2019教育北师大版高中英语选修七第8讲：Unit21HumanBiology词汇篇2(教师版)

第页Unit21HumanBiology-词汇篇2____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、掌握本单元Lesson2、Lesson3及CommunicationWorkshop中的重点单词，短语及句型。2、灵活运用本单元Lesson2、Lesson3及CommunicationWorkshop中的重点单词，短语及句型。重点单词与短语1.relatev.使有联系；涉及；与……相关词汇拓展：relativeadj.相对的；比较的relativelyadv.相对地relatedadj.相关的；有联系的Muchofthecrimeinthisareaisrelatedtodrugabuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与嗜毒有关。2.it用于强调句强调句型：it+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。可以对主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。Imetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.(对主语、宾语、状语等进行强调可表示为)ItwasIthat/whometanoldfrendinthestreetyesterday.Itwasanoldfrendthat/whoImetinthestreetyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImettanoldfrend.ItwasyesterdaythatImettanoldfrendinthestreet.3.putoff推迟putoff+n./doingsth.推迟某事/做某事I’llhavetoputoffmyvisituntilnexrmonth.我不得不把我的访问推迟到下个月。putsb.off让某人等(由于不想见或不想付款等原因)Iputhimoffwithapromisetopayhimnextweek.我推脱说下个星期付给他钱。4.bringup提出1)提出Thesearemattersthatyoucanbringupatthemeeting.这些事你可以在会议上提出。2)养育Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewasbroughtupbyheraunt.她是婴儿时父母就死了，她是由姑母抚养大的。3)呕吐Shefeltsickandbroughtupherlunch.她觉的恶心并且把午饭吃的食物吐了。5.attempttodo企图做某事辨析attempttodo/trytodo易混词组词义区别attempttodo试图更注重设法做某事，目的性更强trytodo努力尽力做某事，结果不一定成功，较口语化Heattempedtoescapethroughawindow.他试图设法从窗户逃离。Youshouldtrytosolvetheproblem.你应该尽力解决这上问题。6.prohibitv.禁止prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事Thelawprohibitstobacconistsfromsellingcigarettestochildren.法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。7.exposev.暴露；显露1)显露；露出Whenhesmiledheexposedaperfectsetofwhiteteech.他笑时露出一口完美的白牙。2)使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)Thebabywasleftexposedtothewindandrain.婴儿被遗弃于风雨之中。3)揭露，揭穿Shewasexposedasaliarandafraud.她说谎和欺骗的面目被揭穿了。8.agreev.同意agreewithsb.和某人意见一致agreetoaplan/proposal/suggestion同意计划/提议/建议等agreeon…在……上取得一致意见，商定，约定Theyagreeontheplanofwork.agree后跟宾语从句，表示对某事意见一致Weagreethattheproposalisagoodone.我们一致认为这个建议不错。agreetodosth.同意做某事Theyagreetostartearly.他们同意早点动身。9.declinev.下降1)下降，减少Herinfluencedeclinedaftershelosttheelection.她落选后其影响力降低了。2)拒绝；婉言谢绝Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshedeclined.我邀请她加入我们，可是她婉言谢绝了。辨析decline/decrease易混词组词义区别decline下降除了指数值上的下降还指能力等抽象事物的衰退decrease下降专指数值上的下降Hisinterestintheprojectdeclinedafterhiswifedied.在他妻子去世后他对这个项目的兴趣下降了。Thenumberofthestudentsdecreasedfrom500to300.学生人数从500降到了300.10.infavour赞同；支持短语拓展：infavourof赞同；支持infavourwith受宠爱insb.’sfavour有利于某人dosb.afavour帮某人一个忙Iamverymuchinfavourofyourproposal.我非常赞成你的提议。Thestudentisinfavourwithhisprofessor.这个学生深得他的教授宠爱。Excuseme,canyoudomeafavour?劳驾，你能帮我个忙吗？11.pretendv.假装pretendtodosth.假装做某事pretendtosth.自称；自认为pretendthat假装Thechildrenpretendedtoeatmudpies.孩子们假装吃泥饼。Surelyhedoesn’tpretendtoanyunderstandingofmusic.想必他不会自认为懂得什么音乐吧！Shepretendedthatshewasnotathomewhenwerangthebell.我们按门铃时，她假装不在家。例1.(2019湖南)It’snotdoingthethingwelike,butlikingthethingwehavetodo_________makeslifehappy.A.that B.which C.what D.who解析

：考查强调句结构用法。强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。本题强调主语notdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo。句意：是做我们喜欢做的事情，而不是喜欢我们不得不做的事情让生活幸福。故可知本题答案。答案：A例2.(2019海淀二模)Whatisit______makesyoustudysohard?Togotomydreamuniversity.A.what B.that C.who D.whether解析：句意为是什么让你那么努力？去我梦想的大学。本题考查强调句型的用法。所以应用that由语意可知本题答案。答案为B例3.(2019安徽安庆一中月考)ChinaandtheUnitedStatesheldtheirstrategicdialogueonAugust1stand__________toincreaseco-operationandconstructiverelations.A.agreed B.wouldagree C.haveagreed D.hadagreed解析：因为有确定的过去时间onAugust1，再考虑and连接的并列句应时态一致，所以要用一般过去式。由此可知本题答案.答案：A例4.(2019福建四川石室中学一诊模拟)It’sevidentthattheChineseFootballTeamhasn’tyetfoundastylethat___________them.Yousee,theycan’tevenbeatsuchaweakteamasIndonesia.A.matches B.suits C.fits D.agrees解析：考查动词的区分。句义：很显然，中国足球队还没有找到适合他们的风格。你看见了，他们甚至不能击败印度尼西亚这样的一个弱的队伍。matches搭配，强调二者之间的搭配，匹配suitssuit作及物动词用,意为"适合",主要指颜色、衣着、发式、时间、口味、气候、条件、地位等适合某人，fits衣服的大小适合agrees是不及物动词，不能直接带宾语，由此可知本题答案。答案：B例5.(2019福建福州质检)Thedoctoradvisedhertoeatmorebeanproducts__________meatwhichmightbeharmfultoherheart.A.forlackof B.bymeansof C.inplaceof D.infavorof解析：考察介词短语辨析。句义：医生建议她多食用豆类产品来代替肉类，那些肉对她的心脏病有害。Forlackof缺乏，bymeansof通过…的方式；infavorof赞成，有利于；根据语境可知本题答案。答案：C基础演练一．单词拼写(单句首字母填空)1.Itisveryc___________,butI'lltrymybesttoexplainit.2.Shecouldn'tspeakmuchEnglishsoherchildrenhadtoi___________forher.3.Thebodieswerei___________asthoseoftwosuspecteddrugdealers.4.Theyexpressedmixede___________atthenews.5.Wearep___________towelcomeyouasourspeakerthisevening.6.Theclassc___________forallabilityranges.7.Thechildrenweresurprisedbythesuddene___________oftheirteacher.8.Therewasa___________timetogettotheairport,sodon'thurry.9.Weneedmores___________nowtostoreourgoods.10.We'llhavetop___________themeetinguntilnextweek.Keys:1.complicated 2.Interpret 3.identified 4.emotions5.privileged 6.caters 7.entry 8.ample9.storage 10.postpone巩固提高二．翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共5.0分）1.你应该对你的行为负责。Youshould________________________________youraction.2.上课时，你最好把老师讲的课做记录。Inclass,you'dbetter__________________________________whattheteachersaid.3.他已经经历了太多的困难。He_____________________________________toomanydifficulties.4.汤姆是由他的叔叔养大的。Tomwas_________________________byhisuncle.5.因为天气他们把运动会推迟到下周。They________thesportsmeetinguntilnextweek_____________________________weather.Keys:1.beresponsiblefor 2.makenotesof3.hasgonethrough 4.broughtup 5.postponed;becauseof一．单项选择()1.Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?You_____________doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don'thaveto B.oughtn'tto C. mustn't D.can’t()2.MyMP4playerisn'tinmybag.Where_____________Ihaveputit?A.would B.must C.should D.can()3.Haveyou_____________somenewideas?Yeah.I'lltellyoulater.A.comeabout B.comeacross C.comeupwith D.comeoutwith()4.Wouldyouplease_____________thisformformetoseeifI'vefilleditinright?A. takeoff B.lookafter C.giveup D.goover()5.Wehadwantedtofinishourtaskbynoon,butitdidn'tquite_____________asplanned.A.findout B.giveout C.handout D.workout()6.Inordertoraisethepriceofcertaingoods,somebusinessmenkeeptheminthestores_____________.A.inparticular B.onpurpose C.atstake D.bychance()7.There_____________anotherstatuethatusedtobeplacedinthecenterofthetown.A. are B.exists C.seems D.appears()8.It’sagoodidea.Butwho’sgoingto_____________theplan?IthinkTomandGregwill.A.setaside B.carryout C.takein D.getthrough()9.Itisreportedthattheconcerthasbeen_____________owingtotheperformers'disagreement.A.carriedout B.postponed C.performed D.achieved()10.It’sgoingtorain.XiaoFeng,willyoupleasehelpme_____________theclothesontheline?A.getoff B.getback C.getin D.geton()11.40.LittleJohnnyfeltthebag,curioustoknowwhatit__________________.A.collected B.contained C.loaded D.saved()12.Hecouldhardly__________________thisamountofworkinsuchashorttime.A.getthrough B.getoff C.getinto D.getdown()13.Theyoungestbrother,ratherthanhistwoelderbrothers,_____________forthewrongdoings.A.wastoanswer B.weretoanswer C.wasanswered D.weretobeanswered()14.Whencuttingtheclothformysuit,leaveenoughattheedgesto___________mygettingfatter.A.supplyfor B.providefor C.provideagainst D.providewith()15.Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsanda___________ofexercise.A.limit B.demand C.need D.lackKeys:1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.C15.D__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一．单项选择()1.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor_____________youlockyourselfoutoneday.A.eversince B.evenif C.soonafterD.incase()2.Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcases_____________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.as C.why D.where()3._____________hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.A.SinceB.Unless C.As D.Although()4._________________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed()5.Wefindthelake______________withlotsoftrees,cleanandattractive.A.surround B.surrounding C.surrounded D.tosurround()6.Ihave___________________allmypapersbutIstillcan'tfindmynotes.A．lookedthroughB.lookedforC.lookedafterD.lookedout()7.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.sorry,withsomuchwork___________mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.filling C.tofillD.beingfilled()8.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___________,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finished B.finishing C.havingfinished D.wasfinished()9.Somepassengerscomplainthatitusually____________solongtofillintravelinsurancedocuments.A.costs B.takes C.spends D.spares()10.PapermakingbeganinChinaandfromhereit_____________toNorthAfricaandEurope.A.spread B.grew C.carried D.developed()11.Thecitygovernmentdoesn’tallow_____________wildanimalsintheforest.A.tohunt B.hunting C.anyonehunted D.anyonehuntKeys:1.D解析：句意:把你的钥匙留给你的邻居,以防某天你把自己锁在外面。incase"以防",符合句意。2.D解析：A项的which前面如果加上in也可以.C项不符题意.因为主从句之间根本就没有因果关系.B项as不符题意.因为作为关系代词,它的作句子成分主语或宾语,实际上主从句主语、宾语成分具备.如果作为连接词引导原因状语从句,主从句又没有因果关系.D项where表示“在.地方”,在句中作用为关系副词.3.D解析：since由于;unless除非;as当……时;因为……;although虽然……,尽管……4.C解析：expose与one'sskin是动宾关系,要用动名词的被动式作主语。5.C解析：句子的逻辑主语lake与动词surround之间的关系为动宾关系，且句子中的谓语动词已存在所以要用非谓语动词，综合可知要用surround的过去分词形式。6.A解析：lookthrough浏览;仔细查看;lookfor寻找;lookafter照顾;lookout当心,注意。根据题意知答案为A.7.B解析：在"with+复合宾语"结构中,因为宾语补足语表示的动作是宾语正在发出的,故应用现在分词短语作宾语补足语。8.A解析："with+名词+过去分词"结构在本句中作原因状语,相当于hehadfinishedhiswork,所以选A.9.B解析：句意为"有些旅客抱怨说通常要花很长时间来填写旅游保险单"。spend,spare的主语应是人;cost表花费,主语为物;take可由it作形式主语,表花费多长时间。10.A解析：句意为“造纸术起源于中国，并从中国传到北非和欧洲”。spread传播，扩散；grow成长；carry搬运；develop发展；培养；冲洗。11.B解析：allowdoingsth."允许做某事"。句意为"市政府不允许在森林中猎杀野生动物"。选项D应改为anyonetohunt.二.阅读理解AItisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdon'twanttotakeithometoeat.Insomecases,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwillhelpkeepfishvarietyandbuildtheirpopulationsize.TheDepartmentofGameandInlandFisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releasefishingtouseafewsimpleskillswhendoingso.Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvivetobiteagainanotherday.—Whencatchingafish,playitquicklyandkeepthefishinthewaterasmuchaspossible.Don'tuseanetinlandingthefishandreleaseitquicklytopreventitfromdying.—Holdthefishgently.Donotputyourfingersinitseyes.Don’twipethescales(鱼鳞)offthefishbecauseitmightcauseittodevelopadiseaseandreduceitschanceofsurvival.—Removeyourhook(鱼钩)quickly.Ifthehookistoodeeporhookedinthestomach,cutthelineandleavethehookin.Thehookleftinsidewillcausenoseriousproblemtothefish.—Takegoodcareofthefishbymovingitgentlyinwater.Releasethefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.—Donotholdfishinabucketorsomeothercontainersandlaterdecidetoreleaseit.Ifyouaregoingtoreleaseafish,dosorightaway.Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleasedfishabetterchanceofsurvival.()1.PeoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausetheyA.don’twantittodie B.hopeitwillgrowquicklyC.don’twanttohaveitasfood D.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills()2.Whichofthefollowingwillprobablymakeafishill?A.Takingthehookoffit. B.Removingitsscales.C.Touchingitseyes. D.Holdingitinyourhand.()3.Aproperwaytoreleaseafishisto.A.moveitinwatertillitcanswim B.takethehookoutofitsstomachC.keepitinabucketforsometime D.letitstrugglealittleinyourhand()4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing. B.Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.C.Toencouragepeopletosetfishfree. D.Togiveadviceonhowtoreleasefish.Keys:1C 2.B 3.A 4.D BNelsonMandelaisrespectedandadmiredaroundtheworld.AndtoSouthAfricansheisasuperstar.Heisaherowhoshockedtheworldbyfightingforpeacebetweenraces,despitethe27yearshespentintheprisonoftheSouthAfrica'swhite,racistregime(政权).Mandelawhowonthenation'sfirstall-raceelectionsafterthefallofapartheid(种族隔离)in1994,retiredin2019.Butheremainsaspopularasever.Hispopularityhasinspiredanentirenationalindustry.Hisportrait(肖像)hasappearedatmanyplaces,includingonsomegoods.HisfacehasappearedonaSouthAfricancoin,ametropolitanareawasnamedinhishonorandsomebusinessleadershopetobuildamassive,rotatingstatueinhislikeness—theStatueofFreedom.ItwouldstandtallerthanNewYork’sStatueofLiberty.HispopularappealissimilartothatofJohnF.KennedywithUSorWinstonChurchillinBritain,butfewpoliticiansinthistimeshaveachievedhislevelofadmiration,saidTomLodge,headofthepoliticalsciencedepartmentoftheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand.“Sometimesitisn'tcompletelyappreciatedwhataskill