初高中英语衔接基本句子成分和结构课件

句子成分MembersofSentences句子成分BasicSentencesStructures基本句子结构目录CONTENTS21Warmingup热身环节HisnameisJackson.HewasbornandraisedinHongkong,China.Fromthissportfamily,hisdadusedtobeaformerOlympicfencer,hismom'sagymnast,too.HisbrotherisarugbyplayerinAustralia.Growingupinthisfamily,hestartedfencingwhenhewas10,andthenin2011hewaspreparinghimselfforLondonOlympicGames.HehadascholarshipofferfromStanford.Warmingup热身环节Jacksonhashisfamilymembers.MembersofsentencesMembersofSentences1句子成分Membersofsentences句子成分I'mtheheadofthefamily,sopeoplecallme“thesubject”.主语我是一家之主，我做主语。SubjectIamtheheadofthefamily.Seeingisbelieving.Tosayisonething,andtodoisanother.Twoindistressmakesthesorrowless.Whathesaidimpressedmealot.Thesunrisesintheeast.代词动名词不定式数词从句（一）主语：动作发出者。名词主语

(S-subject):表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。Membersofsentences句子成分Withoutme,withouthome.I'mthemostimportantone.谓语动词没有我就没有家，我是最重要的谓语动词。Verb简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflag.Helookedafterme.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasn’treceivedthee-mailyet.saw

lookedafter

canspeak

hasn’treceived（二）谓语：主语之后。由动词担任Ihaveabestfriend.HernameisJenny.Welookaftereachother.Butshedoesn’tliketalkingtoomuch.Shecankeepquietforawholeday.实义动词-及物动词系动词动词短语助动词+动词原型情态动词+动词原型———————————————————————————————谓语(V-verb)：说明主语的动作或状态，一般由简单动词或动词短语（助动词/情态动词/be+主要动词）充当。Object宾语Let'scallit”object”.What'shisname?I'mtheobject.Ialwaysfollowmymom-verb.宾语我叫宾语。我是妈妈生的，所以老跟在妈妈-动词后面。Object（三）宾语：放在及物动词、介词之后Hegavemeabasketball.

Hemadeacakeforme.宾语：是动作的承受者，放在谓语动词（及物动词）后。—————————————————宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.Hegaveme

somebooks.IO(indirectobject)间接宾语DO(directobject)直接宾语主语+谓语（vt.）+间接宾语（sb.）+直接宾语（sth.）当将间接宾语放于直接宾语之后，则两者之间要用介词to或者for.Hegavesomebookstome.DO(directobject)直接宾语IO(indirectobject)间接宾语补充跟双宾的动词（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。Membersofsentences句子成分Mymomasksmygrandmatotakecareofme.Sowecallher“Objectivecomplement”.宾语补足语妈妈忙不过来了，所以就请了位奶奶专门照看我，给家里补充个帮手,奶奶就叫宾补。Sheaskedthebabytostopcrying.谓语

宾语

宾语补足语（四）宾补：常见于固搭中findsthadj\makenadj\asksbtodo\seesbdoing用来补充说明宾语的情况主语Ifoundthebookinteresting.Isawherlaughing.Hemadetheboycry.Thewarmadehimahero.形容词现在分词省略to的不定式有些动词虽然是及物动词，但是只能跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的句子意思，宾语后必须加上一个补语成分才能使句意完整，所加上的部分就是宾语补足语。名词如何区分双宾和宾语补足语？只需要在宾语和宾补之间加一个be动词，意思读起来是对的，就是宾+宾补，意思错的就是双宾语。Hegavemeabasketball.

Ifoundthebookinteresting.

双宾宾补Membersofsentences句子成分Mydadsometimesisinfluencedbygrandpa.Sowecallhim“Predicative”.表语在家里爸爸是主语，但是有的时候受到爷爷的影响。Predica-tive（五）表语：放在系动词之后

Sheisadoctor.

Theclothfeelssoft.

Hisfavoritesportisrunning.

Yourtaskistofindoutthecost.

Thehelperishim.

TheluckynumberinChinaiseight.

Sheisintheroom.说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”常见系动词口诀Be

的一张脸，看似

变

不变。amisarelookfeelsmelltastesoundseemappearkeepstayremainThewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.I’mhappytoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.overtoknowthetruthhappythefirstoutofcondition请找出下列句子的表语Myfatherboughtaniceredcar.主语谓语

宾语定语（六）定语Attribute：修饰或限制名词或代词前置定语：形容词、数词。后置定语：词组、句子Thegirl

inredishissister.Doyouknowthemanwhoshoppedjustnow?sheisanicesister.定语：①修饰名词或代词；②前置定语（形容词\数词充当）后置定语（短语）③翻译为”...的“Heisaboy.Therearestudents.Thereisababy.Thegirlishissister.clever4sleepingintheclassroomIwillbebackTheyareplayingHewaslateHegotupsolateintwodays.ontheplayground.becausehegotuplate.thatImissedthetrain.（七）状语Adverbial：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、原因、状态、结果、目的、伴随、程度等时间状语地点状语原因状语结果状语ThisisJason,Thenewsworriesus.（同从）myidol.thatheisill（八）同位语Appositive：同位语是在名词或者代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明。Let'ssumup总结八大句子成分主语谓语宾补宾语表语定语状语TheBasicSentencesStructure句子结构2S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)Sentence

structureSentencesSVAllofuslaughed!SVOImissmygrandma.SPTheteacherwaskindandfriendly.SVIODOHetoldusafunnystory.SVOCIfoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.SVAHetalkedtoomuch.SVOAIhadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.Therebe…There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.Analyzethesentencestructures.

Thesunwasshining.

Themoonrose.

Theuniverseremains.

Who

cares?主谓(SV)：S+Vi（不及物动词）

Whoknowstheanswer?

Heenjoysreading.

Theyatewhatwasleftover.

Iwanttohaveacupoftea.

主谓宾(SVO)：S+Vt(及物动词)+O区分SV和SVO？S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)Whatkindofsentencestructureisit?Sentence

structureSentencesSVAThe100-year-oldschoolliesinthecenterofthecity.SVWemustact.SPThemathshomeworklookseasy.SVOCTheteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.SVIODOMymomboughtmeanewdictionary.SVOTomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestud