全球消费价格指数CPI与通货膨胀分析报告（英文版）-2024年1月上传培训课件

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REGIONSConsumerPriceIndexandInflationrateCHAPTER

01ConsumerPriceIndexandInflationrateConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)ofallurbanconsumersintheUnitedStatesfrom1992to2022ConsumerPriceIndexofallurbanconsumers1992-2022350300250200150100'92

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'223Description:In2022,theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)was292.56.DatarepresentsU.S.cityaverages.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1992to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsAnnualinflationrateintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2022U.S.annualinflationrate1990-20229%8%7%6%5%4%3%2%1%0%-1%'90

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'224Description:Ineconomics,theinflationrateisameasureofthechangeinpriceofabasketofgoods.Themostcommonmeasurebeingtheconsumerpriceindex.Itisthepercentagerateofchangeinpricelevelovertime,andalsoindicatestherateofdecreaseinthepurchasingpowerofmoney.Theannualrateofinflationfor2022,waseightpercenthigherintheUnitedStateswhencomparedtothepreviousyear.Moreinformationoninflationandtheconsumerpriceindexcanbefoundonour[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMonthlyConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)ofallurbanconsumersintheU.S.fromSeptember2021toSeptember2023(notseasonallyadjusted)U.S.monthlyCPIofallurbanconsumers2021-2023310307.79307.03305.69305.12304.13303.36305300295290285280275270301.84300.84299.17298.01297.71296.81296.31296.28296.17296.8292.3289.11287.5283.72281.15278.8277.95276.59274.31Sep

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'235Description:InSeptember2023,theunadjustedconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofallitemsforurbanconsumersintheUnitedStatesamountedtoabout307.79.ThedatarepresentsU.S.cityaverages.Thebaseperiodwas1982-84=100.TheCPIisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesBureauofLaborStatisticsas"ameasureoftheaveragechangeovertimeinthepricespaidbyurbanconsumersforamarketbasketofconsumergoodsandservices".

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2021toSeptember2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMonthly12-monthinflationrateintheUnitedStatesfromSeptember2020toSeptember2023U.S.monthlyinflationrate202310.0%9.0%8.0%7.0%9.1%8.6%8.5%8.3%8.5%8.3%8.2%7.7%7.1%6.5%7.9%7.5%7%6.8%6.2%5.4%6.4%6%6.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%5.4%5.4%5.3%5%5%4.9%4.2%4%3.7%3.7%3.2%3%2.6%1.7%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.2%1.2%6Description:InSeptember2023,priceshadincreasedby3.7percentcomparedtoSeptember2022accordingtothe12-monthpercentagechangeintheconsumerpriceindex-themonthlyinflationrateforgoodsandservicesintheUnitedStates.ThedatarepresentsU.S.cityaverages.Ineconomics,theinflationrateisameasureofthechangeinpricelevelovertime.Therateofdecreaseinthepurchasingpowerofmoneyisapproximatelyequal.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2020

toSeptember2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMonthlypercentagechangeintheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI-U)intheUnitedStatesfromSeptember2022toSeptember2023U.S.monthlychangeintheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI-U)2022-20230.7%0.6%0.6%0.5%0.5%0.5%0.4%0.3%0.2%0.1%0.0%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.1%0.1%0.1%Sep'22Oct'22Nov'22Dec'22Jan'23Feb'23Mar'23Apr'23May'23Jun'23Jul'23Aug'23Sep'237Description:InSeptember2023,theseasonallyadjustedconsumerpriceindexforallurbanconsumers(CPI-U)intheUnitedStatesincreasedby0.4percent.ThedatarepresentscityaveragesintheUnitedStates.Thedefinedbaseperiodis:1982-84=100.TheCPIisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesBureauofLaborStatisticsas"ameasureoftheaveragechangeovertimeinthepricespaidbyurbanconsumersforamarketbasketofconsumergoodsandservices".

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2022toSeptember2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatistics12-monthpercentageofchangeintheUnitedStates'ConsumerPriceIndex(CPI-U)inSeptember2023,byexpenditurecategoryU.S.12-monthpercentageofchangeCPI-U2023,byexpenditurecategory12-monthpercentageofchange-8%-6%-4%-2%0%2%4%6%8%10%Rentofprimaryresidence7.4%Housing5.6%Otherservices4.4%3.9%3.7%RecreationFoodandbeveragesGasoline(alltypes)3%Education2.9%Electricity2.6%2.4%2.3%TransportationApparelCommunication-0.1%Medicalcare-1.4%Computers,peripherals,andsmarthomeassistantdevicesFueloilandotherfuels-5.2%-5.6%8Description:InSeptember2023,gasolinepriceswerearoundthreepercenthigherthaninSeptember2022.ThedatarepresentscityaveragesintheUnitedStates.Thedefinedbaseperiodis:1982-84=100.CPIisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesBureauofLaborStatisticsas"ameasureoftheaveragechangeovertimeinthepricespaidbyurbanconsumersforamarketbasketofconsumergoodsandservices".Itisbasedonpricesoffood,clothing,shelter,fuels,transportationfares,chargesfordoctors`[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)ofallurbanconsumersintheUnitedStatesin2022,byregionU.S.ConsumerPriceIndex2022,byregion350310.51303.32296.830025020015010050283.67272.40U.S.cityaverageNortheastMidwestSouthWest9Description:In2022,theannualaverageConsumerPriceIndexintheWesternUnitedStatesamountedto310.51.ThisputitfarabovetheaverageforallU.S.citieswhichcameto296.8duringthesameperiod

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCoreConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)forallitems(excludingfoodandenergy)ofurbanconsumersintheU.S.from1990to2022U.S.coreConsumerPriceIndexexcludingfoodandenergy1990-2022350300250294.31277.26267.69263.21257.57252.17247.6242.25237.9233.81229.76225.01221.34219.24215.57210.73205.9200.9196.6193.2190.5186.1181.3200150100177173.4169.5165.6161.2156.5152.2147.3142.1135.510Description:In2022,thecoreCPIintheUnitedStateswas294.31,withabase100periodof1982-1984.ThisparticularrepresentationoftheCPI,alsocalledCoreCPI,excludesgoodswithhighpricevolatilitylikefoodandenergy,whicharenon-systemic.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCHAPTER

02ChainedConsumerPriceIndexChainedconsumerpriceindex(C-CPI-U)ofallurbanconsumersintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022,atyear-endChainedconsumerpriceindexofallurbanconsumers2000-2022175165155145165.91155.93146.41144.25141.7139.55137.22134.79134.21133.51131.7713512511510595129.84126.14124.54121.3

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2022*Decembervalue12Description:InDecember2022,thechainedconsumerpriceindexstoodat165.91,anincreaseofaround10whencomparedwiththepreviousyear.MoreinformationontheconsumerpriceindexandinflationintheUnitedStatescanbefoundhere.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsAnnualchainedinflationrateintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022atyear-endU.S.chainedyearendinflationrate2000-20227.0%6.0%5.0%6.5%6.4%3.7%4.0%3.2%2.9%2.9%3.0%

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2022*Decembervalue13Description:InDecember2022,thechainedconsumerpriceindex(CPI)intheUnitedStatesdecreased0.1percentcomparedtoDecember2021.This12monthpercentchangeisastrongindicatorofthenation'scurrentinflation.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMonthlychainedConsumerPriceIndex(C-CPI-U)ofallurbanconsumersintheUnitedStatesfromSeptember2021toSeptember2023U.S.monthlychainedCPIofallurbanconsumers2021-2023175171.96171.58170.82170.56170.02169.61170165160168.78168.25167.3166.51166.41166.02165.85165.39165.55165.5163.62161.79160.84158.62157.18155.93155.54154.88155

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'2314Description:InSeptember2023,themonthlychainedconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofallurbanconsumersintheUnitedStatesincreasedto171.96.ThedatarepresentsU.S.cityaverages.ThebaseperiodwasJanuary1999=100.ThechainweightedCPIincorporatestheaveragechangesinthequantityofgoodspurchased,alongwithstandardpricingeffects.ThisallowsthechainweightedCPItoreflectsituationswherecustomersshifttheweightoftheirpurchasesfromoneareaofspendingto[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2021toAugust2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMonthlychangeinthechainedinflationrateintheUnitedStatesfromSeptember2022toSeptember2023U.S.monthlychangeinchainedinflation2022-20231.0%0.8%0.8%0.6%0.4%0.2%0.0%-0.2%-0.4%0.6%0.5%0.4%0.4%0.3%0.3%0.3%0.2%0.2%0.2%-0.1%-0.2%Sep'22Oct'22Nov'22Dec'22Jan'23Feb'23Mar'23Apr'23May'23Jun'23Jul'23Aug'23Sep'2315Description:InSeptember2023,thechainedconsumerpriceindexforallurbanconsumers(C-CPI-U)intheUnitedStatesincreasedby0.2percentfromtheprecedingmonth.ThedatarepresentsU.S.cityaverages.ThebaseperiodwasJanuary1999=100.ThechainweightedCPIincorporatestheaveragechangesinthequantityofgoodspurchased,alongwithstandardpricingeffects.ThisallowsthechainweightedCPItoreflectsituationswherecustomersshifttheweightoftheirpurchasesfromone[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2022toSeptember2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCHAPTER

03ProducerPriceIndexProducerPriceIndex(PPI)forcommoditiesintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2022U.S.ProducerPriceIndexforcommodities1990-2022300250200150100500'90

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'22*17Description:In2022,thePPIstoodat264.52,asizableincreaseonthepreviousyear.TheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)programmeasurestheaveragechangeovertimeinthesellingpricesreceivedbydomesticproducersfortheiroutput.ThepricesincludedinthePPIarefromthefirstcommercialtransactionformanyproductsandsomeservices.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022;*PreliminaryData.ReadmoreSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsAnnualchangesoftheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)forcommoditiesintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2022U.S.ProducerPriceIndexannualchange1990-202220%15%17%16.3%9.8%8.8%6.8%10%7.3%6.2%5.3%5.7%4.8%4.6%4.4%4.4%3.7%3.6%2.4%5%0%1.5%1.3%1.1%-2.3%0.9%0.9%0.6%0.6%0.6%0.2%-0.1%-2.5%-1.1%-2.7%-2.6%-5%-7.3%-8.8%-10%-15%'90

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'22*18Description:In2022,theannualchangeofthePPIamountedto16.3percent.ThePPIforcommoditiesstoodat264.52in2022.TheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)programmeasurestheaveragechangeovertimeinthesellingpricesreceivedbydomesticproducersfortheiroutput.ThepricesincludedinthePPIarefromthefirstcommercialtransactionformanyproductsandsomeservices.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMonthlyProducerPriceIndex(PPI)forfinishedgoodsintheUnitedStatesfromSeptember2021toSeptember2023(seasonallyadjusted)U.S.monthlyProducerPriceIndexforfinishedgoods2021-2023265259.75260255250245240235230225220257.8256.94255.81256.73253.37254.94254.55250.45250.62254.05253.71252.91248.66252.19252.2251.15251.3246.51241.63235.76231.92232.05230.09226.96Sep

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Sep19Description:InSeptember2023,thePPIforfinishedgoodsintheUnitedStatesstoodat252.2.Finishedgoodsarecommoditiesthatwillnotundergofurtherprocessingandarereadyforsaletothefinal-demanduser,eitheranindividualconsumerorbusinessfirm.TheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)programmeasurestheaveragechangeovertimeinthesellingpricesreceivedbydomesticproducersfortheiroutput.ThepricesincludedinthePPIarefromthefirstcommercialtransactionformanyproducts[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2021toSeptember2023;*Preliminary.Preliminarydataaresubjecttochange.Figureshavebeenrounded.

ReadmoreSource(s):BureauofLaborStatistics12-monthpercentchangesintheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)forfinishedgoodsintheUnitedStatesfromSeptember2022toSeptember2023U.S.ProducerPriceIndexforfinishedgoods12-monthchanges2022-202314%11.5%12%10%8%11.2%10.6%9%8.7%6.4%6%4%3.2%2.6%2.5%2.2%2%0%-0.9%-1.1%Jul'23-2%-4%-3.1%Jun'23Sep'22Oct'22Nov'22Dec'22Jan'23Feb'23Mar'23Apr'23May'23Aug'23Sep'2320Description:InSeptember2023,thePPIforfinishedgoodsincreasedby2.5percentcomparedtothesamemonthinthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;September2022toSeptember2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCHAPTER

04InternationalcomparisonThe20countrieswiththelowestinflationratein2022(comparedtothepreviousyear)Countrieswiththelowestinflationrate2022Inflationratecomparedtopreviousyear1.0%

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2.0%0.0%MacaoSAR0.5%2.5%3.0%3.5%1.05%BeninBolivia1.5%1.75%China1.88%1.88%HongKongSARSaudiArabiaJapan2.47%2.5%2.57%2.6%2.65%2.73%2.74%2.81%NauruMaldivesGrenadaSeychellesSt.KittsandNevisOman22Description:Thestatisticliststhe20countrieswiththelowestinflationratein2022.In2022,Beninranked2ndwithainflationrateofabout1.5percentcomparedtothepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):IMFThe20countrieswiththehighestinflationratein2022(comparedtothepreviousyear)Countrieswiththehighestinflationrate2022InflationratecomparedtopreviousyearEstimatefor2023

2022150%

200%0%50%100%250%300%350%400%450%399.98%VenezuelaZimbabweSudan200.91%193.4%172.17%71.63%138.81%98.59%Argentina72.43%72.31%50.58%Türkiye42.74%SurinameIslamicRepublicofIranSriLanka52.45%42.5%48.96%28.51%46.36%31.43%33.94%EthiopiaGhanaYemenMoldova45.44%31.89%16.81%29.07%13.82%28.57%23Description:Attheendof2022,Venezuelahadthehighestinflationrateintheworld,at200.91percentchangecomparedtothepreviousyear.ThisistheninthconsecutiveyearwhereinflationinVenezuelawasthehighestintheworld,althoughitismuchlowerthanits2018figureof65,374percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;April2023Source(s):IMFMonthlyinflationratesindevelopedandemergingcountriesfromJanuary2021toSeptember2023(comparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear)Monthlyinflationratesindevelopedandemergingcountries2021-2023UnitedStatesChinaJapanGermanyEuroZoneFranceUnitedKingdomBrazilRussiaIndiaItaly20%15%10%5%0%-5%Jan

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'2324Description:Ofthemajordevelopedandemergingeconomies,ChinahadaninflationrateofonlyzeropercentinSeptember2023,riskingtofallintodeflation.Ontheotherendofthespectrum,theinflationrateinIndiastoodat6.9percentinthepreviousmonth.Russia'sinflationrateincreasedsharplyafterthecountry'sPresident,VladimirPutin,decidedtoinvadeUkraineandremainedhighsince,butstoodatsixpercentinSeptember2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2021toSeptember2023Source(s):BrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatistics;BureauofLaborStatistics;Eurostat;Insee;Istat;LabourBureauIndia;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK);RussianFederalStateStatisticsService;StatisticsBureauof[...]CHAPTER

05ForecastProjectedConsumerPriceIndexintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2028U.S.projectedConsumerPriceIndex2010-2028400339.3935030025020015010050332.44325.89319.51312.92305.84292.61270.97258.84255.65251.1245.12240.01236.72

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2028*26Description:In2022,theU.S.ConsumerPriceIndexwas292.61,andisprojectedtoincreaseto339.39by2028.Thebaseperiodwas1982-84.ThemonthlyCPIforallurbanconsumersintheU.S.canbeaccessedhere.Afteratimeofhighinflation,theU.S.inflationrateisprojectedfalltotwopercentby2027.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2022;*Projected.DatarepresentU.S.cityaverages.Thebaseperiodwas1982-84=100.Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)measureschangesinthepricelevelofconsumergoodsandservicespurchasedbyhouseholds.[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IMFProjectedannualinflationrateintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2028ProjectedannualinflationrateintheUnitedStates2010-20289%8%8%7%6%4.69%5%4.5%4%3.14%20113%2.44%20