专题01 完形填空2024年高考英语一模试题分类汇编北京专用解析版

专题01完形填空（一）（204届.北京海淀区.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI1thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer'sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar2tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.Thosesecondsafterthecallwere3.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin4.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewofmy5onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether6wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I'dneverbeenmore7toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndréBouvier,who'dwalkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore8.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand9.Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow10challengeswithasenseofcalmI'dnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndréintomylife.1. A.droppedoff B.filledup C.setaside D.putaway2. A.locked B.parked C.signaling D.running3. A.painful B.critical C.disappointing D.impressive4. A.failure B.smoke C.disaster D.mystery5. A.route B.location C.direction D.destination6. A.news B.help C.hope D.faith7. A.satisfied B.surprised C.relieved D.worried8. A.slowly B.excitedly C.nervously D.strongly9. A.recognition B.admiration C.satisfaction D.appreciation10. A.identify B.present C.approach D.anticipate【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.B7.C8.D9.D10.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者的一次经历。作者在下午准备下班时，发现同事落下了电脑包，于是决定送去同事家。在返回的路上，遭遇了暴风雪，作者只能停车并拨打911。等待救援时，作者与同事联系并在社交媒体上分享了自己的位置。最终，一位叫安德烈·布维尔的人在黑夜中拿着手电筒走向作者，带着他安全抵达了自己家。这次经历让作者改变了应对挑战的态度，也让他与安德烈·布维尔相识。【1题详解】考察动词短语辨析。句意：我花了大约15分钟到达他的家，在那里我放下包，然后马上回到路上。dropoff意思是“放下”，符合文意，作者到同事家放下包就回来了。fillup意为“填满”；setaside表示“留出”；putaway是“收好”的意思。故选A。【2题详解】考察动词词义辨析。句意：我让汽车发动着以保持温暖，并拨打了911。keepthecarrunning让汽车保持运行状态，也就是发动着的状态，其他选项不符合文意。locked意思为“锁上”；parked表示“停车”；signaling是“发信号”的意思。故选D。【3题详解】考察形容词词义辨析。句意：通话后的那几秒钟是痛苦的。painful在此处表示“痛苦的”，那些秒是很痛苦的，作者在那种情况下感到害怕。critical是“关键的，紧要的”；disappointing是“令人失望的”；impressive是“令人印象深刻的”。故选A。【4题详解】考察名词词义辨析。句意：我给同事发了短信，开玩笑说我的好事以灾难告终。disaster表示“灾难”，作者把做好事却遭遇暴风雪这件事调侃成灾难。failure是“失败”；smoke是“烟雾”；mystery是“神秘”。故选C。【5题详解】考察名词词义辨析。句意：他建议我在社交媒体上分享我的位置的\o"coco://sendMessage?ext=%7b"卫星视图。location指“位置”，作者在社交媒体上分享自己的位置。route是“路线”；direction是“方向”；destination是“目的地”。故选B。【6题详解】考察名词词义辨析。句意：在车里等待时，我怀疑是否有人能够来帮我。作者不确定是否有人能来帮助自己。news是“消息”；hope是“希望”；faith是“信念”。故选B。【7题详解】考察形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的一生中，我从未如此高兴看到有人。relieved表示“宽慰的、放心的”，作者看到有人来接自己感到很宽慰。satisfied是“满意的”；surprised是“惊讶的”；worried是“担心的”。故选C。【8题详解】考察副词词义辨析。句意：我开车跟在他后面，感觉我的心开始更有力地跳动。strongly修饰beat，意思是“强烈地跳动”，作者在这种情况下心情很紧张，心脏强烈地跳动。slowly是“缓慢地”；excitedly是“兴奋地”；nervously也是“紧张地”，但是与strongly相比，nervously更强调紧张的情绪，strongly更强调强烈的程度。故选D。【9题详解】考察名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他的家时，我突然哭了起来，我所有的恐惧都变成了宽慰和感激。appreciation表示“感激”，作者对\o"coco://sendMessage?ext={"安德烈的帮助感到感激。recognition是“认可”；admiration是“钦佩”；satisfaction是“满足”。故选D。【10题详解】考察动词词义辨析。句意：我现在面对挑战时带着一种我以前不知道的平静感。approachchallenges表示“接近挑战”，也就是“面对挑战”，作者现在面对挑战时会带着一种以前没有的平静感。identify是“识别”；present是“呈现”；anticipate是“预料”。故选C。（二）（2024届.北京西城区.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachallengingtask:Reciteapoeminfrontofthewholeclass.“Ihadamildstutter(结巴).I’dbe____1____togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith‘D’or‘TH’,orImightsay‘the’threetimes,”Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwastoomuchto____2____.Susanwenthomeand____3____howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe____4____fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.____5____shewasdone,Mr.DiMeosaidsomethingshe’dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn’thavetobeasourceof____6____.Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.ShenevergottoproperlythankMr.DiMeo.Butsometimeaftercollege,she____7____ajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmadeherrealizehowbiga(n)____8____hehadhadonherconfidence.“Istandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,nobigdeal,”shesaid.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto____9____herformerteacher,andplansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation.Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe’sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife.“Idon’tknowwhereIwould’vegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice____10____becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself.I’dliketothankhimforthatkindness.”1.A.continuing B.struggling C.pretending D.hoping2.A.share B.express C.find D.bear3.A.taught B.proved C.revealed D.promised4.A.excused B.prohibited C.corrected D.discouraged5.A.While B.Although C.Unless D.Once6.A.jealousy B.worry C.boredom D.loneliness7.A.wanted B.offered C.landed D.created8.A.impact B.idea C.choice D.stress9.A.judge B.contact C.study D.interview10.A.sweet B.loud C.quiet D.deep【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.B10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Susan说话轻微结巴，因DiMeo老师说喜欢她的声音Susan渐渐有了信心，后来能够公开演讲，生活和事业都获得了成功。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan说：“我很难说出一个以‘D’或‘TH’开头的单词，或者我可能会说三次‘the’。”A.continuing继续；B.struggling挣扎，吃力地进行；C.pretending假装；D.hoping希望。根据前文“Ihadamildstutter(结巴)”可知，Susan说话结巴，很难说出一个以“D”或“TH”开头的单词，故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要站在同学面前结结巴巴地念完这首诗，她就难以忍受。A.share分享；B.express表达；C.find找到；D.bear忍受。结合语境及“stutteringthroughthepoem”可知，一想到自己会结结巴巴地背诗，Susan就难以忍受，故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan回到家，向妈妈透露了她有多害怕，妈妈同意写一张纸条，请求在全班同学面前允许她不做这个任务。A.taught教；B.proved证明；C.revealed透露；D.promised承诺。结合下文“whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe____4____fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass”可知，Susan向妈妈透露自己很害怕，妈妈答应为她请假，故选C。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.excused原谅，同意免除；B.prohibited禁止；C.corrected纠正；D.discouraged劝阻，使泄气。结合下文“Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo”可知，此处指写一张纸条请求不做这个任务，excusesbfromdoing“同意某人不做”，故选A。【5题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她说完后，DiMeo先生说了一些她以前从未听过的话：他喜欢听她的声音。A.While在……期间；B.Although尽管；C.Unless除非；D.Once一旦，一……（就）。结合“helikedlisteningtohervoice”可知，此处指Susan一说完DiMeo先生就说自己喜欢她的声音，故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她第一次考虑到公开演讲不必成为忧虑的来源。A.jealousy羡慕，嫉妒；B.worry担心，忧虑；C.boredom无聊，厌倦；D.loneliness孤单。根据市上文“howscaredshewas”可知，Susan害怕公开演讲，故这应是让她感到忧虑，故选B。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但大学毕业后不久，她找到了一份企业培训师的工作。A.wanted想要；B.offered提供；C.landed成功得到，赢得；D.created创造。根据下文“Thenewpositionmadeherrealize…”可知，此处指她成功得到一份新工作，故选C。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的职位使她意识到他对她的信心有多大的影响。A.impact影响；B.idea主意；C.choice选择；D.stress压力。根据上文“Forthefirsttime,sheconsideredthepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn’thavetobeasourceof____6____”以及下文“he’sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife(他是她事业和生活成功的重要原因)”可知，DiMeo先生说自己喜欢Susan的声音，这使她发生了改变，使她的事业和生活获得了成功，故此处指DiMeo先生对她的影响很大，故选A。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Susan最近找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，并计划给他写封信表达她的感激之情。A.judge评价；B.contact联系；C.study学习；D.interview采访。根据“plansonsendinghimaletterexpressingherappreciation”可知，此处指找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，故选B。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果我因为害怕让自己难堪而不得不保持沉默，我不知道我会去哪里。我要感谢他的好意。”A.sweet甜美的；B.loud大声的；C.quiet安静的；D.deep深的。根据“becauseIwasafraidofembarrassingmyself”可知，Susan以前说话结巴，因为害怕让自己难堪会保持沉默，故选C。（三）（2024届.北京东城区等五区.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ihadn’tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.Itwasgreattohaveherhere,___1___ourlives.Shewaslookingatthefewblooms(花)leftinmyyard.Ihadn’tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.Ithadbeena___2___yearforme.JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,itwouldallcomerushingbackandthe___3___thingonmymindwasflowers.“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof___4___,”shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelastroseoftheseason.Ishrugged(耸肩),wonderingwhyanyonewould___5___takingtimetolookatalowlyrose.Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone.“Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,”shesaidcalmly.“An___6___formedicine?”Ilaughed.“Arewethatold?”“Formybrain,”shesmiled.“Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor(肿块)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedsoftly.ThatwasAnne—ever___7___.Evencancerwasnomorethanjokingabout.So___8___thatIwasbeyondwords.Laternextday,ane-mailfilledwiththeflowerphotospoppedupfromAnne—clearandbeautiful.Shehadgottenpasttheanger,thepityandunfairness,takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingituntilit___9___.Ishiftedmyeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersinfullbloom.Actually,Ialwayshadthem,butitwasAnnewhogotmetoreally____10____them.1.A.saving B.watching C.sharing D.controlling2.A.normal B.new C.satisfying D.difficult3.A.last B.same C.only D.right4.A.yards B.flowers C.parties D.people5.A.bother B.avoid C.miss D.stop6.A.award B.order C.alarm D.idea7.A.optimistic B.attractive C.hard-working D.confident8.A.nervous B.shocked C.relaxed D.lucky9.A.ended B.failed C.shined D.fruited10.A.arrange B.trust C.colour D.appreciate【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.C10.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者和好友20年后相聚时分享生活，Anne得了癌症却仍然乐观的生活，并且她会欣赏美丽的花，而作者会沉浸在痛苦中，Anne让作者真正懂得了要欣赏自己种的那些花。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：能有她在这里，分享我们的生活真是太好了。A.saving节省，拯救；B.watching观看；C.sharing分享；D.controlling控制。根据“Ihadn’tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.”可知，20年后好友重逢，应该是一起分享生活。故选C。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这是艰难的一年。A.normal正常的；B.new新的；C.satisfying令人满意的；D.difficult困难的；艰难的。根据“Ihadn’tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.”和“JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness”可知，作者失去工作，感到痛苦，因此对她来说这是艰难的一年。故选D。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在我以为我已经摆脱了这种痛苦的时候，它又会涌上心头，我脑海中最后浮现的就是花。A.last最后的；B.same相同的；C.only仅有的，唯一的；D.right正确的。根据“JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewiththebitterness,itwouldallcomerushingback”可知，作者总是沉浸在痛苦中，因此最后想到的才是花。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我的一个爱好是给花拍照，”她说着，在这一季最后一朵玫瑰旁边站稳了脚跟。A.yards院子；B.flowers花；C.parties聚会；D.people人们。根据“Ishrugged(耸肩),wonderingwhyanyonewould___5___takingtimetolookatalowlyrose.”可知，此处指给花拍照片。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我耸了耸肩，不明白为什么有人会花时间去看一朵不起眼的玫瑰。A.bother打扰，使烦恼；B.avoid避免；C.miss错过；D.stop停止。根据“the___3___thingonmymindwasflowers.”和“Ishrugged(耸肩)”可知，作者觉得花时间看花是很麻烦的事。故选A。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“吃药的闹钟？”我笑了。A.award奖品；B.order顺序，命令；C.alarm警报，闹钟；D.idea主意。根据““Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,”shesaidcalmly.”可知，此处表示Anne设置闹钟提醒自己吃药。故选C。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是安妮一贯的乐观。A.optimistic乐观的；B.attractive吸引人的；C.hard-working努力工作的，勤劳的；D.confident自信的。根据““Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor(肿块)nobiggerthanyourfingernail,”shelaughedsoftly.”可知，Anne坦然的面对自己的疾病，因此她是乐观的。故选A。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我震惊得说不出话来。A.nervous紧张的；B.shocked震惊的；C.relaxed放松的；D.lucky幸运的。根据“Ihavebeendiagnosedwithararecancer”可知，听说Anne患有癌症，作者感到震惊。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她已经克服了愤怒、怜悯和不公平，一次又一次地打磨它，直到它闪闪发光。A.ended结束；B.failed失败；C.shined发光，把……照向；D.fruited使结果实。根据“takingonemomentatatimeandpolishingit”可知，一次又一次的打磨是为了让它发光。故选C。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我一直都拥有它们，但是安妮让我真正懂得欣赏它们。A.arrange安排；B.trust信任；C.colour给……上色；D.appreciate欣赏，感激。根据上文““Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof___4___,””可知，Anne让作者懂得欣赏自己种的那些花。故选D。（四）（2024届.北京石景山区.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners’shoes.My___1___increasedasIgrewolder.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa___2___.DadtoldmethatIwasthebest“mop(拖把)guy”he’deverhad.WorkingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas___3___tothewholefamily.ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain___4___tobepartoftheteam.That’stosay,Ihadtobe___5___,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever___6___foranyworkIdid.OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?”Thistaughtmethatwhenyou___7___,you’dbetterknowtheotherside’sargumentsaswellasyourown.Afterbeingawayinthearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptainandwasfullof___8___asIwalkedintomyparents’eatery.ThefirstthingDadsaidwas,“Welcome,mymopguy!OK,it’sthecleaner’sdayoff.Buthowaboutyoucleaningup___9___?”“Ican’tbelievethis!”Ithought.“I’manofficerinthearmy!”Butitdidn’tmatter.AsfarasDadwasconcerned,Iwasjustanothermemberofthe_____10_____involvedinafamilyeatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.1.A.duties B.scores C.wages D.ideas2.A.waiter B.cook C.cleaner D.manager3.A.attending B.applying C.reacting D.contributing4A.standards B.challengers C.achievements D.customers5.A.insistent B.confident C.courageous D.responsible6.A.arranged B.praised C.paid D.suspected7.A.succeed B.negotiate C.operate D.promise8.A.dignity B.respect C.curiosity D.gratitude9.A.frequently B.later C.instead D.immediately10.A.army B.class C.team D.party【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A5.D6.C7.B8.A9.B10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小在父母经营的小餐馆里工作，从擦鞋到拖地，虽然从未得到报酬，但学到了很多宝贵的经验。在军队服役两年后，作者回家时仍被父亲视为餐馆的一员，需要参与清洁工作。文章体现了家庭餐馆中团队精神和劳动价值的重要性。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我的责任也越来越重。A.duties责任；B.scores得分；C.wages薪水；D.ideas想法。根据上文“myfirstrealjobwas...”和下文“asIgrewolder.”可推知，随着年龄的增长，作者要做的工作也越来越多，责任也越来越重。故选A项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：十二岁时，我当上了清洁工。A.waiter侍者；B.cook厨师；C.cleaner清洁工；D.manager经理。根据下文“Iwasthebest“mop(拖把)guy””可知，作者成了餐馆里的清洁工。故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在餐厅工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因为我为整个家庭做出了贡献。A.attending参加；B.applying申请；C.reacting反应；D.contributing贡献。根据上文“Workingintherestaurantwasasourceofgreatpride”可推知，自豪是源于自己对家庭做出了贡献。故选D项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我父亲说得很清楚，我必须达到一定的标准才能成为团队的一员。A.standards标准；B.challengers挑战者；C.achievements成就；D.customers顾客。根据下文“That’stosay,

Ihadtobe5,hard-workingandpolitetothecustomers.”的解释可知，父亲为成为团队的一员提出了一定的标准。故选A项。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，我必须负责，勤奋，对顾客有礼貌。A.insistent坚持的；B.confident自信的；C.courageous勇敢的；D.responsible负责任的。结合常识和上文“tobepartoftheteam”可推知，要成为团队的一员当然要具有责任感。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了擦鞋的工作，我做的任何工作都没有支付报酬。A.arranged安排；B.praised称赞；C.paid支付；D.suspected怀疑。根据下文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.”可知，作者的其它工作没有支付报酬，所以才会和父亲谈判，要求加薪。故选C项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件事教会了我，当你谈判时，你最好了解对方的观点和你自己的观点。A.succeed成功；B.negotiate谈判；C.operate操作；D.promise承诺。根据上文“OnedayItoldDadheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?””可知，这是作者和父亲之间的谈判，是这次谈判让作者明白了一个道理。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我刚刚被提升为队长，走进父母的餐馆时，我充满了自豪。A.dignity自豪；B.respect尊重；C.curiosity好奇心；D.gratitude感激之情。根据上文“Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptain”可推知，刚升为队长的作者觉得自己荣归故里，感到自豪和骄傲。故选A项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你晚点再打扫怎么样？A.frequently频繁地；B.later后来；C.instead代替；D.immediately立即。根据上文“it’sthecleaner’sdayoff.”和最后一段中“Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.”可知，父亲给作者放一天假，但要求他以后再打扫。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在爸爸看来，我只是家庭餐馆团队里的一员。A.army军队；B.class班级；C.team团队；D.party聚会。根据第二段中“ButmyfathermadeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4 tobepartoftheteam.”和上文“Iwasjustanothermemberof...”可知，作者成为了家庭餐馆团队里的一员。故选C项。（五）（2024届.北京房山区.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。EmilyBhatnagarlivesinGaithersburg,Maryland.Shehasalwaysloved___1___.Asareallyshygirl,shealwaysturnedtobooks,whichsortofbecameherbestfriendswhenshedidn’thaveone.In2019,whenherdadwasdiagnosedwithcancer,itwasadifficulttimeforherfamilyandbooksbecameanevenbigger___2___.Shestartedthinkingaboutpeoplein___3___situations.Whenherfatherrecovered,shehadoverwhelminggratitudetothedoctorsforperformingsuchamiracle,butalsoahintofsadnessaboutkidswhowerefightingthesamebattle.Atthatverymoment,shecameupwithaplan.Shewantedtodothingsforthe___4___.ShestartedabookdrivecalledForLove&Buttercupinherhometown.Thegoalwasto___5___booksandgivethemtokidsbeingtreatedforcancerinlocalhospitals.Atfirst,Emilyhadnoideahowmuch___6___herworkwouldget.Shestartedbypostingonsocialmedia,askingpeopleinherareato___7___.Shewasexpectingmaybetwoorthree___8___fromneighbors,butitendedupblowingup,___9___whennewsstationsbeganreportingit.Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books.NowEmilycontinuestorunthebookdrive.Shehopesto___10___theprojectonedaytoreachmorekids.Thememoryofthefirsttimeshevisitedchildrenwho’dreceivedherbooksstickswithher.“Itwasthebestdayofmylife,”shesays.“IrealizedIwantedtodothistypeofworkforever.”1.A.reading B.posting C.driving D.writing2.A.friend B.project C.guide D.comfort3.A.severe B.similar C.simple D.shocking4.A.hospitals B.schools C.neighbourhood D.committee5.A.purchase B.collect C.distribute D.exhibit6.A.attention B.intention C.discussion D.rejection7.A.spread B.donate C.promote D.approve8.A.comments B.likes C.letters D.responses9.A.naturally B.automatically C.especially D.specifically10.A.expand B.evaluate C.manage D.monitor【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了EmilyBhatnagar成立ForLove&Buttercup，为孩子们筹集书籍的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一直喜欢读书。A.reading读；B.posting发帖子；C.driving驾驶；D.writing写。根据下文“shealwaysturnedtobooks”可知，她一直喜欢读书。故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019年，她的父亲被诊断出患有癌症，这对她的家庭来说是一段艰难的时期，书籍成为了更大的安慰。A.friend朋友；B.project项目；C.guide导游；D.comfort安慰。根据上文“shealwaysturnedtobooks,whichsortofbecameherbestfriendswhenshedidn’thaveone”和“herdadwasdiagnosedwithcancer,itwasadifficulttime”可知，她的爸爸被诊断出患有癌症，她喜欢读书，所以在这种情况下书籍成为了她更大的安慰。故选D。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她开始思考那些处境相似的人。A.severe严重的；B.similar相似的；C.simple简单的；D.shocking令人震惊的。根据下一段“ahintofsadnessaboutkidswhowerefightingthesamebattle”可知，她思考那些和她有相似处境的人。故选B。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她想为邻居做点事。A.hospitals医院；B.schools学校；C.neighbourhood邻近；D.committee委员会。根据下一段“inherhometown”可知，她是想为邻居做点事，空格处是neighbourhood。故选C。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：目的是收集书籍，并将它们送给当地医院接受癌症治疗的孩子们。A.purchase购买；B.collect收集；C.distribute分发；D.exhibit展览，展出。根据下文“givethemtokidsbeingtreatedforcancerinlocalhospitals”可知，这个项目的目的是收集书，然后送给当地医院接受癌症治疗的孩子们。故选B。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，艾米丽不知道她的工作会得到多少关注。A.attention关注；B.intention打算；C.discussion讨论；D.rejection拒绝。根据下文“newsstationsbeganreportingit.Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books”可知，艾米丽不知道她的工作会得到多少关注。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始在社交媒体上发帖，请求她所在地区的人们捐赠。A.spread传播；B.donate捐赠；C.promote促进；D.approve批准。根据“Thegoalwasto__5__books”和下文“Sincethestartofthebookdrive,Emilyhascollectedmorethan10,000books”可知，她的项目的目的是筹集书，所以是请求她所在地区的人们捐赠书籍。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她本以为邻居们可能会有两到三个回应，但结果却大受欢迎，尤其是当新闻电台开始报道这件事时。A.comments评论；B.likes喜好；C.letters信；D.responses回应。根据下文“fromneighbors”和上文“askingpeopleinherareato__7__”可知，她要求她所在地区的人们捐赠，她本以为邻居们可能会有两到三个回应。故选D。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她本以为邻居们可能会有两到三个回应，但结果却大受欢迎，尤其是当新闻电台开始报道这件事时。A.naturally自然地，天然地；B.automatically自动地；C.especially特别，尤其；D.specifically专门地。根据上文“itendedupblowingup”和下文“whennewsstationsbeganreportingit”可知，她的项目大受欢迎，尤其是当新闻电台开始报道这件事的时候。故选C。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她希望有一天能扩大这个项目，惠及更多的孩子。A.expand扩大；B.evaluate评价；C.manage管理；D.monitor监视。根据下文“toreachmorekids”可知，她希望扩大这个项目。故选A。（六）（2024届.北京延庆.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver.Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandtherewere___1___warningsforsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas.Asaprecaution,I’d___2___sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchjustincasewatermanagedtoseepthrough.AsIfellasleep,Iwas___3___bythesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas___4___tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast.Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand___5___itsflashlight.Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.TheAhrmusthave___6___burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags.AndnowIhadtogetout—fast!Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly___7___:thedoorleadingtoupstairs.FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater’spressurewashigh.Imanagedtomakea___8___ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughformetosqueezethrough.Rushingdownoutside,I___9___thatifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned.Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest.Iwillrememberwhatmymothertoldme:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyou____10____everything.Rememberthedayyousurvived.”1.A.flood B.earthquake C.drought D.sandstorm2.A.cleaned B.lifted C.recovered D.placed3.A.threatened B.awakened C.weakened D.tightened4.A.excited B.shocked C.depressed D.exhausted5.A.showedup B.lookedup C.turnedon D.wenton6.A.carefully B.gradually C.violently D.constantly7.A.escape B.mind C.problem D.stage8.A.gap B.depth C.height D.cut9.A.pretended B.promised C.imagined D.realised10.A.lacked B.found C.lost D.gained【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.B5.C6.C7.A8.A9.D10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的一次脱险经历。由于连下大雨，使得河流决堤，爆发了洪水，殃及到作者所居住的区域。尽管作者提前做好了“抗洪”准备，但是，洪水的破坏力还是使得作者的家，以及该区域一片狼藉。幸运的是，作者逃生并幸存了下来。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个星期一直下着大雨，附近的一些地区发布了洪水警报，但我所在的地方没有。A.flood洪水；B.earthquake地震；C.drought干旱；D.sandstorm沙尘暴。根据“Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweek”可知，下大雨应是发布洪水警报，故选A。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为预防措施，我在花园门外放了沙袋，把电子产品和衣服堆在桌子和沙发上，以防水浸透。A.cleaned打扫；B.lifted举起，（被）提起；C.recovered恢复；D.placed放置。结合语境及“piledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouch”可知，此处指在花园门外放了沙袋，故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚睡着，就被哗哗的水声吵醒了。A.threatened威胁；B.awakened（使）醒来；C.weakened削弱，减弱；D.tightened（使）变紧。根据“AsIfellasleep”可知，作者正在睡觉，故此处指被水声吵醒，故选B。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把腿从床上甩下来时，我震惊地感到冷水已经没过膝盖，而且还在迅速上升。A.excited兴奋的；B.shocked震惊的；C.depressed沮丧的；D.exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据“tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast”可知，作者一觉醒来感到冷水已经没过膝盖，而且还在迅速上升，应是感到震惊，故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在黑暗中瑟瑟发抖，我抓起手机，打开了手电筒。A.showedup出现；B.lookedup查阅，向上看；C.turnedon打开；D.wenton继续。根据“Shiveringandindarkness”可知，作者身处黑暗中，故是抓起手机打开手电筒，故选C。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：阿尔河一定猛烈地冲垮了河岸，冲破了沙袋。A.carefully仔细地；B.gradually逐渐地；C.violently猛烈地，激烈地；D.constantly不断地。根据上文“Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.(水从花园的门里涌了出来，椅子、书架和我的架子鼓碎片漂浮在客厅里)”可知，家里遭遇洪水，故此处指阿尔河猛烈地冲垮了河岸，故选C。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在水没到我的腰了，我光着脚开始划向我唯一的逃生之处：通往楼上的门。A.escape逃脱；B.mind头脑；C.problem问题；D.stage舞台。根据空后“thedoorleadingtoupstairs”可知，水位已经到了腰部，作者应是上楼逃生，故选A。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使出了全身的力气和力气，总算挤出了30厘米左右的空隙，才勉强挤了过去。A.gap间隙，开口；B.depth深度；C.height高度；D.cut划口。根据“enoughformetosqueezethrough”可知，此处指使出浑身力气打开一个间隙挤过去，故选A。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到外面，意识到如果我几分钟后醒来，我就会淹死。A.pretended假装；B.promised承诺；C.imagined想象；D.realised意识到。结合空后“ifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned”可知，此处指作者意识到形势的严峻，如果晚几分钟醒来可能就被淹死了。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会记住妈妈告诉我的话：“不要记得你失去一切的那一天。记住你活下来的那一天。”A.lacked缺少；B.found发现；C.lost失去；D.gained获得。结合作者的经历以及下文“Rememberthedayyousurvived.”可知，作者从洪水中幸存，故此处指不要想自己失去了一切，而是要记得活下来的那一天，故选C。（七）（2024届.北京门头沟.统考一模）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IwaspreparingfordinnerwithmyhusbandwhenourdaughterRikkistormedintothesittingroomandmarchedtothesofa.IglancedoutofthewindowandsawourneighborLexiwalkingslowlybacktoherhousewithherheaddown,lookingso___1___.“Whydidn’tLexistaylonger?”Iaskedher.“Idon’twanttoplaywithher,”Rikkicomplained,“Iwishshewouldstopcomingoverhereallthetime.Herdresslooksterribleandsmellsdisgusting.Everyoneinourclasschoosesto___2___her.”“That’snother___3___,Rikki.Maybeshedoesn’thaveanyonetohelpher.”Isaid.“Yousee,baby,”herfatherbegantosay,“Ireallyknowhowshefeltwhenyoushowedyour___4___toherbecauseIhadthesameexperiencewhenIwasakid.Iwasthepoorkidwithhand-me-downclothes,thekidwhootherslookeddownon.That___5___nevergoesaway.”Hetoldherhewantedhertobekindand____6____,notjudgmentalandhurtful.Tearswerestreamingdownherface.Thenwe___7___Le