胡壮麟 语言学教程 练习题

第第页胡壮麟语言学教程练习题胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

重点章节测试题

TestOne:InvitationstoLinguisticsI.

1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________.A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang3.Thefunctionofthesentence―Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.‖is__________.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎〔岁岁〕平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability

B.Duality

C.Displacement

D.Arbitrariness

6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?—Aniceday,isn’tit?—Right!Ireallyenjoythesunlight.A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal7.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole

8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethate*istshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality9.__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

A.PsycholinguisticsC.SociolinguisticsA.LinguistictheoryC.Appliedlinguistics

B.AnthropologicallinguisticsD.AppliedlinguisticsB.PracticallinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

10.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18.AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisane*ampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.20.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.Fillintheblanks.(10%)

21.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.IV.E*plainthefollowingterms,usinge*amples.(20%)

31.Designfeature32.Displacement33.Competence34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?〔南开高校，2022〕36.Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?〔北京第二外国语高校，2022〕

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?〔青岛海洋高校，1999〕

TestTwo:PhoneticsandPhonologyI.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciation2.Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).

D.voice

A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharyn*D.uvula5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.6.7.

A.wideB.closingC.narrowAphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesWhichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?A.AcousticphoneticsC.Auditoryphonetics

D.centeringD.allophones

B.ArticulatoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove

8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i:]B.[u]C.[e]10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.Voiceless

B.Voiced

C.Glottalstop

D.[i]D.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.

13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.la*orlongvs.short.

19.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

20.Thema*imalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

22.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.

23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.

24.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.

26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisane*ampleforillustrating__________.

27.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

28.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.

29.__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

30.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.IV.E*plainthefollowingterms,usinge*amples.(20%)

31.Soundassimilation32.Suprasegmentalfeature33.Complementarydistribution34.Distinctivefeatures

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.Whatisacousticphonetics?〔中国人民高校，2022〕

36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?〔南开高校，2022〕

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.E*ample:voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.〔青岛海洋高校，1999〕

TestThree:MorphologyI.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)(1)voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop(2)lowfrontvowel(3)lateralliquid(4)velarnasal

(5)voicedinterdentalfricative

1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.A.le*icalwordsB.grammaticalwordsC.functionwordsD.formwords2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.4.5.

A.inflectional

B.free

C.bound

D.derivationalD.si*D.stems

3.Thereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.

A.threeB.fourC.fiveInEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.A.prefi*esB.suffi*esC.infi*esThethreesubtypesofaffi*esare:prefi*,suffi*and__________.

A.derivationalaffi*B.inflectionalaffi*C.infi*D.back-formation6.__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadye*istingwordsbysubtractinganaffi*whichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.A.affi*ationB.back-formationC.insertion7.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof__________.

D.additionD.blendingD.acronymyD.disagreementD.allomorph

A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialism8.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby__________.A.blendingB.clipping9.Thestemofdisagreementsis__________.

C.back-formation

A.agreementB.agreeC.disagree10.Allofthemaremeaningfule*ceptfor__________.

A.le*eme

B.phoneme

C.morpheme

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

12.Foreasinforetellisbothaprefi*andaboundmorpheme.

13.Basereferstothepartofthewordthatremainswhenallinflectionalaffi*esareremoved.

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

14.Inmostcases,prefi*eschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffi*eschangetheword-classofthebase.

15.Conversionfromnountoverbisthemostproductiveprocessofaword.

16.Reduplicativecompoundisformedbyrepeatingthesamemorphemeofaword.17.Thewordswhimper,whisperandwhistleareformedinthewayofonomatopoeia.18.Inmostcases,thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorrespondstothenumberofmorphemes.19.Back-formationisaproductivewayofword-formations.20.Inflectionisaparticularwayofword-formations.

III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.An__________ispronouncedletterbyletter,whilean__________ispronouncedasaword.

22.Le*icon,inmostcases,issynonymouswith__________.

23.Orthographically,compoundsarewritteninthreeways:__________,__________and__________.

24.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainaroot__________.

25.Asmallsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongto__________class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongsto__________class.26.__________isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessofshortening.27.__________ise*tremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.

28.Wordsaredividedintosimple,compoundandderivedwordsonthe__________level.

29.Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda__________,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda__________.

30.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:__________and__________.IV.E*plainthefollowingterms,usinge*amples.(20%)

31.Blending32.Allomorph33.Closed-classword34.Morphologicalrule

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.HowmanytypesofmorphemesarethereintheEnglishlanguage?Whatarethey?〔厦门高校，2022〕

36.WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheEnglishcompounds?

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.MatchthetermsunderCOLUMNIwiththeunderlinedformsfromCOLUMNII〔武汉大

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

学，2022〕(1)(2)(3)

Iacronymfreemorphemederivationalmorpheme

a.b.c.e.

IIfoe

subconsciousUNESCOcalculation

(4)inflectionalmorpheme(5)prefi*

TestFour:Synta*I.

d.overwhelmed

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.Thesentencestructureis________.

A.onlylinearB.onlyhierarchicalC.comple*D.bothlinearandhierarchical2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.A.large

B.small

C.finite

D.infinite

3.The________rulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.A.le*icalB.morphologicalC.linguisticD.combinational4.Asentenceisconsidered____whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammati-calknowledgein

themindofnativespeakers.

A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical5.A__________intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A.coordinatorB.particleC.preposition6.Phrasestructureruleshave____properties.

D.subordinator

A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.socialD.functional7.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand_____________.A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

B.whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwordsC.howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentencesD.alloftheabove.

8.Theheadofthephrase―thecityRome‖is__________.A.thecityB.RomeC.city9.Thephrase―ontheshelf‖belongsto__________construction.

A.endocentric

B.e*ocentric

C.subordinate

D.thecityRomeD.coordinate

10.Thesentence―Theywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoe*posethemselves.‖isa__________sentence.A.simple

B.coordinate

C.compound

D.comple*

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerareknownaslinguisticcompetence.

12.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

13.Inacomple*sentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.14.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.

15.Minorle*icalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfi*edandnewmembersareallowedfor.

16.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andau*iliaryphrase.

17.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.

18.Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.

19.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.

20.Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthele*icon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.

III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.A__________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.

22.A__________isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

23.A__________maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.

24.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalled__________.

25.A__________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.

26.Inthecomple*sentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalledan__________clause.

27.Majorle*icalcategoriesare__________categoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.

28.__________conditiononcaseassignmentstatesthatacaseassignorandacaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.

29.__________aresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamongnaturallanguages.

30.Thetheoryof__________conditione*plainsthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyin

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

subjectandobjectpositions.

IV.E*plainthefollowingterms,usinge*amples.(20%)

31.Synta*32.ICanalysis

33.Hierarchicalstructure34.Tracetheory

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.Whatareendocentricconstructionande*ocentricconstruction?〔武汉高校，2022〕36.Distinguishthetwopossiblemeaningsof“morebeautifulflowers”bymeansofICanalysis.〔北京第二外国语高校，2022〕

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.DrawatreediagramaccordingtothePSrulestoshowthedeepstructureofthesentence:

TestFive:Semantics

[Mainlytakenfroml*m1000w’se*ercises.–icywarmtea]I.

Choosethebestanswer.(20%)Thestudentwrotealetteryesterday.

1.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby________.A.PlatoB.BloomfieldC.GeoffreyLeech

D.Firth

2.―Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.‖Thisstatementrepresents_______.A.theconceptualistviewB.conte*utalismC.thenamingtheory3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

D.behaviorism

A.Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.B.Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.C.Senseisabstractanddeconte*tualized.

D.Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.4.―CanIborrowyourbike?‖_______―Youhaveabike.‖

A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes

5.___________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaning

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

components,calledsemanticfeatures.

A.PredicationanalysisB.ComponentialanalysisC.PhonemicanalysisD.Grammaticalanalysis6.―Alive‖and―dead‖are______________.A.gradableantonymsB.relationalantonymsC.complementaryantonyms

D.Noneoftheabove

7._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofe*perience.A.ReferenceB.Conceptform.

A.Polysemy

C.Semantics

D.Sense

8.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesame

B.Synonymy

C.Homonymy

D.HyponymyD.synonyms

9.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled______________.A.homonymsB.polysemiesC.hyponyms

10.Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.A.grammaticalrulesB.selectionalrestrictionsC.semanticrulesD.semanticfeatures

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)

11.DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,fore*ample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.

12.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofe*perience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.13.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.14.Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofe*perience.

15.Conte*tualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservableconte*ts.

16.Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.

17.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.

18.Mostlanguageshavesetsofle*icalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality.

19.―Itishot.‖isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.

20.Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitispredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)

21.__________canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.

22.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisno__________linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

23.__________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofe*perience.24.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled__________.

25.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalled__________.

26.__________oppositesarepairsofwordsthate*hibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.

27.__________analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.

28.Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalled__________restrictions,whichareconstraintsonwhatle*icalitemscangowithwhatothers.

29.A(n)__________isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement(s)inasentence.

30.Accordingtothe__________theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalan-guagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.

IV.E*plainthefollowingterms,usinge*amples.(20%)

31.Entailment32.Proposition

33.Componentialanalysis

34.ReferenceV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)

35.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweenthefollowinggroupsofwords?Dogs,cats,pets,parrots;trunk,branches,tree,roots〔青岛海洋高校，1999〕36.Whatarethethreekindsofantonymy?〔武汉高校，2022〕

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)

37.Foreachgroupofwordsgivenbelow,statewhatsemanticpropertyorpropertiesaresharedbythe(a)wordsandthe(b)words,andwhatsemanticpropertyorpropertiesdistinguishbetweentheclassesof(a)wordsand(b)words.

TestSi*:Pragmatics

(1)a.bachelor,man,son,paperboy,pope,chiefb.bull,rooster,drake,ram(2)a.

table,stone,pencil,cup,house,ship,car

b.milk,alcohol,rice,soup

(3)a.book,temple,mountain,road,tractorb.idea,love,charity,sincerity,bravery,fear〔青岛海洋高校，1999〕

胡壮麟语言学教程练习题

I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)

1.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.A.reference

B.speechact

C.practicalusage

D.conte*t

2.Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A.pragmatic

B.grammatical

C.mental

D.conceptual

3.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(n)_________.

A.constativeB.directive4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

C.utterance

D.e*pressive

A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

5.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.A.inthelate50’softhe20thecentury

C.inthelate1960’s

B.intheearly1950’s

D.intheearly21stcentury

6.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.A.AlocutionaryactB.AnillocutionaryactC.AperlocutionaryactD.Aperformativeact7.AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.A.togetthehearertodosomething

B.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecaseC.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

D.toe*pressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsane*istingstateofaffairs

8.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer__________.

A.intheirillocutionaryactsC.intheirstrengthorforce

B.intheirintentionse*pressedD.intheireffectbroughtaboutB.PolitenessPrinciple

9.__________isadvancedbyPaulGriceA.CooperativePrinciple

C.TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammarD.AdjacencyP