2025届新高考英语专题突破复习阅读理解和语法填空课堂练习与分析

2025届新高考英语专题突破复习

阅读理解和语法填空练习与分析DarkSkyParksaroundtheWorldWarrumbungleNationalParkSituatedinthecentralwestslopesofNewSouthWalesisAustralia’sonlydarkskypark,Warrumbungle.TheparkhasservedasadarkskyparksinceJuly2016.Itscrystal-clearnightskiesandhighaltitudemakeitanatural,educational,andastronomicalheritagesiteinthesouthernhalfoftheearth.TouristscanuseAustralia’slargestopticaltelescopewithintheparkboundariestoviewtheauroras(极光)，theMilkyWay,andfaintshootingstars.SarkSarkisaChannelIslandnearthecoastofNormandyundertheprotectionoftheUK.ItwastheWorld’sFirstDarkSkyIslandsetupinJanuary2011.Itshistoricalandculturalblendattractsover40,000touristsannually.Withnomotorvehiclesandpubliclightingontheisland,thereisanexceptionalviewofthedarkskies.ArichMilkyWayisvisibleinthedarknightskiesfromtheshoresoftheisland.PicduMidideBigorrePicduMidideBigorreinFrancewasdesignatedasadarkskyparkinDecember2013makingitthesecondlargestdarkskyparkintheworld.Theparkcovers3.112squarekilometersspreadacrossthePyreneesNationalParkandUNESCO’sWorldHeritagesite,Pyrenees-MontPerdu.Theparkattractsoveronehundredstarwatcherseveryyear.TheObservatoryMidi-Pyrenees,whichwasbuiltin1870,isoneoftheworld’shighestmuseumsataheightof2,877metersabovesealevel.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamonRamonCraterisaunique1,100-square-kilometernaturereservelocatedintheNegevDesertinIsrael.In2017,theRamonCraterbecamethefirstdesignateddarkskyparkintheMiddleEast.Itslocation,roughclimate,andforbiddinglandscapethatarecharacteristicoftheNegevhavelargelydefeatedhistoricalattemptsforhumansettlement,makingitagreatplacetoviewthenightskies.Stargazersusuallycampinthedeserttohaveanuninterruptedviewofthestars,planets,andtheMilkyWay.DarkSkyParksaroundtheWorldWarrumbungleNationalParkSituatedinthecentralwestslopesofNewSouthWalesisAustralia’sonlydarkskypark,Warrumbungle.TheparkhasservedasadarkskyparksinceJuly2016.Itscrystal-clearnightskiesandhighaltitudemakeitanatural,educational,andastronomicalheritagesiteinthesouthernhalfoftheearth.TouristscanuseAustralia’slargestopticaltelescopewithintheparkboundariestoviewtheauroras(极光)，theMilkyWay,andfaintshootingstars.SarkSarkisaChannelIslandnearthecoastofNormandyundertheprotectionoftheUK.ItwastheWorld’sFirstDarkSkyIslandsetupinJanuary2011.Itshistoricalandculturalblendattractsover40,000touristsannually.Withnomotorvehiclesandpubliclightingontheisland,thereisanexceptionalviewofthedarkskies.ArichMilkyWayisvisibleinthedarknightskiesfromtheshoresoftheisland.PicduMidideBigorrePicduMidideBigorreinFrancewasdesignatedasadarkskyparkinDecember2013makingitthesecondlargestdarkskyparkintheworld.Theparkcovers3.112squarekilometersspreadacrossthePyreneesNationalParkandUNESCO’sWorldHeritagesite,Pyrenees-MontPerdu.Theparkattractsoveronehundredstarwatcherseveryyear.TheObservatoryMidi-Pyrenees,whichwasbuiltin1870,isoneoftheworld’shighestmuseumsataheightof2,877metersabovesealevel.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamonRamonCraterisaunique1,100-square-kilometernaturereservelocatedintheNegevDesertinIsrael.In2017,theRamonCraterbecamethefirstdesignateddarkskyparkintheMiddleEast.Itslocation,roughclimate,andforbiddinglandscapethatarecharacteristicoftheNegevhavelargelydefeatedhistoricalattemptsforhumansettlement,makingitagreatplacetoviewthenightskies.Stargazersusuallycampinthedeserttohaveanuninterruptedviewofthestars,planets,andtheMilkyWay.【分析】本文为应用文。主要介绍了世界各地的夜空公园。1.Whichparkservesasaheritagesiteforastronomy?A.Sark.B.PicduMidideBigorre.C.WarrumbungleNationalPark.D.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamon.2.WhatdoweknowaboutSarkfromthepassage?A.Notasinglecarrunsthere.B.ItwasanislandbelongingtoNormandy.C.TheMilkyWaycanonlybeseenthere.D.Visitorsliketostayontheislandingroups.3.WhatmakesitdifficultforhumanstoliveinRamonCrater?A.Highaltitude. B.Thelargearea.C.Geographicalconditions. D.Culturalfeatures.1.Whichparkservesasaheritagesiteforastronomy?A.Sark.B.PicduMidideBigorre.C.WarrumbungleNationalPark.D.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamon.SituatedinthecentralwestslopesofNewSouthWalesisAustralia’sonlydarkskypark,Warrumbungle.TheparkhasservedasadarkskyparksinceJuly2016.Itscrystal-clearnightskiesandhighaltitudemakeitanatural,educational,andastronomicalheritagesiteinthesouthernhalfoftheearth.TouristscanuseAustralia’slargestopticaltelescopewithintheparkboundariestoviewtheauroras(极光)，theMilkyWay,andfaintshootingstars.Castronomy：n.天文学astronomical：adj.天文（学）的，天体的astronomer天文学家2.WhatdoweknowaboutSarkfromthepassage?A.Notasinglecarrunsthere.B.ItwasanislandbelongingtoNormandy.C.TheMilkyWaycanonlybeseenthere.D.Visitorsliketostayontheislandingroups.SarkSarkisaChannelIslandnearthecoastofNormandyundertheprotectionoftheUK.ItwastheWorld’sFirstDarkSkyIslandsetupinJanuary2011.Itshistoricalandculturalblendattractsover40,000touristsannually.Withnomotorvehiclesandpubliclightingontheisland,thereisanexceptionalviewofthedarkskies.ArichMilkyWayisvisibleinthedarknightskiesfromtheshoresoftheisland.vehicle：n.交通工具，车辆；（实现目的的）工具，媒介A3.WhatmakesitdifficultforhumanstoliveinRamonCrater?A.Highaltitude. B.Thelargearea.C.Geographicalconditions. D.Culturalfeatures.RamonCrater/MakhteshRamonRamonCraterisaunique1,100-square-kilometernaturereservelocatedintheNegevDesertinIsrael.In2017,theRamonCraterbecamethefirstdesignateddarkskyparkintheMiddleEast.Itslocation,roughclimate,andforbiddinglandscapethatarecharacteristicoftheNegevhavelargelydefeatedhistoricalattemptsforhumansettlement,makingitagreatplacetoviewthenightskies.Stargazersusuallycampinthedeserttohaveanuninterruptedviewofthestars,planets,andtheMilkyWay.“它的地理位置、恶劣的气候和令人生畏的景观在很大程度上击败了人类定居的企图，使它成为观看夜空的绝佳场所。”Cgeographicaladj.地理的，地理学的 WhenwemovedintoourhomeinMaui,Hawaii,16yearsago,onegoodthingaboutthishousewasthehugeavocadotreegrowinginthebackyard. ThistreegavethemostdeliciousavocadosIhaveevertasted.Ilivedontheseavocadoswhennursingmyfirstchild.Freshavocadowastheveryfirstfoodformykids.Thistreewassohugethatitcastamassiveshadowoverourbackyard.Itwastrulyourmagicaltree. Untiloneday,someonefromtheHealthDepartmentcametotellusthatouravocadotreewastoolargeandneededtrimming.InNewYork,yougetintroubleifyoudon’tclearthesnowoffyoursidewalk.Here,it’swhenyourtreesaretoohigh.Soalongcamethetrimmer,leavingjustthetrunkandafewbranches.Iwassad.Thekidswereallsad.Somefriendswhoknewitwouldsay,“It’sgoingtogrowback.Yournextavocadoswillbecrazy!”Yeah,whatever.Thetreeisgone,sostopdoingthat.Itjustdidn’twork. Butafewdayslater,Inoticedsomeunusualbutterfliesflyingaroundtheyard.Andthen,thesuncameinthekitchen,creatingthispleasantwarmthonceblockedbythehugetree.Afteraboutamonth,Istartedtonoticesometinygreenshootscomingoutofthecutbranches,whicheventuallyturnedintofull-onbrightgreenleaves. Istartedtofeellikeallwasgoingtobefine,kindoflikelife.Littledoweknowwhatseemsreallydifficultisactuallylife’swayofmakingusstronger.It’slife’swayofbringinginthebutterflies,thesunshine,andthedelightfulflowers.Weallknowthatsaying,“ItwillbeOKintheend.Ifit’snot,it’snottheend.” WhenwemovedintoourhomeinMaui,Hawaii,16yearsago,onegoodthingaboutthishousewasthehugeavocadotreegrowinginthebackyard. ThistreegavethemostdeliciousavocadosIhaveevertasted.Ilivedontheseavocadoswhennursingmyfirstchild.Freshavocadowastheveryfirstfoodformykids.Thistreewassohugethatitcastamassiveshadowoverourbackyard.Itwastrulyourmagicaltree. Untiloneday,someonefromtheHealthDepartmentcametotellusthatouravocadotreewastoolargeandneededtrimming.InNewYork,yougetintroubleifyoudon’tclearthesnowoffyoursidewalk.Here,it’swhenyourtreesaretoohigh.Soalongcamethetrimmer,leavingjustthetrunkandafewbranches.Iwassad.Thekidswereallsad.Somefriendswhoknewitwouldsay,“It’sgoingtogrowback.Yournextavocadoswillbecrazy!”Yeah,whatever.Thetreeisgone,sostopdoingthat.Itjustdidn’twork. Butafewdayslater,Inoticedsomeunusualbutterfliesflyingaroundtheyard.Andthen,thesuncameinthekitchen,creatingthispleasantwarmthonceblockedbythehugetree.Afteraboutamonth,Istartedtonoticesometinygreenshootscomingoutofthecutbranches,whicheventuallyturnedintofull-onbrightgreenleaves. Istartedtofeellikeallwasgoingtobefine,kindoflikelife.Littledoweknowwhatseemsreallydifficultisactuallylife’swayofmakingusstronger.It’slife’swayofbringinginthebutterflies,thesunshine,andthedelightfulflowers.Weallknowthatsaying,“ItwillbeOKintheend.Ifit’snot,it’snottheend.”【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者夏威夷的家中后院里长着一颗巨大的牛油果树，这棵树给作者一家带来了快乐。直到某天卫生部门的人要求作者修剪了这棵树，作者非常伤心，但是大约一个月后，那棵牛油果树又充满了生机。作者因此感悟到看似困难的事情其实是生活让我们更坚强的方式。4.Whatismainlyconveyedinparagraph2abouttheavocadotree?A.Herkids’loveforit. B.Itsfruit’sgoodtaste.C.Herexpectationofit. D.Itsbenefitsforherfamily.5.Whydidtheauthor’sfriendssaythewordsinparagraph3?A.Tolaughather. B.Tocheerherup.C.Toshowtheirregret. D.Toexpresstheirexcitement.6.Whathappenedtotheavocadotreeintheend?A.Ithadnobranches. B.Itblockedthesunshine.C.Itwasfulloflifeagain. D.Itboremoreavocados.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Youharvestwhatyousow. B.LuckandMisfortunecomesinturn.C.Successwon’tcomeunlessyougotoit. D.Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveadream.4.Whatismainlyconveyedinparagraph2abouttheavocadotree?A.Herkids’loveforit. B.Itsfruit’sgoodtaste.C.Herexpectationofit. D.Itsbenefitsforherfamily. ThistreegavethemostdeliciousavocadosIhaveevertasted.Ilivedontheseavocadoswhennursingmyfirstchild.Freshavocadowastheveryfirstfoodformykids.Thistreewassohugethatitcastamassiveshadowoverourbackyard.Itwastrulyourmagicaltree.(这棵树结出了我吃过的最美味的牛油果。我喂养第一个孩子的时候就靠这些牛油果生活。新鲜的牛油果是我孩子们的第一个食物。这棵树太大了，在我们的后院投下了巨大的影子。这真的是我们的魔法树)”benefit：n.好处，益处；救济金v.对（某人）有用，使受益；beneficialadj.有益的，有利的expectation：n.期待，预期；期望expectv.期待；预期expectable能预期的；意料中的D5.Whydidtheauthor’sfriendssaythewordsinparagraph3?A.Tolaughather. B.Tocheerherup.C.Toshowtheirregret. D.Toexpresstheirexcitement.Untiloneday,someonefromtheHealthDepartmentcametotellusthatouravocadotreewastoolargeandneededtrimming.InNewYork,yougetintroubleifyoudon’tclearthesnowoffyoursidewalk.Here,it’swhenyourtreesaretoohigh.Soalongcamethetrimmer,leavingjustthetrunkandafewbranches.Iwassad.Thekidswereallsad.Somefriendswhoknewitwouldsay,“It’sgoingtogrowback.Yournextavocadoswillbecrazy!”Yeah,whatever.Thetreeisgone,sostopdoingthat.Itjustdidn’twork.一些知道它的朋友会说：“它会重新长出来的。你的下一个牛油果会长得很好的！”)”可知，作者的朋友说这些话是为了让作者高兴。cheerup：使高兴起来；振作起来regret：v.懊悔，惋惜；n.遗憾，惋惜B6.Whathappenedtotheavocadotreeintheend?A.Ithadnobranches. B.Itblockedthesunshine.C.Itwasfulloflifeagain. D.Itboremoreavocados.Butafewdayslater,Inoticedsomeunusualbutterfliesflyingaroundtheyard.Andthen,thesuncameinthekitchen,creatingthispleasantwarmthonceblockedbythehugetree.Afteraboutamonth,Istartedtonoticesometinygreenshootscomingoutofthecutbranches,whicheventuallyturnedintofull-onbrightgreenleaves.(大约一个月后，我开始注意到一些绿色的小芽从剪下来的树枝上冒出来，最后变成了明亮的绿叶)可知，那棵牛油果树最后又充满了生机。eventuallyadv.最终，结果=ultimately；intheend；atlastbore：（bear的过去式）：（树，植物）结（果实），长出（花）；C7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Youharvestwhatyousow. B.LuckandMisfortunecomesinturn.C.Successwon’tcomeunlessyougotoit. D.Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveadream.Istartedtofeellikeallwasgoingtobefine,kindoflikelife.Littledoweknowwhatseemsreallydifficultisactuallylife’swayofmakingusstronger.It’slife’swayofbringinginthebutterflies,thesunshine,andthedelightfulflowers.Weallknowthatsaying,“ItwillbeOKintheend.Ifit’snot,it’snottheend.”(我开始觉得一切都会好起来的，有点像生活。我们不知道，看似困难的事情其实是生活让我们更坚强的方式。这是生活带来蝴蝶、阳光和令人愉快的花朵的方式。我们都知道这句话：“一切都会好起来的。如果不是，那就不是结局。”)作者通过自家牛油果树被砍，后来又长出来，充满生机的故事，告诉我们，世事无常，有时候看似不幸的事其实是幸运的事，所以B项“祸兮福之所倚福兮祸之所伏”convey：v.传送，运输；表达，传递；BWhatdoesmusicmeantoyou?Doyouuseittohelprelievestress,anxietyandfallasleepto?Formany,thevalueofmusicisendless,andscientistsandNobelwinnersarenoexception.Fromseeingproblemsinanewwaytodevelopingdiscipline(自律),expressingcreativitytoworkingasateam,musichashelpedmanywinnersinbothworkandlife. MusichasoftenhelpedNobelwinnersthinkandprocessscientificinformationinanewway.AlbertEinsteinwasinfluencedbyhismotherwhotaughthimtoplaytheviolinataveryearlyage.HewasespeciallyfondofMozart,BachandSchubert.ForEinstein,musicworkedasabrainstormingtechniquetohelphimreflectonhistheoriesandsolvedifficultieshemetwith.Einstein’sscientificideaswereoftenfirstlycreatedintheshapeofimagesandintuition(直觉),whichmusiclaterhelpedtoturnintomathematics,logic(逻辑)andwords. Besideshelpingthemreflectonscientificallycomplexproblems,musichashelpedNobelwinnerslearndisciplineandtheimportanceofacreativemind.ForThomasSüdhof’sawardedthe2013NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine,musicgavehimimportantinputsandideas.SüdhofmostlyenjoysclassicalmusicbymasterslikeMozart,whichrequiresacreativemindaswellasgreatdiscipline.ItissaidthatthesetwofactorsshapedSüdhof’sdevelopmentasascientist. Furthermore,thecooperationbetweenthemembersofamusicbandcanbecomparedwiththeteameffortfoundwithinaresearchgroup.AccordingtoMedicinewinnerJamesAllison,itisnecessaryinbothfieldstobuildateamwhereeachindividualmakestheirowncontributiontotheoverallwork.However,itisimportantthatthecommunicationbetweenthemembersworksosmoothlythateachindividualalsoknowswhatneedstobedonetoachievebreakthroughs.AsJamesAllisonstates,“Everynowandthenmylabhasbeenaswelltuned—itfeelslikeareallygoodband”—theconceptofgreatteamworkleadingtogreatsuccesscanbeappliedtobothscienceandmusic.Whatdoesmusicmeantoyou?Doyouuseittohelprelievestress,anxietyandfallasleepto?Formany,thevalueofmusicisendless,andscientistsandNobelwinnersarenoexception.Fromseeingproblemsinanewwaytodevelopingdiscipline(自律),expressingcreativitytoworkingasateam,musichashelpedmanywinnersinbothworkandlife. MusichasoftenhelpedNobelwinnersthinkandprocessscientificinformationinanewway.AlbertEinsteinwasinfluencedbyhismotherwhotaughthimtoplaytheviolinataveryearlyage.HewasespeciallyfondofMozart,BachandSchubert.ForEinstein,musicworkedasabrainstormingtechniquetohelphimreflectonhistheoriesandsolvedifficultieshemetwith.Einstein’sscientificideaswereoftenfirstlycreatedintheshapeofimagesandintuition(直觉),whichmusiclaterhelpedtoturnintomathematics,logic(逻辑)andwords. Besideshelpingthemreflectonscientificallycomplexproblems,musichashelpedNobelwinnerslearndisciplineandtheimportanceofacreativemind.ForThomasSüdhof’sawardedthe2013NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine,musicgavehimimportantinputsandideas.SüdhofmostlyenjoysclassicalmusicbymasterslikeMozart,whichrequiresacreativemindaswellasgreatdiscipline.ItissaidthatthesetwofactorsshapedSüdhof’sdevelopmentasascientist. Furthermore,thecooperationbetweenthemembersofamusicbandcanbecomparedwiththeteameffortfoundwithinaresearchgroup.AccordingtoMedicinewinnerJamesAllison,itisnecessaryinbothfieldstobuildateamwhereeachindividualmakestheirowncontributiontotheoverallwork.However,itisimportantthatthecommunicationbetweenthemembersworksosmoothlythateachindividualalsoknowswhatneedstobedonetoachievebreakthroughs.AsJamesAllisonstates,“Everynowandthenmylabhasbeenaswelltuned—itfeelslikeareallygoodband”—theconceptofgreatteamworkleadingtogreatsuccesscanbeappliedtobothscienceandmusic.【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了音乐对科学家团队协作的作用8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Musicinspiresateamtoworktogether.B.Musichelpstorelievestressandanxiety.C.Scientistsworkedtogetherwiththehelpofmusic.D.Musichelpsscientiststoachievescientificsuccess.9.WhatdidEinsteinandSüdhofhaveincommon?A.Theybothvalueddiscipline.B.Theybothlikedclassicalmusic.C.Theystudiedthesameareaofscience.D.Intuitionoftencamefirsttotheirmind.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thelabmembersenjoymusic.B.Thelabhasmadebreakthroughs.C.Thelabworksthroughgreatteamwork.D.Thelabmembersunderstandeachother.11

Howdidtheauthorprovehisorheropinion?A.Bycomparingdifferentideas. B.Bygivingsupportingexamples.C.Bydoingmusicalexperiments. D.Byreferringtofamoussayings有……的共同之处v.证实，证明；8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Musicinspiresateamtoworktogether.B.Musichelpstorelievestressandanxiety.C.Scientistsworkedtogetherwiththehelpofmusic.D.Musichelpsscientiststoachievescientificsuccess.Whatdoesmusicmeantoyou?Doyouuseittohelprelievestress,anxietyandfallasleepto?Formany,thevalueofmusicisendless,andscientistsandNobelwinnersarenoexception.Fromseeingproblemsinanewwaytodevelopingdiscipline(自律),expressingcreativitytoworkingasateam,musichashelpedmanywinnersinbothworkandlife.(对许多人来说，音乐价值是无穷无尽的，科学家和诺贝尔奖得主也不例外。从以新的方式看待问题到发展纪律，从表达创造力到团队合作，音乐帮助了许多工作和生活中的成功者)”可知，本文主要介绍了音乐对科学家们团队合作的重要作用。C9.WhatdidEinsteinandSüdhofhaveincommon?A.Theybothvalueddiscipline.B.Theybothlikedclassicalmusic.C.Theystudiedthesameareaofscience.D.Intuitionoftencamefirsttotheirmind.AlbertEinsteinwasinfluencedbyhismotherwhotaughthimtoplaytheviolinataveryearlyage.HewasespeciallyfondofMozart,BachandSchubert.ForEinstein,musicworkedasabrainstormingtechniquetohelphimreflectonhistheoriesandsolvedifficultieshemetwith.Einstein’sscientificideaswereoftenfirstlycreatedintheshapeofimagesandintuition(直觉),whichmusiclaterhelpedtoturnintomathematics,logic(逻辑)andwords.ForThomasSüdhof’sawardedthe2013NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine,musicgavehimimportantinputsandideas.SüdhofmostlyenjoysclassicalmusicbymasterslikeMozart,whichrequiresacreativemindaswellasgreatdiscipline.ItissaidthatthesetwofactorsshapedSüdhof’sdevelopmentasascientist.discipline：n.纪律，风纪；自制力，自律能力B10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thelabmembersenjoymusic.B.Thelabhasmadebreakthroughs.C.Thelabworksthroughgreatteamwork.D.Thelabmembersunderstandeachother.Furthermore,thecooperationbetweenthemembersofamusicbandcanbecomparedwiththeteameffortfoundwithinaresearchgroup.AccordingtoMedicinewinnerJamesAllison,itisnecessaryinbothfieldstobuildateamwhereeachindividualmakestheirowncontributiontotheoverallwork.However,itisimportantthatthecommunicationbetweenthemembersworksosmoothlythateachindividualalsoknowswhatneedstobedonetoachievebreakthroughs.AsJamesAllisonstates,“Everynowandthenmylabhasbeenaswelltuned—itfeelslikeareallygoodband”—theconceptofgreatteamworkleadingtogreatsuccesscanbeappliedtobothscienceandmusic.像真正的乐队一样，那说明实验室的人都能和乐队成员一样配合得很好，有良好的团队合作。beappliedto应用于C11Howdidtheauthorprovehisorheropinion?A.Bycomparingdifferentideas. B.Bygivingsupportingexamples.C.Bydoingmusicalexperiments. D.ByreferringtofamoussayingsMusichasoftenhelpedNobelwinnersthinkandprocessscientificinformationinanewway.AlbertEinstein...Besideshelpingthemreflectonscientificallycomplexproblems,musichashelpedNobelwinnerslearndisciplineandtheimportanceofacreativemind.ForThomasSüdhof’s...Furthermore,thecooperationbetweenthemembersofamusicbandcanbecomparedwiththeteameffortfoundwithinaresearchgroup.AccordingtoMedicinewinnerJamesAllison...文章主要通过Einstein、Südhof和JamesAllison等人的例子来论证作者观点。compare：v.比较，对比；把……比作；referto：参考/涉及/查阅/提到BJason,astraight-AstudentfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,usestheterm“pseudo-working”todescribehowsomestudentsstudy.Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkinghard—heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtostayuplateintothenight—but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn’tactuallyachievemuch. Thisphenomenoncanbeseeninmostcolleges.Forexample,aroommatelooksthroughherchemistrynotesonthecouchwhilewatchingTV.TheguybringsmealsandpacksofRedBulltothestudyzonepreparingforapaper-writingmarathon. Byplacingthemselvesindistractingenvironmentsandworkinglonghours,thestudentsaredamagingtheirbrain’sabilitytothinkclearlyandefficientlytoachievethetaskathand.Intheend,theygethalftheresultswithtwicetheeffort. Thebiggerproblemisthatmoststudentsdon’tevenrealizethey’repseudo-working.Tothem,pseudo-workingiswork-it’showtheyandtheirfriendshavealwaysdoneit.Theyneverthinktheremightbeabetterway.Ontheotherhand,straight-Astudentsknowallaboutpseudo-working.Theyfearit,anditnotonlywastestime,butit’salsomentallytiring. Infact,themostimportantskillinbecomingabetterstudentistheabilitytogetworkdonequicklyandwithasmallestamountofwastedeffort.Somecognitive(认知的)scienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximize(最大化)thematerialintegratedpertimeunit.Tounderstandthisbetter,justconsiderthefollowingsimpleformula:workachieved=timespent*degreeoffocus. Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowdegreeoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working,youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Astudentsapproach,ontheotherhand,increaseshisdegreeoffocusinordertouselesstime.Jason,astraight-AstudentfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,usestheterm“pseudo-working”todescribehowsomestudentsstudy.Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkinghard—heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtostayuplateintothenight—but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshedoesn’tactuallyachievemuch. Thisphenomenoncanbeseeninmostcolleges.Forexample,aroommatelooksthroughherchemistrynotesonthecouchwhilewatchingTV.TheguybringsmealsandpacksofRedBulltothestudyzonepreparingforapaper-writingmarathon. Byplacingthemselvesindistractingenvironmentsandworkinglonghours,thestudentsaredamagingtheirbrain’sabilitytothinkclearlyandefficientlytoachievethetaskathand.Intheend,theygethalftheresultswithtwicetheeffort. Thebiggerproblemisthatmoststudentsdon’tevenrealizethey’repseudo-working.Tothem,pseudo-workingiswork-it’showtheyandtheirfriendshavealwaysdoneit.Theyneverthinktheremightbeabetterway.Ontheotherhand,straight-Astudentsknowallaboutpseudo-working.Theyfearit,anditnotonlywastestime,butit’salsomentallytiring. Infact,themostimportantskillinbecomingabetterstudentistheabilitytogetworkdonequicklyandwithasmallestamountofwastedeffort.Somecognitive(认知的)scienceresearchconcludesthatabout50minutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximize(最大化)thematerialintegratedpertimeunit.Tounderstandthisbetter,justconsiderthefollowingsimpleformula:workachieved=timespent*degreeoffocus. Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowdegreeoffocus.Therefore,toachievesomethingbypseudo-working,youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Astudentsapproach,ontheotherhand,increaseshisdegreeoffocusinordertouselesstime.【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了伪工作现象及其特点。12.Whichofthefollowingphenomenonispseudo-working?A.Tomisbusytakingnoteswhileattendingalecture.B.AliceandSaraaresittingonthecouchreadingtheirfavoritebooks.C.Mikeissittingatastudyloungeinpreparationforafinalexamquietly.D.Jackspendsalongtimeinthelibraryonhisessaywhilelisteningtomusic.13.Comparedwithstraight-Astudents,themajorproblemofmoststudentsisthatthey________.A.wanttospendmoretimeonstudy. B.areeagertofollowtheirfriends’way.C.havegotusedtotheirstudyapproach. D.areunawareoftheirpseudo-working.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimal”probablymeaninparagraph5?A.Best. B.Possible. C.Least. D.Accurate.15.Whydoestheauthormentiontheformulainthetext?A.Toshowthebenefitofworkinghard.B.Toprovethenecessityofachievingwork.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofconcentration.D.Toexplainthereasonforspendingmuchtime.12.Whichofthefollowingphenomenonispseudo-wo