Unit3-Unit4知识点归纳牛津译林版英语八年级上册

U3知识归纳1best(adv.)最好地→good/wellbetterbest；likesth.best最喜欢某物；allthebest一切顺利2so(conj.)所以，和because不可同时用；so(adv.)如此，修饰形容词或副词，如sobig3Subjects：Chinese、Maths、English、History、Geography、Biology、Science、Art......4date(n.)日期→问日期：What’sthedatetoday?；问星期：Whatdayisittoday?5meeting(n.)会议，集会meet(v.)遇见；haveameeting/havemeetings开会;theparents’meeting家长会6show(v.)带，领→showsb.aroundsp.带领某人参观(某地）;showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.把某物给某人看7front(n.)前面→infrontof……在…..前面(外部);inthefrontof……在…..前面(内部)8building(n.)建筑物，房子；inthebuilding→build(v.)建造,(过去式built)9ground(n.)地，地面→onthegroundfloor(英）,onthefirstfloor（美）10diary(n.)日记–diaries(pl.)→write/keepdiaries写日记11look(1)系动词+形容词lookbeautiful/strong/modern/happy/angry；(2)实义动词+副词lookatmehappily/angrily12phone=telephone(n.)onthephone通onTV；byphone通过13take(vt.)需要…时间Ittakessbsthtodosth.花费某人一段时间做某事。（句中时间段提问用howlong）区分：spend（人）花费，句型“sbspends......onsth/(in)doingsth”14open(v.)打开；(adj.)开着的→反close(v.)关闭；closed(adj.)关着的用法：open/close打开/关闭（vt.表动作）→beopen/closed开/关着的(adj.表状态)15kind(n.)种类→all/differentkindsof各种各样的16borrow(vt.)借(进）borrow…from…向某人借某物→区分：lend(vt.)借(出）lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人；keepsth.for+时间段（keep强调借多久）17letter(n.)信→write(letters)tosb.写信给某人；getaletterfromsb.=hearfromsb.收到某人来信18few(pron.)不多（的），几乎没有（否定）→afew一些，少量修饰可数名词little(pron.)几乎没有（否定）;小的→alittle有一些，一点儿修饰不可数名词19away(adv.)离开，远离→far(away)from远离；thirtykilometers（具体数字）awayfrom...离...有30公里远20Thanksfor(+名词/doingsth.)→thanksforyourletter感谢你的来信Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.感谢你的帮助。U3语法点拨——人称代词：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作表语或动词或介词的宾语.Heteaches_____(we)Chinese./I’mwaitingforyou.(介词的宾语)/It’sme.(宾格做表语)2.三种人称代词并列充当主语时时,顺序为:单数:（二,三,一）——（You,sheandI）复数:（一,二,三）——(we,youandthey)注：:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)eg：SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.（一般情况）Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.（承担责任）3.it的特殊用法①it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.whoisthepersonoverthere?—itistheheadmaster.②It也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。1)天气:Howcolditistoday!2)时间:It'sabouteighto'clock.3)距离:It's200kilometersfromhere.③it做形式主语、形式宾语，常用于句型“It’s+adj+（forsb./ofsb.）todosth”；Ittakessbsttodosth.花费时间做某事【拓展】物主代词：物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用.eg:MynameisTom.(形容词性物主代词)名词性物主代词，后面不能加名词,名词性物主代词常与of连用,如Heisafriendofminee.g.Ourclassroomisasbigas______(they)./Thisisafriendof______(my).名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词(上题中mine=myfriends)【练习】用正确的人称代词/物主代词填空1.Myauntisateacher._______isnicetoherstudents.2.TomandIareinthesameschool,but_______aren’tinthesameclass.3.—Hi,David.Howare_______?—Fine,thankyou.4.—Hereissomenews.—Is_______good?5.DavidandKittygotoschooltogetherbecause_______liveneareachother.6.MynameisKittyand_______liveinNanjing.7.Whereisyourfather?Ican’tfind_______anywhere.8.Mr.Wuandhisstudentsareoverthere.Now_______istalkingto_______.9.Mr.Gaoteaches________Mathsandwealllike_______lessons.10.TomandIaregoodfriends._______oftenhelpeachother.U4知识归纳1wake(v.)醒，醒来；唤醒；过去式woke；短语wakeup醒来→awake(adj.)醒着的2seldom(adv.)=notoften很少,不常,频率副词，表否定（never）3need(实义动词）need(sb.)todosth需要（某人）做某事；(情态动词）needdosth.4afterschoolactivities课外活动；区分：afterschool放学后（状语）；afterschool课外的（形容词）5exercise(n.)【C】练习domathsexercises;【C】体操类运动doeye/morningexercises做眼保健操/做早操(n.)【U】锻炼take/doexercise;(v.)锻炼exercisetwiceaweek一周锻炼两次6belatefor迟到；belatetodosth.做某事迟到belateforschool=gotoschoollate上学迟到7start=begin(v.)开始starttodosth./doingsth.开始做某事8quarter(n.)一刻钟；四分之一ataquarterpasteight在8：15aquartertoeight7点459chat(vi.)闲聊chat—chatting—10eachother互相，彼此→helpeachother相互帮助,chatwitheachother聊天,learnfromeachother相互学习11practise/practice(vi.&vt.)练习，训练→practisedoingsth.12fun【u】n.乐趣have(great)fundoingsth.=haveagood/greattimedoingsth.=enjoyoneselfdoingsth.13wish(n.)祝愿bestwishes→wish(v.)希望用法：wishsb.todosth.;wishthat+从句14Wouldlike=‘dlike想，愿意wouldlikesomething/todosth.=wantsth./todosth.想要些.../做某事15life(n)(pl.lives)生活，生命makealiving谋生16luck(n.);幸运→lucky（adj.）幸运的→luckily(adv.)Goodluck!goodlucktosb.withsb.Wishourteamgoodluck.Beluckytodosth.17twiceamonth每月二次onceamonththreetimesamonth18goonpicnics=havepicnics去野餐goonatrip去旅行19dislike(n./v.)不喜欢（讨厌hate）该词不是否定词likesanddislikes喜欢和不喜欢的（事情）20reason(n.)原因thereasonfor…：……的原因21ready(adj.)准备好的→get/bereadyforsth.为某事准备好；get/bereadytodosth.准备去做某事22learn(v.)学习，学会→learntodosth.学做某事；learnfromsb.向某人学习learnalot/muchaboutsth.学习许多关于...的事；learnsth./todosth.byoneself自学某事/做某事23toomuch太多(后接不可数名词)；toomany太多（后接可数名词复数）;muchtoo太(后接形容词或者副词)24world(n.)世界aroundtheworld=allovertheworld遍及全世界；travelaroundtheworld环游世界Unit4语法点拨一、表示时间的介词at,in,on用法辨析1.in的用法1）用于一天的早、中、晚前。（注意：具体日期的早中晚介词用on）例如：WehaveEnglishclassinthemorning.我们早上上英语课。Mymothergoestoworkintheafternoon.我妈妈下午去上班。ShewatchesTVintheevening.她晚上看电视。2）用于月份、季节、年份前。例如：Theflowerseoutinspring.花在春天绽放。TheChildren’sDayisinMay.儿童节在五月。TheycametoChinain1998.他们在1998年来到了中国。2.on的用法。1）用于星期前。例如:WegotoschoolonMonday.我们周一去上学。2)用于某一天前。例如：SchoolbeginsonSeptember1st.学校9月1日开学。3）用于某一天的早中晚前。例如：Shecametoseeusonacoldmorning.她在一个寒冷的早晨来看我们。4）特定的节日（一天）前。WesendsomeflowerstoourteachersonTeachers’Day.教师节我们送老师一些花。【注意】如果节日不止一天，我们用at。例如：atChristmasattheSpringFestival3.at的用法。1）用于某一时刻前。例如：Thetrainleavesat7o’clock.火车7点整开。2）用于年龄前。例如：Shebecameadoctorat23yearsold.她23岁时成为了一名医生。【注】1.时间介词在有些固定词组中不遵循以上原则。例如：atnoon在中午atnight在晚上at/ontheweekend=at/onweekends在周末,前面不加任何介词。e.g.EveryyearmanypeopleetovisittheSummerPalace.Hehadabadcoldlastweek.3.*(易错）泛指inthemorning特指：onthemorningof.....【随堂练习】用适当的介词填空,不用填介词的写/。1.Peoplewillplanttrees___thisSunday.2.Doyougotoschool____Saturdays?No,wedon’t.3.Ourlessonsbegin_____nineo’clock.4.WehavefourlessonsFridayafternoon.5.Over10,000runnersjoinedaminimarathonsinXianlin,Nanjing____May7,2017.6.WeoftenhaveagoodtimeChildren’sDay7.Childrenstartschool_____age6or78.Theywanttowatchthefilm___________theeveningof15November.9.Helefthomeacoldwintermorning.10.DanielgoestotheReadingClubeveryWednesdayafternoonandgoestotheputerClub____Fridays.二、频率副词1、频度副词的的频度由高到低的顺序是：never从不→seldom很少→sometimes有时→often经常→usually通常→always总是例如：Iamneverlateforschool.我上学从来不迟到。Iseldomgotoschoolbybus.我上学很少坐公共汽车。HesometimeswatchesTVaftersupper.他有时晚饭后看电视。Wedonotoftengotothecinema.我们不经常去电影院。Iusuallygotoschoolonfoot.我通常步行上学。Sheisalwayslateforschool.她总是上学迟到。2.频度副词的使用。频度副词经常和一般现在时连用，表示经常或反复发生的动作。例如：He’salwaysbusy。他总是很忙。Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她随时准备帮助别人。Heoftenplaysbasketballafterclass.他下课后经常打篮球。但是频度副词也可以用于其它的时态。例如：Sheoftenworkedonthefarmwhenshewasyoung.她年轻的时候经常在农场干活。3.频度副词在句子中的位置。频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词或者助动词之后,行为动词之前。例如:Sheisoftenlateforschool.她上学经常迟到。Heusuallygoestobedatabout12.他通常(午夜)十