高中一轮复习英语北师大版讲义必修四Unit12CultureShock

[一积词汇见多识广][课内单词回扣](一)阅读词汇写其义1．wandervi.漫游，闲逛 2.tastyadj.美味的3．foggyadj.多雾的_ 4.physiciann．内科医生5．indicatevt.表明；表示_ 6.vastadj.巨大的，广阔的7．exportvt.出口，输出 8.literaturen．文学9．unfairadj.不公平的 10.forgivevt.宽恕，饶恕(二)表达词汇写其形1．owevt.欠(情、债等) 2.absorbvt.理解；掌握；吸收3．exchangevt.兑换，交换 4.mannersn．礼貌5．requestn．请求 6.attach_vt.喜欢，依恋；系7．anyhowadv.总之，反正 8.whisper_vi.低语，耳语9．parceln．邮包，包裹 10.handkerchiefn．手帕，纸巾(三)拓展词汇灵活用*1.additionn．相加；增加物→additionaladj.补充的，额外的，附加的2.apologyn．道歉，认错→apologizev．道歉，谢罪3.expectationn．期待的事物；预期→expectvt.期待，预料；指望→expectedadj.预期的，预料的4.majorityn．大半，大多数→majoradj.主要的vi.主修*5.reasonableadj.合理的，正当的→reasonn．理由v.推论；劝说；理解→reasonablyadv.合理地；相当地*6.movementn．动作；活动→movev．移动；感动→movableadj.可移动的→movingadj.令人感动的→movedadj.感动的*7.curiouslyadv.好奇地；奇怪地→curiousadj.好奇的→curiosityn．好奇心8.cautiousadj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的→cautionn．小心，谨慎*9.injurevt.伤害→injuryn．伤害，损害→injuredadj.受伤的*10.educatorn．教育者→educationn．教育→educatedadj.有教养的→educatevt.教育用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空1．Hisgenerousdonationfilledourneedforadditionalfunds,andinaddition,_itencouragedmoreandmorepeopletogiveahand.2．Hisexplanationwasnotreasonable,_soallofusdidn'taccepthisreasonforbeingabsence.Heshouldapologizetousreasonably.3．Theboyiscuriouslywatchingwhattheoldmanisdoinginthegardenandheisalwayscuriousabouttheworldoutsideandshowsgreatcuriosityaboutwhatisgoingoninnature.4．Thecouplemovedintothemovablehouseandtheyfeltmuchmovedtoseethemovingmovieaftermovingintothenewhouse.5．Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.Thedoctorsaidtwooftheinjuredhadseriousinjuries.6．Twothousandstudentswereeducatedbythefamouseducator,_manyofwhomreceivedfurthereducationlater.[话题单词积累]1．represent/reprɪ'zent/v． 代表2．traditional/trə'dɪʃənl/adj. 传统的3．share/ʃeə(r)/vt. 分享4．attractive/ə'træktɪv/adj. 有吸引力的5．valuable/'væljuəbl/adj. 有价值的6．preference/'prefrəns/n. 偏爱7．misunderstand/ˌmɪsʌndə'stænd/v．误解8．touch/tʌtʃ/v. 触摸9．bow/baʊ/v. 鞠躬10．appearance/ə'pɪərəns/n. 仪表11．custom/'kʌstəm/n. 风俗12．conversation/ˌkɒnvə'seɪʃn/n. 谈话，交谈13．behave/bɪ'heɪv/vt. 守规矩，行为14．behavior/bɪ'heɪvjə/n. 行为，举止15．respond/rɪ'spɒnd/vi. 回答，回应， 作出反应16．awkward/'ɔːkwəd/adj. 令人尴尬的， 难应付的17．impolite/ˌɪmpə'laɪt/adj. 不礼貌的18．social/'səʊʃl/adj. 社会的， 社交的19．punctual/'pʌŋktʃuəl/adj. 准时的20．heritage/'herɪtɪdʒ/n. 遗产21．symbol/'sɪmbl/n. 象征22．gesture/'dʒestʃə(r)/n. 仪态23．occasion/ə'keɪʒn/n. 场合24．extraordinary/ɪk'strɔːdnri/adj. 非凡的25．vivid/'vɪvɪd/adj. 生动的26．casual/'kæʒuəl/adj. 随意的27．abstract/'æbstrækt/adj. 抽象的；深奥的28．rank/ræŋk/n. 职衔，军衔29．status/'steɪtəs/n. 地位，身份30．title/'taɪtl/n. 头衔31．celebration/ˌselɪ'breɪʃn/n. 庆祝；庆祝会32．feast/fiːst/n. 盛宴，宴会33．unique/ju'niːk/adj. 独特的34．decorate/'dekəreɪt/vt. 装饰，修饰35．reflect/rɪ'flekt/v. 反映[二积短语顿挫抑扬][课内短语回扣](一)根据汉语写出下列短语*1.get_used_to习惯于 *2.see_...off_给(某人)送行3.belong_to属于 *4.give_..._a_lift_给……搭车，搭便车5.insist_on坚持，坚决要求 6.stare_at盯着看；凝视7.be_attached_to附属于 8.in_poor_condition状况不好9.at_least至少 *10.contrary_to与……相反*11.be_sensitive_to对……敏感 *12.put/bring_an_end_to结束(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子1．Itwaslateatnight,andtherewasnobus.Fortunately,amandrivingacargavemea_lift.2．Don'tworry—you'llsoonget_used_tohissenseofhumour.3．Contrary_tomyexpectation,hewonthespeechpetition.4．Healsosaidthattheyweredeterminedtoput/bring_an_end_toterrorism.5．Thismorningweallwenttotheairporttoseemymotheroff.6．Herreactionshowedthatshewas_sensitive_towhathesaidjustnow.[话题短语积累]1．haveagoodmandof 精通2．beproudof 以……为荣3．contributeto 有助于4．takeinterestin 对……感兴趣5．followacustom 遵循习俗6．eyecontact 眼神交流7．afacialexpression 面部表情8．facetoface 面对面9．behavewell/badly 举止良好/不好10．removeprejudiceandmisunderstanding 消除偏见和误解11．culturalexchange 文化交流12．culturalbackground 文化背景13．cross­culturalmunication 跨文化交流14．multiculturalsociety 多元文化社会15．culturaldiversity 文化差异[三积句式写作扮靓][课内句式仿写]1．特殊疑问词＋不定式[例句]Decidewheretogoonholidaywithafriend.[仿写]选择吃什么已经不像以前那么简单了。Choosingwhat_to_eatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.2．haveadifficulttime(in)doingsth.[例句]WhenIfirstarrivedinSanFrancisco,IhadadifficulttimeunderstandingcertainaspectsoftheAmericanwayofdoingthings.[仿写]如果你变得富有了，你会很难了解谁是你真正的朋友。Ifyoubeerich,youwillhave_a_difficult_time_knowing_who_your_real_friends_are.3．thelasttime用作连词引导时间状语从句[例句]IhadasimilarexperiencethelasttimeIvisitedChina.[仿写]我记得你上一次参观我们学校的时候给我看了一些关于那个主题的照片。(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethe_last_time_you_visited_our_school.[话题佳句背诵]1．Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsorsocialcontact.文化冲击是由于我们失去所熟悉的迹象、标志或社会交往而产生的焦虑造成的。2．Manytraditionalvaluesareofpermanentsignificanceandshouldbeobservedinthemodernandpostmoderneras.许多传统的价值观具有永恒的意义，在现代与后现代都应加以恪守。3．Manypeoplethinkthatlearningthetraditionalcultureisnotnecessary,whichiswrong.很多人认为学习传统文化是没必要的，这是错误的。4．Alackofawarenessofculturaldiversityorlocalcustomscancreateproblems,causingtrouble.不注意文化差异或当地习俗可能会产生问题，造成麻烦。[四背语段语感流畅]Asweallknow,everyculturehasitsownbodylanguage.Takegreetingsforexample,theFrenchareopen­minded;theyshakehandsandkisseachotheroneachcheekwhentheymeetpeopletheyknow.MenfromMiddleEastandotherMuslincountriesoftenstandclosetoothermentotalk,buttheywillnevertouchwomen;theyjustnodatwomen.Ingeneral,peopleallovertheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,buttheJapaneseprefertobow.Noneoftheseactionsiseithergoodorbad.However,studyingitwillhelpreducemisunderstandingbetweenpeopleandavoidthedifficultiesinmunication.众所周知，每一种文化都有自己的身势语。以问候为例，法国人思想开放，当他们遇到认识的人时，他们会握手并相互亲吻面颊。来自中东和穆斯林国家的男人经常站得离其他的男人很近谈话，但他们从不接触女性，他们只是对女性点头。一般说来，来自全世界的人们现在都通过握手来相互问候，但是日本人更喜欢鞠躬。这些行为中没有好或者是坏。但是研究这些行为有助于减少人们之间的误会和避免交流困难。[第一板块重点词汇突破][师生共研词汇]1．owevt.欠(情、债等)；归功于 [教材原句]Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.没有多给你写信我真的非常抱歉。owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb. 欠某人某物owe...to... 把……归功于；归因于owingto 因为；由于oweittosb.that... 多亏了某人①Owing(owe)toyourhelp,Ihavemadegreatprogress.Inotherwords,Iowemyprogresstoyou.由于你的帮助，我取得了很大进步。换句话说，我把我的进步归功于你。②I_owe_it_to_you_thatIfinishedmyworkintime.多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。③Weowetheseachievementstothestrengthofreformandopening­upandtheperseveringspiritoftheChinesenation.我们把这些成就归功于改革开放以及中华民族不屈不挠的精神。2．absorbvt.吸收；理解；使专心；使全神贯注；掌握[教材原句]I'vejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme—IthinkI'mstillexperiencingcultureshock.我一直忙于学习，尽力了解身边的新事物——我觉得自己一直在经历文化冲击。(1)absorbsb.'sattentionto(doing)sth. 吸引某人对(做)某事的注意力(2)beabsorbedby/intosth./sb. 被……吞并；为……所吸收beabsorbedin(doing)sth. 全神贯注于/热衷于……；一心从事……①Absorbed_in_painting,_Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.(2015·天津高考单选)专心于画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。②Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中并开始对大脑起作用。3.requestn．&vt.请求，要求[教材原句]tomakearequesttosomeoneyoudon'tknowverywell向你(们)不大熟悉的人表达请求(1)makearequestfor... 请求，要求……atsb.'srequest＝attherequestofsb. 应某人的要求(2)requestsb.(not)todosth. 请求某人(不)做某事requeststh.from/ofsb. 向某人请求某物request(that)... 请求……Itis/wasrequestedthat... 据要求……①Allclassmembersarerequestedto_attend(attend)theannualmeeting.所有班级成员都被要求出席年会。②What'syouropinionofMrLi'srequestthatweshould_spend(spend)halfanhourreadingEnglishaloudeverymorning?你怎么看李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时英语呢？③Sheboughtthenewputerat_the_request_ofherthreechildren.她应三个孩子的要求购买了新电脑。[名师点津]在与request相关的名词性从句或“Itis/wasrequestedthat...”句型中，从句谓语动词用“should＋do”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。4．familiaradj.熟悉的，常见的[教材原句]JinLifoundtheAmericanwayoflifefamiliarsoonafterherarrivalintheUSA.金丽到达美国后不久，她就发现美国人的生活方式对她来说很熟悉。sb.befamiliarwithsth. 某人对某物很熟悉sth.befamiliartosb.＝sth.beknowntosb. 某物为某人所熟悉①Aftertheforeignguestswere_familiar_withtheChinesetraditionalfestivals,theylikedtoliveinChina.外国客人在熟悉了中国传统节日后，便喜欢在中国生活。②Theyarenotfamiliarwithcharitywork,whichisstillatanearlystageinChina.＝Charitywork,whichisstillatanearlystageinChina,isnotfamiliartothem.他们不太熟悉慈善工作，这项工作在中国还处于初始阶段。5．attachvt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋[教材原句]Atfirst,wedidn'tfeelwebelonghere,butnowweareattachedtothelandweliveon.起初，我们认为自己并不属于这里，但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地紧紧地联系在一起了。(1)attach...to... 把……固定到/附/贴在……上attachimportance/significance/valueto 认为……重要/有意义/有价值attachoneselftosb. 与某人在一起；缠着某人(2)attachedadj. 依恋的；附加的(be)attachedto 附属于；依恋①Manyofusteenagersattach_much_more_importance_toourphonesthantoourfriends.(2014·重庆高考写作)我们很多青少年认为要比朋友重要得多。②Attacharecentphotographtoyourapplicationform.申请表上请贴一张近照。③Thishospitalattached(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.这家附属于附近那所医学院的医院被洪水冲毁了。6．bearvi.&vt.(bore,borne/born)容忍；忍受；承担(责任)；支撑；承受；生育；出生；结(果实)；携带 [教材原句]Ican'tbearthewaythenativeAustralianshavebeentreated.我不能容忍澳大利亚土著人被对待的方式。[一词多义]写出句中bear的含义①Itwouldbeunjustforhimtobearpersonallythegreatexpenses.承担②Thepainwasalmostmorethanhecouldbear.忍受③Theiceistoothintobearyourweight.支撑④Someofthenewplantedappleorchardshavealsobeguntobear.结(果实)⑤Thestressmusthavebeenenormousbutsheboreitwell.承受beartheblame/responsibility 受责备/承担责任can'tbeardoing/todosth. 不能忍受做某事bearsb./sb.'sdoingsth. 忍受某人做某事bearsth.inmind 牢记某事bearinmindthat... 牢记……⑥Icouldn'tbearto_listen/listening(listen)anylonger,soIlefttheroom.我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。⑦Bearing(bear)aheavyburden,shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。⑧Mymotheroftenremindsmetobear/keep_in_mind_thatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.(2014·福建高考书面表达)妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。[自主练通词汇]1．exchangevt.&n.兑换，交换单句语法填空①Iamgoingtotravelabroad,soIgotoexchangesomeRMBfordollarsinthebank.②I'veofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek'sholiday.③Theyexchangeideasandfeelingswitheachother,throughwhichtheyprobablyacquiremoreknowledge.2．majorityn．大半，大多数单句语法填空/单句改错①Onlyaminorityofpeopleinthatcitydon'thaveacarwhilethepeopletakingsubwaytoworkareinthemajority.②IgraduatedfromChongqingNormalUniversityandmajored(majority)ininformationmanagement.③Themajorityofthedamageareeasytorepair.are→is[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．AlthoughthedragonisquitefamiliartomostChinese,nobodyhaseverseenarealone.2．Ayoungmanattachedhimself(he)tomeatthepartyandIcouldn'tgetridofhim.3．Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthemitteemembersare(be)againstit.4．Theoldmanoweshisgoodhealthtohisregularlifestyle.5．Nowonderhiswifeplainsabouthim.Noonecanbearhimstaying(stay)athome,doingnothingdayafterday.6．Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditions(should)_be_improved(improve)further.7．Thiskindofcreamiseasilyabsorbedintoskin,whichisagoodsellerthisyear.8．Iwillmakethebestoftheopportunitytoexchangeideaswiththem.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Werequestthatthesportsmeetingputoffbecauseofbadweather.put前加be2．SinceBeijingisfamiliarwithme,IcanshowvisitorsaroundtheplacesofinterestinBeijing.with→to3．Amajorityofthewaterweuseeverydayaregroundwater.are→is4．Shehasalwaysbeenverymuchattachedonherwork.on→to5．IowetoyouthatImadesuchrapidprogressinmyspokenEnglish.owe后加it6．Absorbinginhiswork，Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.Absorbing→AbsorbedⅢ.单句写作(补全句子)1．我所有的同学都认为背诵英语课文很重要。Allmyclassmatesattach_great_importance_tolearningEnglishtextsbyheart.2．由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。Owing_to_the_bad_weather,_theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.3．校长要求学生不要旷课。Theheadmasterrequested_the_students_not_to_beabsentfromclass.4．从书店借来书之后，他便沉浸在这些书中。Hewas_absorbed_inthebooksafterborrowingthemfromabookshop.5．我对她的脸很熟悉，但我想不起她是谁。Iwas_familiar_with_her_face,_butIcouldn'tquiteplaceher.[第二板块短语、句式突破]1．getusedto习惯于[教材原句]You'regoingtohavetogetusedtobaconandeggswithafewslicesoftoastforbreakfastoverhere,AuntMei!梅姨，你必须得适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐！(1)be/bee/grow/getusedto(doing)sth.＝be/bee/grow/getaccustomedto(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(2)beusedtodosth. 被用来做某事(3)usedtodosth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了)①Theforeignstudentcouldnotgetusedtoeating(eat)thestrangefood.那个外国学生不习惯吃这种奇怪的食物。②putersareusedto_do(do)manythingsforpeoplenow.现在计算机被人们用来做很多事情。③We_used_to_sitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentomygrandpatellastory.我们过去常常每天晚上坐在院子里，听爷爷讲故事。2．see...off给(某人)送行[教材原句]Heinsistedonwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.他坚持陪我走到车站给我送行。seethrough 看透，识破；把……做完seeto 照料；注意；处理seetoitthat... 确保/保证……seeingthat... 因为，由于；鉴于①Wemustseetoitthatalljobsarefinishedbefore5o'clock.我们必须确保所有的工作在5点前完成。②I'msogladyou'veeheretosee_to_this_matterinperson.我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这个问题。③Seeing_thatyou'realreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内。3．bringanendto结束，制止[教材原句]ThearrivalofwhitepeoplegraduallybroughtanendtothetraditionalAboriginalwayoflife.白人的到来逐渐结束了传统土著人的生活方式。etoanend 结束，告终eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(bring...toanend,putanendto...)) 使……结束；终结……attheendof... 在……结束时；最终①Ihopewe'llbringourquarrelto_an_endassoonaspossible.我希望我们尽快结束这场争吵。②Themeetingcame_to_an_endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.会议结束了，他记录了很多要点。4．Decidewhere_to_go_on_holidaywithafriend.定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。句中wheretogoonholiday...为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。(1)wh­疑问词后跟动词不定式构成的短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语，还可以作定语。(注意：why后不能直接跟动词不定式)(2)在“特殊疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式往往与前面的疑问代词之间构成动宾关系，但不定式结构用主动语态。①Itissaidthatwhenandwheretohaveameetinghas_been_decided(decide)．(作主语)据说何时何地举行会议已经确定。②Thereweresomanytoysthathedidn'tknowwhichoneto_choose(choose)．(作宾语)有太多的玩具可供选择以至于他不知道该选哪一个了。③Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishow_to_survive_without_friends.(作表语)也许最艰难的挑战就是没有朋友的话应该怎样生存。5．Ihadasimilarexperiencethe_last_timeIvisitedChina.上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。(1)表示时间的名词词组thelasttime用作连词，引导时间状语从句。名词短语可以充当时间状语从句的连词还有：thefirst/second/thirdtime... 第一/二/三次……themoment/minute/instant... 一……就……every/eachtime 每次，每当nexttime 下次①Every/Each_timeshecametoseeme,shealwaysrodeherelectricbike.每次她来看我，她总是骑着电动车。②The_momenthegotoutoftheairport，thepopstarwassurroundedbyhisfans.这位著名歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。(2)有些副词或介词短语也可以充当时间状语从句的连词。immediately/directly/instantly... 一……就……bythetime... 到……时③Icametoseeyouinstantly(instant)Iheardthenews.我一听到这个消息，马上就来看你了。④By_the_time_I_got_to_the_airport,_theplaneshewasinhadjusttakenoff.当我到达机场时，她乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.用see短语填空(see...off/seethrough/seeto)1．Youwereveryclevertosee_throughhim.Hehaddeceivedtherestofus.2．Willyousee_tothearrangementsforthenextmeeting?3．Iwillgototherailwaystationtoseemybrotherofftomorrow.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(etoanend，attheendof，bringanendto)1．Onlythroughpoliticalsolutioncouldwebring_an_end_totheviolence.2．Allbadthingse_to_an_end,_soyouneedn'tfeeldepressed.3．Thecoldweatheratlastbrokeat_the_end_ofMarch.Ⅲ.句型转换/补全句子1．Assoonastheresultcameout,shetoldus.①Themoment/second/minute/instanttheresultcameout,shetoldus.②Immediately/Directly/Instantlytheresultcameout,shetoldus.2．我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。The_last_timeIsawKate,shewasdoingresearchonwildanimals.3．如何应付上涨的生活成本成了日常谈论的话题。What_to_do_with_the_rising_cost_of_livingbeesadailydiscussiontopic.4．这所寄宿学校的孩子现在习惯了每日早起。Childrenintheboardingschoolnowget_used_to_getting_up_earlyeveryday.eq\a\vs4\al([课堂双线提能]课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接)提能一用课文词汇写高分作文unforgettable，owingto，havedifficultyindoing，givesb.alift，municatewith，exchange1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)①去美国时我有一次难忘的经历。I_had_an_unforgettable_experiencewhenIwenttoAmerica.②由于我英语不好，我不知道如何乘出租车。Owing_tomypoorEnglish,Ihad_difficulty_in_takingataxi.③有一位热心的女士让我搭了个便车。Awarm­heartedwomangave_me_a_lift.④她告诉我如何乘车、如何问路。Shetoldmehow_I_should_take_a_taxi_and_how_I_should_ask_for_ways.⑤我很感激她的帮助，意识到学好英语可以帮助我们跟外国人沟通和交流思想。Ireallyappreciatedherhelpandrealizedit'sofgreathelptolearnEnglishwellanditcanhelpusmunicate_with_foreigners_and_exchange_ideas.2．升级平淡句(1)用thelasttime升级句①I_had_an_unforgettable_experience_the_last_time_I_went_to_America.(2)用“疑问词＋不定式”升级句④She_told_me_how_to_take_a_taxi_and_how_to_ask_for_ways.(3)用which引导的非限制性定语从句升级句⑤I_really_appreciated_her_help_and_realized_it's_of_great_help_to_learn_English_well,_which_can_help_us_municate_with_foreigners_and_exchange_ideas.3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：luckily,besides)IhadanunforgettableexperiencethelasttimeIwenttoAmerica.OwingtomypoorEnglish,Ihaddifficultyintakingataxi.Luckily,awarm­heartedwomangavemealift.Besides,shetoldmehowtotakeataxiandhowtoaskforways.Ireallyappreciatedherhelpandrealizedit'sofgreathelptolearnEnglishwell,whichcanhelpusmunicatewithforeignersandexchangeideas.提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——bedoingsth.when...,when作并列连词]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句IwasenjoyingmydessertandtalkingtomyAmericanfriendJaniceatthetablewhenInoticedpeoplestaringatus.这是一个并列句，IwasenjoyingmydessertandtalkingtomyAmericanfriendJaniceatthetable是第一个分句，Inoticedpeoplestaringatus是第二个分句。我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错路了。真题长难句IwasdrivingdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.(2017·天津高考)这是一个并列句IwasdrivingdowntoLondon是第一个分句，IsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad是第二个分句。“文化影响”是“文化风俗”下的子话题。文化潜移默化地影响着人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。文化能够塑造人，能够培养健全的人格。关于这个话题的语篇在高考中涉及很多，如阅读理解、完形填空，甚至是写作，因此应引起高度重视。一、话题与语篇[考题示例](2016·天津高考)ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.Cathysufferedsometerrible__16__inherearlychildhood.Afteryearsofregulartreatment,she__17__becamehealthy.Twoyearsago,whileCathywaswatchingtheOlympics,adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer.Lastsummer,shewantedto__18__ourlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally__19__it.Theteampractice,__20__，wasaroughstart.Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly__21__herfirstfewweeks.Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedto__22__herfromitall.ButCathywokemeupearlynextmorning,wearingherswimsuit__23__togo!Itoldhersheshouldn'tswimafterawholenight'scoughing,butsherefusedto__24__andinsistedshego.Fromthatdayon,Cathykeptswimminganddidn't__25__asinglepractice.Shehada__26__intentionwithinherselftobethebestshecouldbe.Myten­year­oldwasgrowingandchangingrightbeforemyeyes,intothis__27__humanbeingwithapassionandamission.Thereweremomentsof__28__ofcourse：oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace.ItwasdifficultforCathytoacceptthatshewasn'ta__29__—ever.Butthatdidn'tstopherfromtrying.Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn'texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto__30__herfriendsandpraisetheiracplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach__31__，“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy！”Lookingaround,hecontinued,“Cathyhasinspireduswithher__32__andenthusiasm.__33__skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(财富)onecanholdistheheart.”Itwasthegreatest__34__ofmydaughter'slife.Withallshehadbeen__35__inhertenyears,thiswasthehouroftruetriumph(成功)．16．A.failure B．pressureC．loss D．illness17．A.usually B．finallyC．firstly D．frequently18．A.improve B．trainC．join D．contact19．A.increased B．foundC．created D．made20．A.however B．thereforeC．otherwise D．instead21．A.use B．surviveC．save D．waste22．A.pull B．tellC．hide D．fire23．A.afraid B．nervousC．ready D．free24．A.takeoff B．setoffC．giveup D．showup25．A.attend B．missC．ban D．start26．A.rich B．weakC．firm D．kind27．A.trusted B．determinedC．experienced D．embarrassed28．A.frustration B．delightC．excitement D．surprise29．A.beginner B．learnerC．partner D．winner30．A.cheeron B．petewithC．respondto D．runafter31．A.admitting B．explainingC．announcing D．whispering32．A.humor B．willC．honesty D．wisdom33．A.Although B．SinceC．Once D．Because34．A.discovery B．choiceC．influence D．moment35．A.through B．underC．across D．around[策略指导](一)这样读文1．抓首句、明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏由首句ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.和Cathysuffered...,Twoyearago...可知，本文是一篇记叙文。2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨由文中的关键词“suffered,swimteam,practised”等可知此文是一篇关于遭受疾病困扰的女孩坚持练习游泳的故事。本文的行文脉络如下：(二)这样做题[名师解题]语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十岁的女儿凯西在游泳训练的过程中所表现出的坚强的意志和热情以及给他人带来的鼓舞。16．选D联系下文的关键词“treatment”及“becamehealthy”可知，作者的女儿凯西曾得过严重的疾病(illness)。17．选B联系前文的“Afteryearsofregulartreatment”及后文的“becamehealthy”可知，凯西最终(finally)得以恢复健康。18．选C联系前文的“adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer”可知，凯西想加入(join)我们当地的游泳队。19．选D联系前后文可知，凯西通过刻苦训练，最终加入了游泳队(madeit)。makeit为固定搭配，意为“获得成功”。20．选A由空格前的madeit及后文的aroughstart可知，虽然凯西最终加入了游泳队，但(however)训练却异常艰辛。前后文在语意上是转折关系，故填however。21．选B由空格前的“shecoughedandchoked”可以看出，凯西一开始进行游泳训练遭遇了咳嗽、呛水等一系列困难，前几个星期几乎挺不下去(hardlysurviveherfirstfewweeks)。22．选A一天晚上，作者听到女儿咳嗽得非常厉害，决定让女儿完全放弃这项运动(pullherfromitall)。文中的pullherfromit意为“把她从这项运动中拉(pull)出来”，即让女儿放弃这项运动。23．选C联系空前的“wearingherswimsuit”可知，凯西已经为去参加游泳训练做好了准备(ready)。24．选C联系空前的but，refused及空格后的“insistedshego”可知，当作者因为女儿晚上咳嗽而劝说她放弃游泳的时候，女儿拒绝放弃(giveup)，选择坚持。25．选B联系空前的“keptswimming”可以看出凯西刻苦训练的决心。再结合空后的“asinglepractice”可推知，凯西一次训练也没有落下(miss)。26．选C由该段后文可以看出，凯西心中一直充满坚定的(firm)信念，即使遇到困难也不放弃，不退缩。27．选B联系下文的“shewouldbethelastswimmer”及“Butthatdidn'tstopherfromtrying”可以看出，凯西是一个意志坚定的(determined)人。28．选A联系后文的“oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace”可知，凯西也遭遇过一些令她沮丧的时刻(momentsoffrustration)。29．选D联系前文的“oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace”以及后文“Butthatdidn'tstopherfromtrying.”可以看出，凯西遇到很多挫折，但对于凯西来说，她不愿意接受自己不是赢家(winner)这件事。30．选A由空格后的“praisetheiracplishments”可知，凯西参加颁奖典礼是为了称赞朋友们所取得的成绩。由“andpraise”可知，凯西为朋友们喝彩(cheeron)。31．选C联系空后引用的话可知，总教练在宣布(announce)比赛结果。32．选B联系倒数第三段对于意志坚定的凯西的描述及倒数第二段最后一句话中的“themostvaluableassetonecanholdistheheart”可以看出，凯西用她坚强的意志(will)和对游泳运动的热情鼓舞着她周围的人。33．选A“skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess”(技能和天赋给我们带来巨大的成功)和“themostvaluableassetonecanholdistheheart”(一个人所拥有的最有价值的财富是内心)之间是让步关系，所以选although引导让步状语从句。34．选D联系该段最后一句中的“thiswasthehouroftruetriumph”可知，这是作者女儿生命中最重要的时刻(moment)。35．选A联系空后的“inhertenyears”可知，此处表示“在她经历(through)的十年人生里”。[完形填空系列技法3]利用固定搭配解题英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中不少选项都涉及词语搭配关系。因此，做题时，在分析语境、逻辑、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。常见的搭配形式包括动词习惯搭配、名词习惯搭配、介词习惯搭配、逻辑搭配(过渡词、指示代词等)、语义搭配(辨别同义词、近义词、反义词等)、结构搭配(名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中和其他词的搭配)、固定句式和习惯表达方式以及语境中的词语辨析等。解答此类题目时，考生需要有扎实的词汇功底，否则就可能导致误选。如：19题，前面说她想要参加，所以这里说她刻苦的练习，终于成功了。makeit“成功”，是固定搭配。选D。22题，我想让女儿从游泳队中退出，也就是不想让她参加，pullsb.from/outofsth.“从……退出”，是词语搭配。符合语境。选A。(三)这样积累1．treatmentn．治疗2．intentionn. 目的，意图3．survivev. 幸存4．passionn. 热心，热情5．acplishmentn. 成就，技能6．influencen. 影响7．awardsceremony 颁奖仪式8．inspiresb.withsth. 激发某人的某种情感二、话题与写作[考题示例](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1．栏目介绍；2．稿件内容；3．稿件长度：约400词；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语已为你写好。DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.[写作规范]第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分1．栏目 column2．旨在；瞄准 aim3．机会 opportunity4．涉及 involve5．呈交 submit6．与……共享 share_..._with_...7．大约；上下 or_so8．向……投稿 contribute_to_...第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分1．在我们学校的报纸上有一个叫“外国文化”的栏目。In_the_newspaper_of_our_school_there_is_a_column_called_“Foreign_Cultures”．2．它旨在介绍美国的风俗和高中生的生活。It_aims_to_introduce_American_customs_and_the_life_of_high_school_students.3．我认为对你来说这是一次与我们一起分享你的经历的好机会。I_believe_this_is_a_wonderful_opportunity_for_you_to_share_your_own_experience_with_us.4．你在六月二十八日前交上你的文章是很重要的。(用主语从句)That_you_should_submit_your_article_before_28th,_June_is_important.5．如果你想向我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期之前发给我你的文章。If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_your_article_before_the_deadline.第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分1．用现在分词作后置定语连接练习1、2In_the_newspaper_of_our_school_there_is_a_column_called_“Foreign_Cultures”，_aiming_to_introduce_American_customs_and_the_life_of_high_school_students.2．用it作形式主语提升练习4It_is_important_that_you_should_submit_your_article_before_28th,_June.第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCultures”，aimingtointroduceAmericancustomsandthelifeofhighschoolstudents.Ibelievethisisawonderfulopportunityforyoutoshareyourownexperiencewithus.Thearticlecaninvolvewesternfestivalsandcustoms,suchasIndependenceDay,ThanksgivingDayandChristmas.Youcanalsowriteaboutstudents'dailylife.Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimitedto400wordsorso.Itisimportantthatyoushouldsubmityourarticlebefore28th,June.Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper,pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua[单元检测·高考提能]单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练[语言基础扎根练]Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空1．Theblackfurnishingsprovideaninterestingcontrast(对比)tothewhitewalls.2．Hethoughthismarketingplanwasperfect,butonthecontrary(相反),itwasnotanditfailed.3．Theyreceivedhundredsofrequests(请求)formoreinformation.4．Clientofferstoexchange(交换)hisgoldringforaleatherbag.5．Iamgoingtotaketheparcel(包裹)tothepostofficethisafternoon.6．Maryisattached(依恋)tohermother,soifshegoesabroad,shemayfeelhomesick.7．Weshouldliketoofferourapologies(道歉)forthedelaytoyourflighttoday.8．Wehadaninformal(非正式的)partyatahotel,andpeoplejustfloodedin.9．Therearemorethan42countrieswherethemajority(大多数)ofthepeoplespeakEnglish.10．Manypeoplearenotfamiliar(熟悉)withthetaxationlaws.11．Parentsowetheirchildrenprivacyandrespectfortheirpersonalbelongings(belong)．12．Thehotelheremendedfellfarshortofourexpectations(expect)．13．Wewenttotherestauranttotaste(tasty)theChinesetraditionalfood.14．Yougetaninterestingmealforareasonable(reason)price.15．Inhighschool,Ibecamecurious(curiously)abouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Wemustseetothatallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw.to后加it2．AbsorbinginwatchingTV,hedidnotnoticemeeintotheroom.Absorbing→Absorbed3．Hesoongotusedtoliveinadormitor