高考英语二轮语法精讲精练-形容词和副词

高考英语二轮语法词汇复习系列第四章形容词和副词形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。高考重点要求：1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别第一节知识点概述一、形容词形容词在句子中的作用1．大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语,如：abeautifulpark一座美丽的公园TheplayTea-house（茶馆）isbothmovingandinteresting.Wholeftthewindowopen?2．“定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“……的一种人”，“……的一类东西或事情”。如：Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.（新事物将代替旧事物。）Theyoungarefondofsports.(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)3．有些形容词只能作表语如：ill,glad,asleep,afraid,alive(活着的)，alone(单独的)４．某些动词加-ed和–ing都可构成形容词，加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物，如：Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.５．有些名词加后缀可变成形容词，如：lovely,friendly,windy,careful,careless,wooden等形容词在句子中的位置1．形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词，如：anexcitingAmericanfilm（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。2．在下列情况下，形容词应后置：（1）修饰复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等，如：anythingimportant,nothingeasy（2）同表示数量的词组连用，如：twentyfeetlong,fiveyearsold3．几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：afineroundmaple（枫木）writingtable,afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse二、副词副词在句子中的作用副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly构成，如：careful-carefully.副词主要被分为以下几种：1．时间副词，如：often，early，usually，now2．地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there3．方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well4．程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5．疑问副词，如：how，when，why副词在句子中的位置时间副词和地点副词的位置表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。如：bewellenough,gofastenough修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：singwell修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：studyEnglishhard，seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.４.形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法：两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。Heisastallashismonitor.两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“notso/as+形容词原级+as”句型。Atraindoesn’ttravelsofastasaplane.三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最……”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.the+比较级，the+比较级“越……越……”Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.第二节实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1.形容词一般按限定词，一般性描绘、大小、长短和高低、形状、年龄和新旧、颜色、国籍、地区和出处、物质和材料、用途和类别这一顺序来修饰名词的。2.在名词前出现几个形容词作定语时，常常涉及词的排列顺序问题。例如：afatoldlady不能说成anoldfatlady，asmallblackleatherhandbag不能说成aleatherblacksmallhandbag等。3.形容词的词序问题比较复杂，前置形容词的排列顺序由它们和被修饰名词之间的关系决定，关系密切的靠近被修饰词，关系较远的离之稍远。4.在as+形容词／副词+as的结构前可加上nearly,almost,just,quietly,half,exactly,及倍数表示比较的程度。例如：Myincomeishalfashighasmyfather.5.最高级前可用nearly,almost,about,next,byfar,bynomeans或序数词进行修饰。例如：Ofthethreeboys,Mikeisbynomeansthemostdiligent.

6.比较级的其他用法

1）比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”。例如：

Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.

2）themore…themore…“越……，越……”。例如：

Themorefruityoueat,thehealthieryouwillbe.

3）nomorethan“只不过，仅仅”，后面接名词或数词，起形容词作用。例如：

Whatheissayingisnomorethanajoke.他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。

4）nomore…than…“和……同样不……”。例如：

HecannomoreplaythepianothanIcanplaybasketball.他不会弹钢琴和我同样不会打篮球一样5）nolessthan“多达，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如：

Therewerenolessthantwothousandpeopleatthematch.这场比赛不下于两千人到场观看。

6）noless…than“和……一样，不逊于”。例如：

Ourmonitorisnolessdiligentthanheusedtobe.我们的班长和以前一样勤奋。二、历届高考试题分析例1、Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais____GreatBritain.A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof答案为D。【解析】检查考生对反意疑问句（附加疑问句）的掌握和运用能力。A是B的三倍通常可使用以下几种形式：1)Aisthreetimesasadj.（原级）asB2)Aistwiceadj.（比较级）thanB3)Then.ofAisthreetimesthatofB4)Aisthreetimesthe+n.ofB。例2、Manystudentssignedupforthe_________raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800metrelongB.800metreslongC.800metrelengthD.800metreslength答案为A。【解析】长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后，在前边时要注意加连字符“-”，其中单位名词用单数，其形式为：数字—单位名称单数—长、宽、高等。如放在后边，不用连字符，数词大于1要用复数。从题干看：800米远的比赛应为800meterlong例3、Attimes,worryingisanormal____responsetoadifficulteventorsituation----alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A.effective B.individual C.inevitableD.unfavorable答案：C【解析】effective有效的；individual个人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。例4、You'restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove________?A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar答案为B。【解析】toonear的意思是“太近了”，说话人的意图是让对方站在比这远一点，所以要用副词的比较级。这句话的意思是：你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗?abitof后接名词。例5、Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,________.A.ourholidaywillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybe答案为C。【解析】“themore…themore…”的意思是“越……越……”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对，所以不能作为答案。这句话的意思是：近年来，旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点：我们走得越远，我们的假期过得越好。例6、Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_________itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas答案为D。【解析】在as/so…as…结构中，第一个as/so是副词，后接形容词；第二个as是连接词，后接句子。其正确语序为asmuchanartas.这句话的意思是：人们普遍相信，教学像科学一样是一门艺术。例7、Americanseat_______vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmany答案为D。【解析】不论哪种形式的比较级其修饰词均应放在前面。morethantwice表示数量，放在as…as结构前的意思是“是……的两倍多”。译文：美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。例8、—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.too答案为D。【解析】否定词not/no/never+too/enough结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。这句话的意思是：在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。例9、Broadlyspeaking,IwouldagreewithShirley,thoughnot________A.widelyB.thoroughlyC.entirelyD.extensively答案为C【解析】本题考察副词辨义，widely:广泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly彻底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、广阔地、巨大地。根据句意，说话人并非完全同意她的意见，notentirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表达了这一意思。例10、—Youdon'tlookvery________.Areyouill?—No,I'mjustabittired.A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy答案为B。【解析】从题意看，look在这里是系词(看上去，看起来)后应加形容词，四个选项的词性均符合，但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏；strong则表示结实、强壮，与题意不符。healthy“健康的，健壮的”。well可作形容词和副词。作形容词时表示“健康的；气色好”，用于修饰人。第三节巩固练习Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith_____moneyand______people.A.less…less B.fewer...fewer C.less...fewer D.fewer...less—CanIhelpyou?—Well,I’mafraidtheboxis______heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.much C.very D.too—Excuseme,isthisMr.Brown’soffice?—I’msorry,butMr.Brown______workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.A.notnow B.nomoreC.notstillD.nolongerThepianointheothershopwillbe______,but______.A.cheaper...notasbetterB.morecheap...notasbetterC.cheaper...notasgoodD.morecheap...notasgood______Iwenttotherailwaystationtoseemyfriendoff.A.Aftereatingquicklymydinner B.AftermyquicklyeatingdinnerC.Aftereatingmydinnerquickly D.AftereatingmyquicklydinnerMrs.smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdriving D.neverdrive—Howdidyouthinkofvisittothemuseum?—Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas_____thanIexpected.A.farmoreinteresting B.evenmuchinterestingC.somoreinteresting D.alotmuchinterestingThoseorangestaste_____.A.good B.wellC.tobegood D.tobewellCanadaislargerthan______countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.other D.anotherTheexperimentwas______easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmore C.muchD.moremuchWhichis______country,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largerC.alarger D.thelarger—WillyougivethismessagetoMrWhite,please?—Sorry,Ican’t.He______.A.doesn’tanymoreworkhereB.doesn’tanylongerhereworkC.doesn’tworkanymorehere D.doesn’tworkhereanylongerJohnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes______.A.openB.tobeopened C.toopen D.openingMyelderbrotheris______asinger______Iam.A.noother…than B.nomore…than C.notother…than D.notmore…thanSunlightis______necessary______freshairtoahealthybody.A.notless…than B.noless…than C.nomore…than D.notmore…thanShedoesn’tspeak_____herfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswellasB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodasIttakesalongtimetogotherebytrain,it’s_____byroad.A.quick B.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker—Mum,IthinkI’m_____togetbacktoschool.—Notreally,Mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowell B.sogoodC.wellenough D.goodenough—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.—OK,butdoyouhave______sizeinblue?Thisone’sabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebiggerJohnplaysfootball______,ifnotbetterthanDavid.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowell D.sowellasIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertimeWeallwrite______,evenwhenthere’snotmuchtosay.A.nowandthen B.byandbyC.stepbystep D.moreorless—Doyouremember_____hecame?—YesIdo,hecamebycar.A.how B.whenC.then D.if24.Canyoubelievethatin_____arichcountrythereshouldbe_____manypoorpeople?A.such...such B.such...soC.so...so D.so...such—HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?—Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe______daysattheseaside.A.fewfastsunny B.lastfewsunny C.lastsunnyfew D.fewsunnylastIfweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_____greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverHowbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard_____.Athebettervoice B.agoodvoice C.thebestvoice D.abettervoiceWedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining______.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyWaittillyouaremore______.It’sbettertobesurethansorry.A.inspired B.satisfied C.clam D.certainIfIhad_____,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingstories.A.alongenoughholiday B.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlong D.alongholidayenoughProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis_____knownforhisplays.A.thebest B.more C.better D.themost_____totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.EnoughbravestudentsC.Studentsbraveenough D.StudentsenoughbraveIt’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_____ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basically D.especiallyManypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood,however,thefoodbankneeds______forthepoor.A.more B.much C.many D.mostIamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)______trick.A.ordinary B.easyC.smart D.simpleAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedItwasn’t______hisappearanceIliked______hispersonality.A.somuch…as B.noless…than C.somuch…as D.nomore…thanIt’sbelievedthat______youwork,______resultyou’llget.A.theharder...thebetterB.themorehard...themorebetterC.theharder...abetterD.morehard...morebetterOfthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoose_______one.A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.moreexpensiveWedon’tcareifahuntingd