版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
EnergyEfficiency
2023
INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY
TheIEAexaminesthe
fullspectrum
ofenergyissues
includingoil,gasand
coalsupplyand
demand,renewable
energytechnologies,
electricitymarkets,
energyefficiency,
accesstoenergy,
demandside
managementand
muchmore.Through
itswork,theIEA
advocatespoliciesthat
willenhancethe
reliability,affordability
andsustainabilityof
energyinits
31membercountries,
associationcountriesandbeyond.
Thispublicationandany
mapincludedhereinare
withoutprejudicetothe
statusoforsovereigntyover
anyterritory,tothe
delimitationofinternational
frontiersandboundariesand
tothenameofanyterritory,
cityorarea.
IEAmember IEAassociation
countries: countries:
Australia Argentina
Austria Brazil
Belgium China
Canada Egypt
CzechRepublic India
Denmark Indonesia
Estonia Kenya
Finland Morocco
France Senegal
Germany Singapore
Greece SouthAfrica
Hungary Thailand
Ireland Ukraine
Italy
Japan
Korea
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
NewZealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
SlovakRepublic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
RepublicofTürkiye
UnitedKingdom
UnitedStates
TheEuropean
Commissionalso
participatesinthe
workoftheIEA
Source:IEA.
InternationalEnergyAgency
Website:
EnergyEfficiency2023 Abstract
Abstract
EnergyEfficiency2023istheIEA’sprimaryannualanalysisonglobaldevelopmentsinenergyefficiencymarketsandpolicy.Itexploresrecenttrendsinenergyintensity,demandandefficiency-relatedinvestment,policyandtechnology.Thistentheditionofthemarketreportalsofeaturesanewspotlightsection,focusedonkeyissuesfacingpolicymakersthisyear.Inparticular,thereportdetailswhatisentailedwiththeproposedglobaltargettodoubleenergyefficiencyprogressandwhatwillbegainedbyachievingit.
Thisyear’sreportcomesamidsttheongoingeffectsoftheenergyandclimatecrisesinwhatisexpectedtobethehottestyearonrecord.Inthiscontext,2023globalenergyefficiencyprogress,asmeasuredbyprimaryenergyintensity,isexpectedtobeslightlybelowthelong-termtrendinaslowdownfrom2022.However,thereportmakesclearthataprofoundtransformationisunderwayinenergyefficiencyandcleanenergymorebroadly,withmanygovernmentsintroducingnew,orstrengtheningexisting,policiesandenergy-savingprogrammes.Thesepoliciesareleadingtofasterdeploymentofefficienttechnologiesandarecontributingtowardsanexpectedpeakingoffossilfueldemandinthecomingyears.
PAGE|3
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
EnergyEfficiency2023waspreparedbytheEnergyEfficiencyandInclusiveTransitionsOffice(EEIT)intheDirectorateofEnergyMarketsandSecurity(EMS)andincollaborationwithotherdirectoratesoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).
ThereportwasdesignedanddirectedbyNicholasHowarth,EnergyAnalyst(EEIT).OtherleadauthorswereLucasBoehlé,FedericoCallioni,HadrienLoyant,JackMillerandFabianVoswinkel.DianeMunroeditedthereport.
Principalauthors(inalphabeticalorder)were:ClaraCamarasa(cooling),ConorGask(Chinaandsectoranalysis),PaulineHenriot(systemsefficiency),KristinaKlimovich(PACEandbehaviour),NatalieKauf(SoutheastAsia,systemsefficiency),SimratKaur(India),SilviaLaera(systemsefficiency),EmmaMooney(behaviour,industryandEEOs),AlisonPridmore(transport),SungjinOh(governmentspendingandpolicyupdates),JoshOxby(employment),KseniaPetrichenko(buildingsandsystemsefficiency),CorneliaSchenk(investment,India),andBrendanReidenbach(investmentindigital).FurthersupportandinputwereprovidedbyJulietteDenis-SenezJappe,CarolineFedrine,LisaMarieGrenier,AndikaHermawan,YujunHuangandOrestisKarampinis.MitsidiProjetosandIanHamiltonalsoprovidedmuchvaluedanalyticalsupport.
Leadauthorsforspecialspotlightsectionswereasfollows:LucasBoehléandFedericoCallioni(energyintensityprogress);HadrienLoyant,JackMillerandFabianVoswinkel(doublingefficiencyprogress);ClaraCamarasa,ArnauRisquezMartinandFabianVoswinkel(coolinginthehottestyearonrecord);PaulineHenriot,SilviaLaera,NatalieKaufandArnauRisquezMartin(benefitsofsystemsefficiency);LucasBoehlé,IanHamilton,HadrienLoyantandKseniaPetrichenko(gasandresidentialheating);SimratKaur,CorneliaSchenk,andArnauRisquezMartin(coolinginIndia).
BrianMotherway,HeadofEEITprovidedoverallstrategicdirectiontothereport,alongwithVidaRozite,EnergyAnalyst.MelanieSlade,SeniorProgrammeManager,alsogaveexpertadviceandmanagementsupporttothereport.
KeisukeSadamori,DirectorofEnergyMarketsandSecurity(EMS)providedimportantexpertguidanceandadvice.Valuablecomments,feedbackandguidancewereprovidedbyotherseniormanagerswithintheIEAandinparticular,TorilBosoni,LauraCozzi,DanDorner,PaoloFrankl,TimGould,TimurGül,DennisHesselingandNickJohnstone.
PAGE|4
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Acknowledgements
Thisyear’smarketreportbenefitedfromaspecialanalysisconductedbyEMScolleaguesJoelCouseandLouisChambeaudrawingonfuelreportsfromacrossthedirectorate.ParticularthanksgotoCarlosFernandezAlvarez,HeymiBahar,ErenCam,PabloHevia-Koch,GergelyMolnar,andaswellasDavideD’Ambrosio,CiaránHealy,JulianKeutz,ArneLilienkampandDavidMartin.
DataandanalysisfromtheIEAEnergyDataCentrewasfundamentaltothereport,particularlyfromRobertaQuadrelli,AlexandreBizeul,PedroCarvalho,ThomasElghozi,JuhaKöykkä,DomenicoLattanzio,ArnauRisquezMartinandPouyaTaghavi-Moharamli.
AnalysisandinputfromtheIEAWorldEnergyOutlook,TrackingCleanEnergyProgress,WorldEnergyInvestment,EnergyEfficiencyHub,EnergyTechnologyPerspectivesandSustainableRecoveryTrackerteamswasessentialtothiswork.ParticularthanksgotoBlandineBarreau,ElizabethConnelly,DanielCrow,ChiaraDelmastro,TanguyDeBienassis,AraceliFernandezPales,MathildeHuismans,MartinKueppers,ShaneMcDonagh,YannickMonschauer,RafaelMartinezGordon,ApostolosPetropoulos,ArthurRoge,JonathanSinton,LeonieStaas,TiffanyVass,AnthonyVautrinandDanielWetzel.
ThereportwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportofJethroMullen,ActingHeadoftheCommunicationsandDigitalOffice(CDO),andhisteamwhowereresponsibleforproductionandlaunchsupport,especiallyPoeliBojorquez,CurtisBrainard,AstridDumond,ZacharyEgan,ThereseWalshandWonJikYang.
ThereportwasmadepossiblebyassistancefromtheMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,Japan.TheItalianMinistryofEnvironmentandEnergySecurityisalsogratefullyacknowledgedfortheirsupportthroughtheircontributionstotheIEA’sDigitalDemandDrivenElectricityNetworks(3DEN)initiative.
Peerreviewers
Manyseniorgovernmentofficialsandinternationalexpertsprovidedinputandreviewedpreliminarydraftsofthereport.Theirsuggestionswereofgreatvalue.Theyinclude:
AlfaLaval MadeleineGilborne
AllianceforanEnergyEfficientEconomy SatishKumar
(AEEE)
AmericanCouncilforanEnergy-Efficient SteveNadel
Economy
AppliedEnergy NickMeeten
ASEAN RikaSafrina
AsianDevelopmentBank DavidMorgado
Asia-PacificESCOIndustryAlliance AlexAblaza
AustralianAllianceforEnergy JarrodLeak
Productivity(A2EP)
PAGE|5
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Acknowledgements
ChinaNationalInstituteof PengchengLi
Standardisation
CLASP MattMalinowski
ChristineEgan
ClimateStrategy&Partners PeterSweatman
Danfoss SaraVadSørensen
EcoHomes WinifredAtanga
Economic&HumanDimensions SkipLaitner
ResearchAssociates
EnelX VitoriaDelicadoMontoya
EmanuelaSartori
EnergyEfficiency&Conservation BrianFitzgerald
Authority,NewZealand
EnergyEfficiencyCouncil,Australia JeremySung
EnergyEfficiencyMovement,ABB MikeUmiker
EnergyinDemand RodJanssen
EnergyPro StevenFawkes
Engie FlorenceDufour
EuropeanHeatPumpAssociation ThomasNowak
EuropeanTransportandEnergy PierpaoloCazzola
ResearchCentreofITS,UCDavis
FraunhoferInstituteforSystemsand WolfgangEichhammer
Innovation
GhanaEnergyCommission AdolfNiiAshong
GIZ LilianaCampos
GovernmentofAustria ThomasDeuts
GovernmentofNorway TomAndreasMathiasson
GovernmentofSpain MarBlazquez
GovernmentofTürkiye BarışSanlı
IDAE,Spain MarisaOlano
Independentconsultants PaduS.Padmanabhan
JacobTeter
KevinLane
InstituteofEnergyEconomics,Japan KoichiSasaki
METI,Japan HarutoShinoda
MinistryofEconomicAffairs&Climate JosephineRis
Policy,TheNetherlands JeltedeJong
MinistryofEconomicAffairsand TimoRitonummi
Employment,Finland
Mitsui&Co.GlobalStrategicStudies TakashiHongo
Institute
NaturalResourcesCanada OfficeofEnergyEfficiency
Openexp YaminaSaheb
OregonDepartmentofEnergy EdithBayer
RegulatoryAssistanceProject JanRosenow
RéseaudeTransportd’Électricité(RTE),BiankaShoai-TehraniFrance
RMITUniversity AlanPears
RockyMountainInstitute AmoryLovins
SchneiderElectric VincentMinier
PAGE|6
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Acknowledgements
Signify HarryVerhaar
SwedishEnergyAgency CarlosLopez
TheInstituteofEnergyEconomics NaokoDoi
UKDepartmentforEnergySecurity& DanielWeaver
NetZero
UNIDOYouthAdvisor MelissaTomassini
UniversityCollegeLondonEnergy DavidShipworth
Institute
UniversityCollegeofLondon LynnetteDray
UNOPS JohnRobertCotton
WorldBank AshokSarkar
PAGE|7
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Tableofcontents
Tableofcontents
Executivesummary
9
Chapter1.Energyefficiencyanddemandtrends
16
Energyintensityanddemand
16
Energypricesandaffordability
29
Chapter2.Sectortrendsinenergyefficiency
35
Overview
35
Transport
37
Industry
45
Buildings
51
Electrificationandsystemlevelefficiency
56
Chapter3.Financeandemployment
62
Efficiencyinvestmenttrends
62
Propertyassessedcleanenergyfinancing
70
Energyefficiencyemployment
72
Chapter4.Energyefficiencypolicyprogressupdates
75
Internationaldevelopments
75
Nationalandregionaldevelopments
76
Regulationsandstandards
82
Behaviourchange
85
Energyefficiencyobligationschemes
88
Chapter5.Keyissuesforgovernments
90
Whyisenergyintensityprogresslowerin2023despitesignificantpolicyaction?
90
Whatdoesdoublingglobalprogressonenergyefficiencyentail?
96
Howdoesthehottestyearonrecorddriveurgencyforefficiencymeasures?
102
Howareconsumersbenefitingfromsystemefficiency?
107
Hastheenergycrisisacceleratedtheshiftawayfromgasinresidentialspaceheating?.113
CanefficientcoolinghelpmanagefastrisingelectricitydemandinIndiaandachieve
thermalcomfortforall?
119
PAGE|8
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Executivesummary
Efficiencypolicymomentumbuilds,butglobalenergyintensityprogressslows
Energyefficiencyiscurrentlyseeingastrongglobalfocusamongpolicymakersinrecognitionofitsimportantroleinenhancingenergysecurityandaffordability,andinacceleratingcleanenergytransitions.Thiscomes,however,astheestimated2023rateofprogressinenergyintensity–themainmetricusedfortheenergyefficiencyoftheglobaleconomy–issettofallbacktobelowlonger-termtrends,to1.3%fromastronger2%lastyear.Thelowerenergyintensityimprovementratelargelyreflectsanincreaseinenergydemandof1.7%in2023,comparedwith1.3%ayearago.
Annualprimaryenergyintensityimprovement,2001-2022,2023E,andbyscenario,2022-2030
Primaryenergyintensityimprovement
5%
x2improvement
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
2001-102011-20
2021
2022
2023E
2022-30
2022-30
2022-30
STEPS
APS
NZE
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Note:STEPS=StatedPoliciesScenario;APS=AnnouncedPledgesScenario;andNZE=NetZeroEmissionsby2050Scenario.
Atthesame,thisyear’sslowerprogressinglobalenergyintensitymasksexceptionalgainsinsomecountriesandregions,wherestrongpolicyaction,increasedinvestmentsandconsumerbehaviourchangesledtosharpimprovementswellabovetheaverageglobalrate.ThisyeartheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStates,amongmanyotherssincethebeginningoftheenergycrisis,includingKorea,TürkiyeandtheUnitedKingdom,haveregisteredrobustimprovementsrangingfrom4%to14%.
PAGE|9
IEA.CCBY4.0.
In2023,globalmomentumtotargetadoublingintherateofefficiencyprogressto4%gatheredpace,whichcouldcuttoday’senergybillsinadvancedcountriesbyone-thirdandmakeup50%ofCO2reductionsby2030.InJune,46governmentsparticipatingintheIEA’s8thAnnualGlobalConferenceonEnergyEfficiencyendorsedthe‘VersaillesStatement:Thecrucialdecadeforenergyefficiency’,agreeingtostrengthenenergyefficiencyactionsinlinewithadoublingofglobalenergyintensityprogresseachyearthisdecadeto2030.
Policyactionistranslatingintoinvestmentanddeployment
Theenergycrisishasunambiguouslyacceleratedtheenergytransition,withenergyefficiencypolicyactionacentralplankofgovernmentinitiatives.
Sincethestartoftheenergycrisisinearly2022therehasbeenamajorescalationinaction,withcountriesrepresenting70%ofglobalenergydemandintroducingorsignificantlystrengtheningefficiencypolicypackages.Annualenergyefficiencyinvestmentisup45%since2020,withparticularlystronggrowthinelectricvehiclesandheatpumps.Almostoneineveryfivecarssoldtodayisanelectricvehicleandgrowthinglobalheatpumpsalesisnowoutpacinggasboilersinmanymarkets.
Globalenergyusecoverageofminimumperformancestandardsformajorenduses,2000-2023
Energyconsumptioncovered(%)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
2000
2010
2023E
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Note:Coverageforspacecooling,spaceheating,waterheating,refrigerationandlightingisshownforresidentialsectors.
Sources:IEAanalysisbasedontheIEAPoliciesandmeasures(PAMS)database,CLASPPolicyResourceCenter.
AccordingtotheIEA’sGovernmentEnergySpendingTracker,since2020almostUSD700billionhasbeenspentonenergyefficiencyinvestmentsupport,with70%ofthisinjustfivecountries:theUnitedStates,Italy,Germany,NorwayandFrance.
PAGE|10
IEA.CCBY4.0.
TheInflationReductionActof2022intheUnitedStatesincludesUSD86billionforenergyefficiencyactions,whiletheEuropeanUnionhasstrengtheneditsEnergyEfficiencyDirectivetocurbenergydemand.
However,theimpactofnewgovernmentpolicies,regulationsandenergysavingprogrammes,coupledwithanunprecedentedlevelofinvestmentstoscaleupmoreefficienttechnologies,arenotalwaysimmediate,withefficiencygainsandenergyintensityprogressrealisedoveraperiodofyears.Moreover,thisyear’soverallglobalintensityprogressmasksmoresignificantgainsinsomecountriesandregionsasotherssawmuchlowerprogress.
Afteranenergyintensityimprovementof8%intheEuropeanUnionin2022,anotherexceptionallyhighyearisexpectedin2023,witha5%gaininprogress.TheUnitedStatesisalsoontracktoposta4%improvementin2023.
Astrongpost-pandemicresurgenceinChina’seconomicgrowthofaround5%isforecastin2023,alongwithasimilarreboundinenergydemand.Thesepreliminaryestimatesfor2023suggestthattheoveralllevelofenergyintensityinChinaisnotexpectedtochangethisyear.Ittakes40%moreenergytofuelGDPinChinathanintheUnitedStates,andalmostdoubletheenergytofuelthesamegrowthasintheEuropeanUnion.Thisshiftinthebalanceofeconomicactivity,alongwithaslowingofthecountry’senergyintensityimprovementalongwiththatofsomeotherregionsthisyear,helpsexplaintheslowdowninglobalenergyintensityprogressin2023.
Thedeploymentofefficienttechnologiesiscurbingenergydemandandheraldingthepeakingoffossilfuels
Inthefirsthalfof2023,heatpumpsaleswereup75%,comparedtothesameperiodayearago,inGermany,theNetherlandsandSwedencombined.Anelectricvehicleorheatpumpnotonlyshiftsenergyusetoelectricitythatisincreasinglycomingfromcleanenergysourcesbutalsousesmuchlessfinalenergythanaconventionalcarorgasboilertodothesamejob.Consumersnowhavebetterchoiceswhenrenovatingtheirhomesorbuyinganewvehicle.Thesechoicesarestartingtoopenupopportunitiesfornewlevelsofenergyefficiency.
Forexample,globalsalesofgasolineanddieselcars,two-andthree-wheelers,andtruckspeakedin2017,2018and2019,respectively.Thismeansglobalgasolinedemand–whichismainlyusedbypassengercars–isexpectedtopeakandstabilisein2023ataround27mb/d.Atthecountrylevel,93outof146countriesrepresenting60%oftotalgasolineconsumptionhaveseendemandalreadypeak,plateauordecline.Thispatternisexpectedtoculminateinroadtransportasawhole,whichincludesdiesel-fuelledvehicles,suchastrucksandbuses,peakingataround45mb/din2025.
PAGE|11
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Peakingofresidentialgasandgasolinedemands
Numberofcountries
Residentialgasdemand(2007-2021)
Gasolinedemand(2007-2023)
50
100%100
100%
40
80%
80
80%
30
60%
60
60%
20
40%
40
40%
10
20%
20
20%
0
0%
0
0%
Declineorplateau
Increasingdemand
DeclineorplateauIncreasingdemand
indemand
indemand
Numberofcountries(leftaxis)
Shareoftotaldemandin%(rightaxis)
Shareoftotaldemand
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Sources:IEA(2023),WorldEnergyBalances,accessedOctober2023;IEA(2023),Oil2023:AnalysisandForecastto2028.
Lookingatthemajorheatingcountriesaroundtheworld,residentialgasdemandhasalreadypeaked,plateaued,orisdecliningin34outofatotalof78countriesrepresentinghalfofalldemand.InEurope,residentialandcommercialgasdemanddroppedmorethan15%in2022comparedtotheyearbefore,undergreatpressureasaresultofhigherpricesfollowingRussia’sinvasionofUkraine.While40%ofthisdeclinecanbeattributedtotherelativelymildwinterlastyear,morethanhalfwasthroughvariousgas-savingmeasures,althoughthisincludesdemanddestructionaswellasefficiencygains.
Thisshifttoelectrificationoftransportandheatingcomesatthesametimeasrenewableenergyistakingonarapidlyincreasingshareofelectricityproduction.Thisisseeingtheroleofenergyefficiencyevolvingfromaconsiderationofend-usealonetoaconvergenceofoveralluse,demandflexibility,andoptimiseduseofvariablerenewableresources.Inelectricitysystemswithhigherlevelsofvariablerenewablepenetration,earlyevidencesuggeststhatsuchsystemsthinkingcandeliverenergybillsavingsofuptoathird.
Theworldisseeingrecordhottemperatures,boostingtheneedforcoolingandloweringtheneedforheating
In2023theworldalsoexperienceditshottestyearonrecord,threateningtotriggeraviciouscycleofbothhigherelectricityuseandcarbonemissions.Heatwavescanalsoworsenhealthdisparities,reduceproductivity,raiseelectricitycosts,disruptessentialservices,anddrivemigration.Extremeheatputsstrainson
PAGE|12
IEA.CCBY4.0.
electricitysystems,requiringsubstantialinvestmentsingridinfrastructureandpowergenerationwhileburdeningconsumerswithhighcoolingcosts,especiallyforthemostvulnerable.
Datashowsextremeheatdrivesincreaseddemandforairconditioners,withsustainedaveragedailytemperaturesof30°Cboostingweeklysalesby16%inChina,forexample.DuringtheMaytoSeptemberglobalheatwavethisyear,peoplewerelookingonlineforairconditionersmorethanever,withthesearchterm'srelativepopularityonGoogleupmorethan30%worldwidecomparedwiththehistoricalaveragelevelofsearchesforthosemonths.
Highertemperaturesalsohavedifferentimpactsonelectricitydemandonaregionalbasis.Forexample,IEAanalysisshowsthatevery1°Cincreaseintheaveragedailytemperatureabove24°Cdrivesariseofabout4%inelectricitydemandinTexas,whileinIndia,whereairconditionerownershipislower,thesametemperatureincreasedrivesa2%rise.
BetweenMayandSeptemberin2023,powergridshitrecordlevelsofpeakdemandinmanyofthelargestcountriesintheworld,includingChina,theUnitedStates,India,Brazil,Canada,Thailand,MalaysiaandColombia–togetheraccountingformorethan60%oftotalglobalelectricitydemand.Insomeregions,suchasintheMiddleEastandpartsoftheUnitedStates,spacecoolingcanrepresentmorethan70%ofpeakresidentialdemandonhotdays.
Amilderwinter,thesecondwarmestonrecordinEurope,alsocontributedtoreducedenergydemand,helpingimprovethisyear’senergyintensityresultsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.
Doublingefficiencyprogresscouldcutenergybillsbyone-thirdandmakeup50%ofCO2reductionsby2030
Asmomentumbuildsaroundtheglobaltargettodoubleefficiencyprogressfromthe2022levelof2%to4%eachyearuntil2030,internationalefforts,includingthoseatCOP28,haveamajorroletoplayinshapingfutureenergyefficiencyanddemandpathways.
Whiledoublingtherateofglobalenergyintensityprogressisachallengingtarget,itisnotanunprecedentedlevelofprogress.Inthepasttenyears,90%ofcountrieshaveachievedthe4%rateatleastonce,andhalfhavedonesoatleastthreetimes.However,onlyfourG20countries–China,France,theUnitedKingdomandIndonesia–havedonesooveracontinuous5-yearperiodwithinthelastdecade,thoughseveralothershavecomeclose.
Inmostsectors,governmentscanmakerapidprogresstowardsdoublingbybuildinguponbestpracticeinexistingpoliciesandacceleratingthedeploymentofalready-availabletechnologies.Forexample,lightingstandardsintheEuropean
PAGE|13
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Union,India,Japan,SouthAfricaandtheUnitedKingdomarealreadyatorexceedthelevelsetoutintheNZEScenario.Similarly,allindustrialelectricmotorswithinacertainoutputrangesoldintheEuropeanUnion,Japan,Switzerland,TürkiyeandtheUnitedKingdommustadheretotheefficiencyclassseenintheNZEScenario.Similarcasescanbefoundforbuildingregulations,andvehiclestandardsimprovementssettocomeintoforceby2030.
Proportionofcountriestosurpassa4%annualenergyintensityimprovementoneormoretimesbetween2012and2021
Proportionofcountries
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Atleastonce
Atleasttwice
Atleastthreetimes
Atleastfourtimes
Atleastfivetimes
in10years
in10years
in10years
in10years
in10years
Note:150countries.
Sources:IEA(2023),Aglobaltargettodoubleefficiencyprogressisessentialtokeepnetzeroonthetable,
Comparedtoahigherenergydemandscenariowitharound2%annualenergyintensityprogresseachyearthisdecade,doublingto4%peryearwouldreduceCO2emissionsby7GtCO2–or20%ofcurrenttotalemissions,takingtheshareofenergyefficiencyandrelatedmeasurestohalfofallemissionsreductionsthisdecade.Itwouldalsocuttoday’senergybillsinadvancedeconomiesbyaroundone-third.Achievingthedoublingtargetwouldalsosee4.5millionmorejobsthantodayinenergyefficiencyacrossthemanufacturing,buildingrenovation,construction,industryandtransportsectors.
Thesebenefitsonlyhighlightthatnowisnotthetimetopauseonenergyefficiencyactionbutthetimetofurtherexploitefficiency’spotentialtoaddressthemultipleintersectingcrisesofenergy,climateandcostofliving.
PAGE|14
IEA.CCBY4.0.
PAGE|15
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Chapter1.Energyefficiencyanddemandtrends
Chapter1.Energyefficiencyanddemandtrends
Energyintensityanddemand
Efficiencypolicyactionsrapidlyincrease,butglobalenergyintensityprogressslowsamidmyriadfactors
In2023,focushasremainedsteadfastontheimportanceofenergyefficiencyforacceleratingcleanenergytransitions,reducingenergycosts,andenhancingenergysecurity.However,globalenergyintensityprogress–orthereductioninenergyintensityoftheglobaleconomy–isexpectedtoslow,afteracceleratingbyabout2%in2022,andfallingtoslowerlevelsofaround1.3%in2023.EnergyintensityisdefinedastheamountofprimaryenergyusedtoproduceagivenamountofeconomicoutputorGDP,andisthemainglobalindicatortotrackprogressofenergyefficiency.
Annualprimaryenergyintensityimprovement,2001-2022,2023E,andbyscenario,2022-2030
Primaryenergyintensityimprovement
5%
x2improvement
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
2001-102011-20
2021
2022
2023E
2022-30
2022-30
2022-30
STEPS
APS
NZE
IEA.CCBY4.0.
Notes:STEPS=StatedPoliciesScenario;APS=AnnouncedPledgesScenario;andNZE=NetZeroEmissionsby2050Scenario.Asanindicativerange,aGDPgrowthof3%withcurrentlyexpectedenergydemandgrowthofbetween2%and1%wouldyieldenergyintensityimprovementofbetween1%and2%,respectively.
Despitethisyear’sslowerglobalprogress,itisimportanttorecognisethattheenergycrisishasunequivocallyacceleratedtheenergytransitionandefficiencygainsinmanymarkets.Theimpactofnewpoliciesandtechnologiesarenot
PAGE|16
IEA.CCBY4.0.
EnergyEfficiency2023 Chapter1.Energyefficiencyanddemandtrends
alwaysimmediate,withefficiencygainsandenergyintensityprogressrealisedoveraperiodyears.ThisisespeciallytrueinEurope,aswellasothercountriesandregions,wheregovernmentshaverecentlyintroducedsweepingnewpolicies,regulationsandincentivestocurbenergydemandwhileconsumersandbusinessescontinuetoimplementenergysavingmeasuresinresponsetosharplyhighercosts.
Whiletheenergycrisishascausedsignificanthardshipforhouseholdsandeconomiclossforbusinesses–especiallythosedependentonnatural
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024-2030年中国家用洗地机市场需求预测分析与营销发展创新性报告
- 2024-2030年中国家居用品行业深度调研及投资前景预测研究报告
- 2024-2030年中国室内照明产业发展现状调研与前景趋势洞察报告
- 氟哌酸在重症感染中的应用
- 2024-2030年中国安全气垫行业运营态势与发展前景预测报告
- 2024-2030年中国学校信息管理系统行业发展动态与应用趋势预测报告
- 2024-2030年中国婴幼儿辅食行业发展趋势与投资战略研究报告
- 2024-2030年中国婴儿服装行业发展分析及投资价值预测研究报告
- 2024-2030年中国妇科十味片行业竞争策略及未来销售渠道研究报告
- 2024-2030年中国女童休闲服装行业发展趋势及发展前景研究报告
- 德勤测评能力测试题及答案
- 铁路少年-练习及答案
- 常用的镇痛药物介绍
- 诗文诵读比赛校长讲话稿
- 医学带教指导业绩
- 2024年PEP英语三年级上册全英文教案
- 无违规行为记录个人承诺书
- 幼儿园大班科学课件:《植物的生长》
- 八大特殊作业安全管理要求课件
- 煮水壶营销方案
- 社区治理现代化课件
评论
0/150
提交评论