高中英语必修5讲义Module3Section3

[语法初识]原句感知自主探究1....butwhenIsuggestedthatwemightfindsomethingusefulontheboat,heagreedtogo.2．Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.3．Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.4．ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,wefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.5．Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.6．ButalthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltverycurious,soIputmyheadroundthedoor.1.句1和句2分别用了动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语。2．句3和句4分别用了动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语。3．句5中动词ing形式作定语；句6中过去分词作表语。4．句6中的黑体词felt为连系动词。[语法剖析]语法点一非谓语动词非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词能作除谓语之外的其他句子成分。1．动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面。常见的此类动词有：afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,manage,pretend,plan,refuse,hope,want,wish等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我从旁边经过时她假装没看见我。[巧学助记]决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意要求帮一帮。(2)跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有：enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考虑),delay,putoff,giveup,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate,beusedto(习惯于),feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,can'thelp(情不自禁)等。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。[巧学助记]坚持练习不逃避，建议完成少延期。享受忍受不介意，避免否定与妒忌。思考冒险想象力，承认过错原谅你。(3)动词不定式或动词ing形式作宾语时，如果其后跟宾语补足语，这时常用it作形式宾语，把不定式或动词ing形式后置。Theteacherfounditdifficulttobanstudentsfromcarryingmobilephones.老师发现禁止学生带很难。Weconsideritnousearguingwithher.我们认为和她争论是没用的。(4)既接动词不定式也接动词ing形式的动词①有些动词接不定式和动词ing形式时没有很大区别，如continue,begin,start,prefer,like,love,hate等。②有些动词或动词短语后面接不定式和动词ing形式作宾语，意思却完全不同。—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—No,Idon'tregretquarrellingwithhim.——你应该向你的兄弟道歉。——不，我不后悔与他吵架。Iregrettotellyouthatyouhavebeendismissed.我很遗憾地告诉你你被开除了。2．动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语补足语(1)跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise,allow,beg,tell,ask,order,persuade,cause,force,forbid,invite,request,want,warn等。Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。(2)有些动词，如make,let,have,see,watch,hear,notice等用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to。Ifeltsomebodyopenmydoor.我感觉有人开了我的门。(3)动词ing作宾语补足语时，宾语和宾语补足语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行或延续。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。[名师点津]感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生；跟动词ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行。3．动词ing形式和动词ed形式作定语(1)动词ing形式作定语与被修饰词之间是主动或进行关系；动词ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间是被动或完成关系。Thesleepingboyismyson.那个正睡觉的男孩是我儿子。Hewasthenateacherrespectedbyallhisstudents.当时他是一位受他的所有学生尊敬的老师。(2)某些具有使动意义的动词ed形式表示心理感受或心理状态，常被译作“感到……的”，而其ing形式常表示事物的性质特征，常译作“令人感到……的，令人……的”。afrightenedlook一个害怕的表情afrighteninglook一个令人害怕的表情4．动词ing形式和动词ed形式作表语动词ing作表语表示主语的性质；动词ed作表语表示主语所处的状态或主语的感受。Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.那声大喊令人害怕，那帮男孩害怕了。集中演练11－1.单句语法填空①Irememberbeing_taken(take)toThailandbymyparentswhenIwasachild.②Idon'tallowsmokinginmydrawingroomandIdon'tallowmyfamilyto_smokeatall.(smoke)③AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I'dappreciatehearing(hear)fromyounowandthentelling(tell)mehoweverythingisgoing.④—MightMarygowithmetothemovies,Mrs.Wilson?—I'msorry,butIdon'twantmydaughterto_be_taken(take)outatnight.⑤Ifounditimpossibleto_answer(answer)allthequestionswithinthegiven(give)time.⑥Shepreferredstaying(stay)athometogoing(go)tothecinema.⑦Theresultofthetalkwassatisfying(satisfy),sowehadabigdinnertogetherlastnight.⑧Thefrightened(frighten)boystartedcryingandlookedforhismothereverywhere.⑨Ifinallypersuadedmymotherto_give(give)memorefreedomonweekends.⑩Harrygotexcited(excite)whenheheardthenewsthathehadbeenchosentobeanexchangestudent.1－2.单句改错⑪Thepolicemanwasastonishingtofindthedriverwasanineyearoldboy.astonishing→astonished⑫Janehopedmakinghermotherhappywithagift.making→to_make⑬Bobwasn'tallowedplayingvideogamesatweekends.playing→to_play⑭“I'lltreatyoutoabigdinnerifIwin.”hesaidinanexcitingvoice.exciting→excited⑮Weshouldthinkofawaytomakehimbeeinterestinginoureresting→interested⑯Don'tworry,Susan.I'llhavePetertohelpyouatonce.去掉to⑰Assheislookingforwardtohearfromme,pleaseremembertopostthisletteronyourwaytoschool.hear→hearing⑱Mr.Greenwarnedhissonnottodrivingafterdrinking.driving→drive⑲—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynottrytogobyboatforachange？to_go→going⑳LiLeiisaskinghisbrother,anEnglishteacher,helpinghimthinkofaforeignname.helping→to_help语法点二连系动词1．连系动词本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成复合谓语。常见的连系动词有：(1)状态系动词：be,remain,keep,stay；(2)表示“看起来”的系动词：seem,appear,look；(3)表示“……起来”的感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,taste,look；(4)变化系动词：bee,grow,turn,fall,get,go,e等。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到这，脸红了。Thecitylooksverybeautiful.那个城市看起来非常漂亮。Thewomanalmostwentmadwhensheheardtheterriblenews.当听说了那个糟糕的消息时，那名妇女几乎要发疯了。2．连系动词后面除可跟形容词外，也可接like,asif/asthough等短语或句型。Hesoundsasifhewerecryingwhilesheappearslikeahappygirl.他听起来好像在哭，而她看起来像一个快乐的女孩。集中演练22－1.完成句子①Healwayskept_silentatthemeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。②Theseflowerssmell_very_sweet．这些花闻起来很香。③Theweatherhasturned_cold_and_windy．天气变得寒冷多风。④Itlooks_like_a_horseatfirst.一开始它看起来像一匹马。2－2.翻译句子⑤他在听讲座的时候睡着了。(fall)He_fell_asleep_while_he_was_listening_to_the_speech.⑥天看起来好像要下雨。(look)It_looks_as_if_it_is_going_to_rain.⑦那些橘子很好吃。(taste)Those_oranges_taste_good.⑧随着年龄的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。(get)We_get_wiser_as_we_get_older.[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Yangshuois(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.解析：阳朔真的很漂亮。此处是客观陈述，故应该使用一般现在时。由下句中的谓语动词name使用一般现在时也可知道答案。2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliving(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.解析：住在上海和香港的人们。由于people和动词live之间是主谓结构，故应该使用living作定语修饰名词people，相当于定语从句wholiveinShanghaiandHongKong。3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)built(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.解析：考查过去分词作定语。builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest是过去分词短语作定语修饰Theadobedwellings。build和被修饰词之间是被动关系，且此动作已发生，所以用过去分词。4．(2015·陕西高考)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwentonto_thank(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖后，AnneBenedict继续感谢在事业上帮过她的所有人。goondoingsth.“继续做同一件事”，goontodosth.“继续做另一件事”。AnneBenedict先是获得了奖项，然后又表达的感谢，故不是同一件事。5．(2015·浙江高考)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitbeing_performed(perform)liveisquiteanother.解析：句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏又是另一回事。宾语it与perform之间是被动关系，应该用被动形式，beingperformed表示正在进行的被动动作。6．(2014·福建高考)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect)．解析：句意：对那些远离家庭成员的人来说，个人电脑和对保持联系来说是重要的。stay是系动词，人和联系之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作表语。7．(2014·陕西高考)It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：今天非常热。你想去游泳吗？feellikedoingsth.“想做某事”。[针对演练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．MyEnglishteacheradvisedmeto_listen(listen)totheVOAandBBCnewsinmyfreetime.2．Alicesuggestedtaking(take)aphototogetherwiththebeautifulflowers.3．Myfatherparticularlyenjoysplaying(play)chess.4．Thepuzzled(puzzle)expressiononhisfacesuggestedthathedidn'tunderstandwhatIhadsaid.5．Shewasbroughtupinabigfamily,soshehadbeenusedtosharing(share)whatshehadwithothers.6．Thepublicgotshocked(shock)whentheyheardthenewsthatmorethan3，000peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.7．Thebossexpectedmeto_take(take)hisplace,butIrefusedbecauseIdidn'thavemuchexperience.8．Whentheteachercaughthimcheating(cheat)intheexam,shestoppedhimatonce.9．Mr.Linagreedto_give(give)ussomehelpwhenwesetupourownpany.10．It'spleasing(please)tothinktheselovelychildrenaremystudents.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ourteacheroftenencourages_us_to_findourowndifferentwaystolearnwell.我们老师经常鼓励我们找到自己不同的方法学好知识。2．Headmit