁

TheyseemdeterminedtomenacetheUnitedStatesanditsallies.他们好像决心要威胁美国及其盟国。

17/81Detailedreading2--throwingour

throwingourmindsbacktoourmeetingheretenmonthsago:

recollectingourmeetingatHarrowSchooltenmonthsagoe.g.Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945,whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatwaragainsttheFascists.Detailedreading18/81deceptive/dɪˈsɛptɪv/CET6+TEM4

1.ADJIfsomethingisdeceptive,itencouragesyoutobelievesomethingwhichisnottrue.

骗人

Johnstonisn‘ttiredofLasVegasyet,itseems,butappearancescanbedeceptive.

似乎，约翰斯顿还没有厌倦拉斯韦加斯，但表象可能是骗人。

2.deceptively

ADV骗人地

Thestorylineisdeceptivelysimple.

故事情节看似简单。

n.deception

坑骗，欺诈；骗术

deceptiveness

虚伪；迷惑骗人

19/81Detailedreading3--meetwithmeetwith:

experience;undergoDetailedreadinge.g.Attemptstofindcivilianvolunteershavemetwithembarrassingfailure.EffortstoputtheRussianspaceprogrammeintomarkethavemetwithlittlesuccess.Shewasworriedthathemighthavemetwithanaccident.20/81triumph/ˈtraɪəmf/CET4

1.N-VARAtriumphisagreatsuccessorachievement,oftenonethathasbeengainedwithalotofskilloreffort.胜利;成就

Thechampionshipsprovedtobeapersonaltriumphforthecoach.那些冠军称号证实了教练戴夫·多诺万个人成就。

2.N-UNCOUNTTriumphisafeelingofgreatsatisfactionandprideresultingfromasuccessorvictory.(成功或胜利)喜悦

Hersenseoftriumphwasshort-lived.她喜悦感觉是短暂。

3.V-IIfsomeoneorsomethingtriumphs,theygaincompletesuccess,control,orvictory,oftenafteralongordifficultstruggle.成功;获胜

Allherlife,Kellyhadstuckwithdifficulttasksandchallenges,andtriumphed.凯利在一生中遭遇了种种艰巨任务与挑战，但成功了。21/81impostor/ɪmˈpɒstə/alsoimposterTEM8

1.N-COUNTSomeonewhoisanimpostorisdishonestlypretendingtobesomeoneelseinordertogainanadvantage.

假冒者;冒名顶替者

Hewasanimposterwhomasqueradedasadoctor.

他是位冒牌医生。22/81Detailedreading3--imagination

...imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse...:

...whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanreality...e.g.Howdoyoumakethatout(=whatareyourreasonsforthinkingthat)?[+wh-]Ican’tmakeoutwhatshewants.Detailedreadingmakeout:

seeorunderstand

Paraphrase:Ican’tmakeouthowtoputitback.

Idon’tknow/understandhowtoputitback.______________________________________23/81Detailedreading3--far-reachingfar-reaching:

TEM4

1.ADJIfyoudescribeactions,events,orchangesasfar-reaching,youmeanthattheyhaveaverygreatinfluenceandaffectagreatnumberofthings.影响深远

Theeconomyisindangerofcollapseunlessfar-reachingreformsareimplemented.除非实施影响深远改革，不然经济就有瓦解危险。e.g.Theconsequencesofthedecisionwillbefar-reaching.Theydecidedtocarryonfar-reachingconstitutionalreforms.Collocations:far-reachingconsequences/implications/changes/reformsDetailedreading24/81addressCET4TEM4

名词读作əˈdrɛs或ˈædrɛs。动词读作əˈdrɛs。

1.N-COUNTYouraddressisthenumberofthehouseorapartmentandthenameofthestreetandthetownwhereyouliveorwork.地址

2.N-COUNTTheaddressofawebsiteisitslocationontheInternet,forexample,.网址[计算机]

Fulldetails,includingthewebsiteaddresstologonto,areatthebottomofthispage.包含要登陆网址完整信息在本页下端。

25/813.V-TIfaletter,envelope,orparcelisaddressedtoyou,yournameandaddresshavebeenwrittenonit.写(收信人)姓名地址[usupassive]

Applicationsshouldbeaddressedto:Thebusinessaffairseditor.申请信应该寄给商务编辑。

4.V-TIfyouaddressagroupofpeople,yougiveaspeechtothem.作演讲

Heisduetoaddressaconferenceonhumanrightsnextweek.

他下周要在一个人权会议上讲话。

5.N-COUNTAddressisalsoanoun.演讲

HehadscheduledanaddresstotheAmericanpeoplefortheeveningofMay27.他已经安排在5月27日晚向美国人民作一个演讲。

26/81conviction:n.

CET4TEM4

Detailedreading5–convictione.g.Shewasmotivatedbydeepreligiousconvictions.Infaceofdifficulty,heheldaconvictionthatallwouldbewellintheend.Detailedreading(1)astrongopinionorbelief坚定信念[usuNthat](2)[U]thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsth.stronglyorofbeingsureaboutit坚信e.g.Hesaidheagreedbuthisvoicelackedconviction.Theleader’sspeechindefenseofthepolicydidn’tcarrymuchconviction."Weshall,sir,"saidThorne,withconviction.

索恩坚定地说：“先生，我们会”。Collocations:political/moralconvictions27/81nevergiveinorsurrendertotheseeminglystrongenemyneveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy_________________________________________________Detailedreading5–yieldDetailedreadingyield:v.yield(tosth./sb.):

(formalorliterary)giveupcontrol(of)e.g.Afteralongsiege围攻，包围,thetownwasforcedtoyield.Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.Ifthenewlyfoundedregimedoesnotyield,itshouldfacesufficientmilitaryforcetoensureitscertaindefeat.Iyieldedtotemptationandhadachocolatebar.Synonym:surrenderParaphrase:28/81overwhelming:1.ADJIfsomethingisoverwhelming,itaffectsyouverystrongly,andyoudonotknowhowtodealwithit.强悍而令人难以应正确

Thetaskwon'tfeelsooverwhelmingifyoubreakitdownintosmall,easy-to-accomplishsteps.假如你把这个任务分解成一个个轻易完成小步骤，就不会以为那么难以应对。

Theotherwomenallseemedoverwhelminglyconfident.其它女士们似乎都令人难以应对地自信。

2.ADJYoucanuseoverwhelmingtoemphasizethatanamountorquantityismuchgreaterthanotheramountsorquantities.(数量上)压倒性[强调]

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmallbusinessesgobrokewithinthefirsttwenty-fourmonths.绝大多数小企业在最初24个月里破产。

Overwhelminglyadv.(数量上)压倒性地

Thepeoplevotedoverwhelminglyforchange.人们以绝对多数投票赞成变革。29/81Detailedreading5–overwhelming

Theevidenceagainsthimwasoverwhelming.Shehadthealmostoverwhelmingdesiretotellhimthetruth.e.g.Detailedreadingoverwhelming:a.

verygreatinamountDerivation:overwhelm:v.defeatormakepowerless(usu.agroupofpeople)bymuchgreaterforceofnumbers;e.g.tooverwhelmtheopposingarmyTranslation:压倒性大多数表决反对这个提议。Anoverwhelmingmajorityvotedagainsttheproposal._____________________________________________________________30/81liquidate/ˈlɪkwɪˌdeɪt/TEM8

1.V-TToliquidateacompanyistocloseitdownandsellallitsassets,usuallybecauseitisindebt.清算[商业]

Aunanimousvote(全票经过)wastakentoliquidatethecompany.

投票一致经过对这家企业进行清算。

liquidationN-VAR清算

Thecompanywentintoliquidation.这家企业进入了停业清理阶段。

2.V-TIfacompanyliquidatesitsassets,itspropertysuchasbuildingsormachineryissoldinordertogetmoney.将资产换成现金[商业]

ThecompanycloseddownoperationsandbeganliquidatingitsassetsinJanuary.这家企业在1月份停顿运作，开始把其资产折换成现金。31/81flinch/flɪntʃ/

1.V-IIfyouflinch,youmakeasmallsuddenmovement,especiallywhensomethingsurprisesyouorhurtsyou.畏缩[usuneg]

Leostaredbackathimwithoutflinching.利奥毫不畏缩地回瞪着他。

2.V-IIfyouflinch

fromsomethingunpleasant,youareunwillingtodoitorthinkaboutit,oryouavoiddoingit.退缩

Theworldcommunityshouldnotflinchinthefaceofthischallenge.该国际团体不应该在这一挑战面前退缩。

3.Ntheactoraninstanceofdrawingback退缩32/81Detailedreading6–persevereDetailedreadingpersevere:v.

continueinacourseofactioneveninthefaceofdifficultyorwithlittleornoindicationofsuccessCollocations:persevere(insth./indoingsth.);persevere(withsth./sb.)Despiteanumberofsetbacks,theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.e.g.Derivations:perseveringa.;perseverancen.33/81adj.persistent

固执，坚持；持久稳固

persevering

坚忍；不屈不挠

adv.persistently

坚持地；固执地

perseveringly

坚定地

n.perseverance

坚持不懈；不屈不挠

persistence

连续；固执；存留

perseveration

连续言语（指言语重复不止病态）；连续重复行为；执拗34/81Detailedreading7–compliment1compliment:v.politelycongratulateorpraise(sb.)forsth.e.g.ShecomplimentedhimonhisexcellentGerman.DetailedreadingCollocation:complimentsb.(onsth.)

Thesewordshavesimilarspellingsbutcompletelydifferentmeanings.Ifyoucomplimentsomeone,yousaysomethingverynicetothem.Ifonethingcomplementsanother,thetwothingsworkorlookbetterbecausetheyaretogether.Comparison:compliment&complement35/81Detailedreading7–compliment2A.Thedifferentflavorseachotherperfectly.B.ShemeonmyEnglish.

complement______________Detailedreadingcomplimented________________Blankfilling:36/81stern/stɜːn/CET6TEM4

1.ADJSternwordsoractionsareverysevere.(话语或行为)严厉

Mr.Monroeissuedasternwarningtothosewhopersistinviolence.门罗先生向那些顽守暴力之徒发出严厉警告。

sternlyADV严厉地

"Wewilltakethenecessarysteps,"shesaidsternly.

“我们将采取必要办法，”她严厉地说道。

2.ADJSomeonewhoissternisveryseriousandstrict.苛刻

Herfatherwassternandhardtoplease.她父亲苛刻，不易讨好。

3.Ntherearorafterpartofavessel,oppositetheboworstem船尾;艉37/81Detailedreading8–venturetodosthCollocations:venturesth.;venturetodosth.;venture+speech;venturethat…Detailedreadingventuretodosth.:

bebraveenoughtosaysth.e.g.Shehardlydaredtoventureanopinion.Shewouldneverventuretoaskforaraise.“AndifIsayno?”sheventured.Translation:我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。Iventuredtosuggestthatshemighthavemadeamistake.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________38/81Detailedreading1–…youarebeginning……youarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglull…(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:Youarebeginningtobeanxiousbecausetherehasbeennoprogressofthewarinsuchalongquietperiod.Detailedreading39/81Detailedreading3–…appearances……appearancesareoftenverydeceptive…(Paragraph3)Paraphrase:Surfacephenomenatendtobemisleading.Detailedreading40/81Detailedreading3–