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introduction.............................................................................................4

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conclusion..............................................................................................5

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theinfluenceofcultureelementsonthetranslationof

ѧÉúÐÕÃû£ºÑîСÒÕѧºÅ£º098802°à¼¶£ºÓ¢Óïc093Ö¸µ¼½Ìʦ£ººîÏþ¼ÑÖ°³Æ£º½²Ê¦±¨¸æÌá½»ÈÕÆÚ£º£¬4£¬13

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nowadaysenglishcultureplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleinpeople¡¯slife,

advertisementplaysanindispensablerole.englishadvertisinglanguageisan

arethereflectionofenglishculture.howenglishcultureinfluenceadvertisementsis

aninterestingtopic.therearemanytheoriesonenglishcultureandresearchesonthe

featuresofadvertisements.however,therearefewerresearchesontheculture

influenceonadvertisements.

howpeopleandculturesdefinethemselveshasgreatimpactontheirbusiness

practices.considerthecaseofjapan,wheregroupgoalsandneedsarealmostalways

placedaheadofthoseofindividual.injapan,theclassicamericanhero¡ªthe

self-mademanorwomanwhoboastfullylooksoutfor¡°numberone¡±¡ªishardlyan

ideal.theretheindividualgiveswaytothegroup.decisionsaremadeonaconsensus

basisandgroupharmonyisthedesideratum¡ªtothepointthatevenwhenvisitorsare

thoughttobedeadwrong,thejapanesewillnevertellthemthattheyare.thedutch

researcherandbusinessconsultant,geerthofstede,hasdevelopedausefulframework

thatdefineandclassifynationalcultures.eachissueultimatelyhasaveryrealeffect

onhowpeopleprocessinformationandinteracts,eitherpersonallyorwithbusiness

colleagues.thefourdimensionsconsistof:(1)individualism(¡°i¡±consciousness

versus¡°we¡±consciousness);(2)powerdistance(levelsofequalityinsociety);(3)

uncertaintyavoidance(needforformalrulesandregulations);(4)masculinity(attitudetowardachievement,rolesofmenandwoman).afifthdimensionhasalsobeenaddedtodistinguishculturedifference:long-termversusshort-termorientation.thistheorycanbeusedtoexplainmanybusinessprograms.

britishandamericancultureisamultifacetedandbroadconcept,whichcontainslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,materialelements,aesthetics,educationandsocialstructure.jonathancrowtherprovidesinsightsintowhatisimportantorpopularinpresent-daybritainandamericainanengagingmanner,focusingonthepracticalapplicationsofsuchinformationintheoxfordguidetobritishandamericanculture(newedition).theguidediscoversfactsandfiguresaboutbritainandamericainthe21stcentury£¬exploresthelivesoftherich,thefamousandtheinfamous,history,legends,festivals,music,food,shopping,andattitudes£¬looksupfamousquotationsandsayingsandfindsoutwhosaidwhatandgetideasofwhattoread-choosefromlistsofbooksthatwonthebooker,pulitzerandotherprizesplussuggestionsforfurtherreading.

theadvertisementtargetingisessentialtotheadvertisementwhichdetermineswhethertheadvertisementissuccessfulornot.forfiftyyears,theadvertisementtargetingtheorieswentthroughthreestages,namelyusptheoryadvocatedbyrosserreevesinthe1950s,citheoryadvocatedbydavidogilvyinthe1960sandmoderntargettheoryadvocatedbyalriseandjacktroutafter1970s.usporuniquesellingpropositionmeansproposetheconsumerstobuytheproductbecauseitsuniquefeatureorsellingpoint.whileinthe1970s,davidogilvychangedtheusptheorythatisbasedontheproductintocitheorythatisbasedonimage.thenjapanesescholarsdevelopedhistheorywhichbecameasystemcalledcis,namelycorporate

language,thecarrierofculture,isanessentialpartofculture.throughtheanalysisoflanguage,wecanhaveaclearviewofanation¡¯sculture.thelanguagefeatureoftheadvertisementsisdiverse,suchassimple,easytoremember,abbreviation,novelwords.besides,theadvertisementsalsocontainmanyrhetoricalfeatures.¡°kodakisolympiccolor¡±isanexampleofmetaphor.¡°askformore¡±¡°iammoresatisfied¡±thesetwopiecesofadvertisementssmartlytookadvantageofpun,because¡°more¡±notonlyserveasthefunctionword,butalsosymbolizesthemorecigarette.¡°curlsthatlastandlastatlast¡±isrepetition.thereareotherfeaturessuchasexaggeration,personification,andalliteration.

references

crowther,jonathan,,oxfordguidetobritishandamericanculture[m],

oxforduniversitypress

pfund,franziska,,theinfluenceofcultureonadvertisement[j],unpublished

masterpaper.

mitchell,charles,,internationalbusinessculture,shanghaiforeignlanguage

educationpress.

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thebookreport

threemainpartsofabookreport

generallyspeaking,abookreportconsistsofthefollowingthreemainparts:?informationabouttheauthorandhistimes

?asummaryofthebook

adescriptionoftheauthor¡¯stimesshouldbegiventogetherwithabriefaccountofhislife.itshouldincludethecircumstancesthatledtothewritingofthebookunderdiscussionandthehistoricalandsocialbackgroundrelatedtothecontentofthebook.tomakethesethingsclear,thewriterperhapsneedstoreadsomereferencematerial,suchasbiographiesoftheauthorandhistoriesoftheperioddescribedinthebook.

writingofthebookreport

thesummaryofthebookshouldbeself-contained,clear,andeasytounderstand.aboveall,itshouldbeobjective.

3)thesummaryofanoveloraplayisusuallywritteninthepresenttense,whilethatofnonfiction,inthetenseoftheoriginalwork:forexample,thepasttenseshouldbeusedforahistory,andthepresentforascientificwork.

byligang

theteachingofcultureintheenglishlanguageeducationi.introduction

inteachingenglishasaforeignlanguage,theimportanceofteachingculturehasbeenwidelyrecognized.howeverhowtoteachcultureinforeignlanguageeducationisaproblemfacedbylanguageeducatorsallovertheworld.inthepresentthesisconcerninglinguistictheoriesandvariouswaysofteachingforeigncultureintheenglishclassroomwillbesurveyedandstudiedinthelightofchinesesituation.thepresentthesisstressesthatcultureteachingisveryessentialintheenglishlanguageeducation.theteachingoflanguageandtheteachingofcultureareofthesameimportanceintheenglishclassroom.

ii.outline

d.hymesand

m,a.k.

halliday,whichhaveledtoachangeoffocusinenglishteaching.thetheoriesshowustheimportanceofcultureteachingandthatlanguageandcultureareintertwined,thatitisnotpossibletoteachaforeignlanguagewithoutteachingitsculture.

2.2therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture

iwilldiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureinthispart.whatisculture?whatislanguage?istherediversityamongcultures?howdolanguageandcultureinteract?

2.3culturalgoals

inthispart,iwilldiscusstheculturalgoalsforchinesestudents.someadvantagewillpossiblybeshowninthisstudy.

2.4teachingcultureintheenglishclassroom

inthispart,iwilldiscussthecontentandmethodsofteachingcultureintheenglishclassroom.

2.5conclusion