山东省潍坊市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末统考英语试题

高三英语第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAtthetimeofyearwhenthesun’sdailyappearanceisoftenshort-lived,thefollowingwarmplacesinWashingtonStateareyourfirstchoice.AlderbrookResort&SpaLessthanatwo-hourdrivefromSeattle,locatedontheedgeoftheHoodCanal,anature-filledretreat（休养处）iswaving.SealsslidealongthewatersoftheAlderbrookdock（码头）,playingagameof“GoFish”withdive-bombingseabirds.Asyousitontheshakingdockjustminutesafterarrival,youarealreadyinaquieterworld.SuncadiaResortAmountainescapeawaitsjustoverthepasson1-90,about80mileseastofSeattle.Theresort’sannualWinterfestlaststhroughJanuary2,fullofholidaycelebrationsandwinterrecreation,fromcross-countyskiingandsnowmobiletourstoiceskatingandsnowshoetours.WillowsLodgeTwentymilesfromSeattle,thisluxurylodgeisnestledintothecentreofWoodinvilleWineCountry.SituatedonfivelandscapedacresthatbordertheSammamishRiver,theNorthwest-stylelodgeiswithinwalkingdistanceofmorethan35tastingrooms.Whenyoustepintothelodge,firecracklesandhotapplerollswelcomeyourarrivalwithacelebratoryair.Seattle-areaRetreatsSalishLodge&Spaisascenic30-minutedrivefromSeattle,bringingyoutoalodgeintegratingOldWorldatmosphereandmodernelegance.Getouttoenjoythesurroundingnature,hikingneartherushing270-foot-tallSnoqualmieFallsortryingactivitieslikeflyfishingandsnowshoeing.HeadtoNorthBendforasliceofTwede’sCafestrawberrypie.1.Wherecanyougettheleisurefromsealife?A.Seattle-areaRetreats. B.SuncadiaResort.C.AlderbrookResort&Spa. D.WillowsLodge.2.WhatcanyouenjoyatSuncadiaResort?A.Performancesofanimals. B.Amonth-longfestival.C.Anexhibitionofsnowshoes. D.Amusementswithsnow.3.WhatdoWillowsLodgeandSeattle-areaRetreatshaveincommon?A.Theyfeaturewinetasting.B.Theyfocusonoutdooractivities.C.Theyservefoodmadefromfruits.D.Theycombinetheancientandmoderntrends.BTwoyearsago,NikkiTysoerarelygotonabike.Today,though,she’sbecomesoaddictedtothecyclingworldthatshe’sevenhelpingtobringpedalpowertomental-healthnursesatthehospitalwheresheworks.InApril,theNationalLottery-fundedcharityAccessSportintroducedaprogramthatprovidesbikestoTowerHamlets’RoyalLondonHospital.NikkipushedforthistobeextendedtoGoodmayesHospital，amental-healthfacilityinnortheastLondonwhereshe’saprojectmanager.Shesayshavingthebikesnotonlyenablesnursingstafftotravelsafelytoandfromworkduringthecoronaviruscrisis,butalsoletsthemblowoffsteamduringtheirbreaks.Nikkiwantedtodosomethingtomakelifeabitbetterforthestaff.There’salotoffocusonthehospitalsatthemomentwhicharehavinganawfultimebutthisisalsoanextra-stressfultimeformentalhealthstaff.Thebikesprovideacomplementtoa“wobbleroom”withinthehospital.It’ssomewherethestaffcangowhenthey’rereallystressed,andthebikesareanextensionofthat.JuniordoctorAimanisverygratefulfortheprogram.“UsingthebikemeansIcangettoworksafely,”shesays.“Thishastakenoutalotofworriesfrommydailylifeandallowsmetofocusonmypatients.It’sdefinitelyimprovedmymentalwellbeing.”Stresslevelsaregenerallyhighinnursingandhavingbikeswouldmakeabigdifference.WhileAccessSporthasprovidedNikkiwithbikes,herdreamistohavethreeorfourbicyclespermanentlyonsite.Followingthesuccessofthebikeloans,Nikkiisworkingtoextendtheprojectbeyondlockdown.4.WhydidNikkiwanttoextendtheprogramtoGoodmayesHospital?A.Tomakeherhobbyknown.B.Togetnursestocycleforhealth.C.Tofightagainstthecoronaviruscrisis.D.Toguaranteetrafficsafety.5.Whatmightanursefeelingstresseddoina“wobbleroom”？A.Attendtopatients.B.Reflectonthework.C.Listentomusicandrelax.D.Receiveprofessionaltraining.6.WhatcanweinferabouttheprogramaccordingtodoctorAiman?A.Itmeetschallenges.B.Itisagreatsuccess.C.Itboostssalesofbikes.D.Itispopularamongpatients.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNikki?A.Caring. B.Demanding. C.Ambitious. D.Generous.CFormorethanadecade，ateamofresearchershavestudiedthedynamicsoftheGreenlandIceSheetasitrespondstoawarmingclimate.Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenonwatersimpactsonicesheetchange,theirmostrecentresearchfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.Meierbachtol,HarperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesintheicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwatersystemunderlyingGreenland.Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.Internationalcooperatorsmadeanangledhole650metersthroughbedrockunderneathaGreenlandglacier（冰川）tomeasuregroundwaterconditionsundertheice.Meanwhile,researchersdrilled32holesfromatoptheglacier,throughnearlyakilometerofice,tomeasurewaterconditionsattheareabetweeniceandbedrock,whichformsanimportantboundarycontrollinggroundwaterflowbelow.Afterdrilling,theteamfixedsensorsintheicecolumnandattheicesheetbedtomeasureicedynamicsandwaterconditionsaswaterflowsundertheice.“Bystudyingareascoveredbyice10,000yearsago,wehaveknownthatthehugemassandvastamountsofwaterfrommeltingicecanimpacttheunderlyinggroundwater，”Meierbachtolsaid.“It’sgenerallyacceptedthatthegroundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesanditsresponsetoicesheetchangeislong：thousandsofyears.Butwhatwe’veshownhereisthatitisimmediate.”ThisnewunderstandingcouldhaveimportantsubsequenteffectsonhowGreenland’sthinningimpactstheArctic.Thethinningicecouldreducetherateofgroundwaterflowtotheocean,changingthewatertemperatureandsalinity（盐度）balancethatisimportantforoceancirculation（循环）patterns.“InthinkingaboutthecomplexfeedbacksfromGreenland’songoingchange,wehavereallyignoredthegroundwatercomponent,”Harpersaid.8.Howdotheresearchersfeelabouttheresultoftherecentstudy?A.Satisfied. B.Disappointed. C.Surprised. D.Doubtful.9.WhatcontributesmosttothenewresearchabouttheGreenlandIceSheet?A.Fixingsensorsintoicesheet.B.Closeinternationalcooperation.C.Advancedrockdrillingtechnology.D.Acombinationoftwodrillingapproaches.10.Whatisamisunderstandingofthegroundwaterunderglaciers?A.Ithasaverylargevolume. B.Itisinactiveforalongtime.C.Itscomponentiscomplex. D.Itstemperatureischangeable.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WaterImpactstheGreenland’sIceSheetB.LonglastingEffectsofGlobalWarmingontheArcticC.NewlyDiscoveredGroundwaterResourcesinGreenlandD.Greenland’sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheetDMachinepartscaneasilywearorcrack.Ifengineershadtheirway,machineswouldhavenomovingpartsatall.Perhapsjustonemovingcomponentwouldbeanacceptablesolution.Suchmachinesarenowbeginningtoappear.Alloysofgallium（镓合金）thatmeltbelowroomtemperaturearechosen.Theyhavethreeproperties：thehighestsurfacetensionsofanyknownliquid,goodelectricalconductivity,andextremechemicalreactivity,intheformofawillingnesstodonateelectrons—aprocessknownasoxidation（氧化）—tonearbysubstances.KouroshattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesusedthesepropertiestodesignamachinewithasinglemovingpart：acontinuous-flowreactor.Thisdeviceisacircular14cm-longtrack,forreactants（反应物）toflowaround.Itwasinterruptedbyasinglecavitycontainingadropletofliquidmetalconnectedtoanelectricalpowersource.Anelectricalcurrentappliedtothedropletproducesachangeinitssurfacetension.That,inturn,leadstoapressuredifferencestrongenoughtopullreactantsacross,allowingelectrondonationtohappenandthedesiredchemicalreactiontooccur.Thedeformationofthedropletasittensesandrelaxeswithinitscavitypumpstheresultantchemicalaway,allowingfreshreactantstoflowinandtheprocesstobeginagain.Theforcesproducedbysurfacetensiondominateatsmallscales.Atlargerscalestheyaren’tsuperiortothosegeneratedbyelectromagnetism（电磁）,onwhichconventionalmotorsrely.Thismeansthatliquidmetalengineeringwillbemostusefulforobjectsthatareroughlycentimetre-sizeandbelow.Asthisiswheremaintenanceandrepairsarethemostdemandingandcostly,suchafeatureisgoodnews.Andeventhoughtheywilllikelybelimitedtosmallerdevices,theappealofliquidmetalsiseasytosee.Theyexperiencenoneofthewear-and-tearthateventuallycausesmachinepartstobreakdown.Anydamagetheysufferisnaturallyself-healing.Galliumalloys’moreover,areeasytomake,harmlesstothetouch.Justtheticket,inotherwords,forcreativeengineers.12.Whichisoneofthecharacteristicsofgalliumalloys?A.Theirsurfacetensionsarelow.B.Theyarealwaysreadytoattractelectrons.C.Electriccurrentspassthroughthemeasily.D.Theychangetoliquidsonlybelowroomtemperature.13.Whathappenstotheliquidmetalwhenconnectedtoelectricityinparagraph3?A.Itispulledaway. B.Itproducesnewchemicals.C.Itsshapechanges. D.Itflowsaroundthetrack.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“those”inparagraph4referto?A.Motors. B.Forces. C.Machines. D.Objects.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningliquidmetals?A.Theirlimitations. B.Theirapplications.C.Theiradvantages. D.Theirfunctions.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereisnoescapingourevolutionintoacashlesssociety.Theideathatalltransactions（交易）canbecompleteddigitallyisbecomingmorerealisticdaybyday.16Asitis,peopleincreasinglydemandlow-touchorcontactlesspaymentswithgrowingconcernsoverthespreadofvirusesanddiseases.Acashlesssocietywouldgiverisetoaneweraforfinancialdeals.Thekeybenefitswouldincludelowercrimerates,easierforeigntransactions,andreducedrisksandcosts.Theideaofacashlesssocietyappearsverycommoninoursociety.17Economicinequalityandinclusivity（包容性）arefundamentalissuesstillpresentworldwide.18Theunbankedandpoorcouldfacesignificantchallengeswithdigitalmodesofpayment.Infact,mostoftheunbankedviewthecashlessmovementasanunfairactagainstthosewithoutbankaccounts.Foracashlesssociety,thereneedstobeanunderstandingandacceptancebygovernmentsandpaymentprovidersofthefinancialinclusionissuescurrentlyinexistence.19Therearealsotheelderlyandthedisabledwhofacetheirownchallengeswithrapiddigitalizationandtechnologicaladvancement.TherearestillpartsofsocietythatlacktrustindigitalpaymentsorhavebarrierstoaccessingmobilephonesandtheInternet.20Itisalsoabouttolaunchanationaldigitalcurrency（货币）,theworld’sfirst.Nearlyeverythingcanbetransactedbydigitalmeanshere.AswepreparefortheconsequenceofCOVID-19,andusethemodelsetbyChina,othercountriesneedtotakeituponthemselvestoprovideaharmonious,effective,andcashlesssociety—onethatdoesnotleaveanyonebehind.A.However,thisisfarfromreality.B.Severalcountrieshaveenteredcashlesssociety.C.Acashlesssocietymightactuallyworsentheseproblems.D.COVID-19hasspedupthemoveawayfromphysicalcash.E.InChina,fouroutofeveryfivepaymentsarenowcashless.F.Itisn’tjusttheunbankedwhoareatriskofbeingleftbehind.G.Sofinancialinclusionneedstobethecorevalueinacashlesssociety.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Myloveoflaundry（洗衣）deepenedasIgrewolder.IlearnedhowtowashanddrymyownclothesbeforeIwasten.Inmyteens,Itaughtmyselfto21.Withaloveofdry-clean-onlyclotheswhileonacollege-student22attheUniversityofKentucky,I23mytextiles（纺织业）professorstofindoutifIcouldwashmywoolsweatersandpantsmyself.I24Icould—afterall,peoplehadbeenwearingwoolclothingsincelongbeforethe25ofdrycleaning.WhatIlearnedfrommylaundryteacherswerenotjustthehow-tos.Inhisbooks,authorGaryChapmanteachesfive“lovelanguages”—26toexpressandexperiencelove.Mineis27.That’swhatcaringforclothesmeantformygrandmother,formymom,and28forme.Farbeyondduty，serviceisthewayIshowotherslove—whetherI’mironingmyhusband’sshirts,29decoratingourhomeforChristmas.Changingourmindsetsfrom30cleaningclothestocaringforothersisthe31tochangingourattitudesaboutlaundryfromhardworktolove.My32isthatcaringforyourlovedones’clothesshowsthemlove.Whentheirclothesare33,smellwonderful,andlookgreat,yourlovedonesaregoingtofeelasiftheycantakeontheworld,andtheirdaysaregoingtobeallthe34.That’strueforyouandyourclothes35.Anddon’tyoudeservethat?21.A.iron B.sew C.display D.measure22.A.salary B.award C.budget D.holiday23.A.stoodby B.thoughtof C.learnedfrom D.soughtout24.A.confirmed B.joked C.suspected D.imgained25.A.discovery B.permission C.invention D.addiction26.A.stories B.theories C.ways D.chances27.A.share B.service C.interest D.appreciation28.A.now B.soon C.never D.once29.A.for B.and C.so D.or30.A.frequently B.completely C.simply D.directly31.A.key B.end C.clue D.tendency32.A.mode B.mission C.personality D.philosophy33.A.new B.clean C.dear D.right34.A.tidier B.longer C.brighter D.easier35.A.asusual B.aswell C.intime D.inparticular第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheOscarsareheldeveryMarchinthecityofLosAngeles.ManyofHollywood’sbiggest36(celebrity)attendthisevent,37(hope)towinanOscaraward.Sincethefirstceremonyin1929,38onlyfifteenawardsweregivenout,theOscarshavegrowninsizeandpopularity.Now,morethanfiftyofthegold-platedstatuesaremadeeveryyearinthecityofChicago.Theythen39(transport)toLosAngelesfortheawardsshow.However,onMarch8,2000,someonestolethefifty-fiveOscarstatuesthatweremadeforthatyear’sceremony.Soonafter,thetruckingcompany40(responsibility)fortransportingthestatuesoffereda$50,000rewardforthem.Afewdayslater,WillieFulgearwaslookingforsomeboxesinagarbagecannearhishomeintheKoreatowndistrictofLosAngeles.Williewasmovingoutofhisapartmentandheneededboxes41(pack)histhingsin.Searchingthroughthecan,hefoundsomewhiteboxes.HeopenedoneofthemandfoundanOscarinside.Hehadtheotherboxes42(tear)openandgotfifty-twoOscars,all43perfectcondition.Heimmediatelycalledthepolice.FinallyWillieFulgearreceived44$50,000rewardandaninvitationtotheOscarceremony.Hedidn’treceiveanawardforhishonesty45hedidgofromlittertoglitter（闪光）injustoneweek.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）请以“MyIdealSchoolCanteen”为题写一篇介绍你心目中你学校理想校园餐厅的英语短文，准备在英语课上向同学们朗读，内容包括:1.名称和位置；2.就餐环境；3.餐饮特色。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相