北京市平谷区2022-2023学年高三年级下册一模英语试题(解析版)

北京市平谷区2022-2023学年高三下一模

英语试题

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题海小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Oneday,whilehomelessJohnwasaskingformoney,hemetawomannamedGladys

Kamande.Shehadcollapsedlungsthatgavehershortnessofbreathandshe]reliedon

somemedicalinstrumentstobreathe.Notonlythat,shehad212surgeries,oneofwhich

causedhertogoblind.

Afterknowinghersituation,John,seyes3withtears.Then,despitenothavingthe

resourcestosupporthimself,Johnfoundhisownwaytohelpher.He4intohispocket

andgaveherwhatlittlemoneyhehad.Atthattime,Johnhadnoideajusthow5hewas!

ApasserbynamedNjogu6thewholeprocess.4ςIaskedhimwhyhedecidedtogive

theonlymoneyhehad,“Njogusaid."Hetoldmeheoptedtogivebecauseevenifhesufferedthe

same,otherswouldsupporthim."Struckbywhatthelittleboydid,Njogusharedstoriesand

photosoftheheartwarming7onsocialmedia.

Soon,John,sstoryspreadacrosssocialmediaandgenerousstrangersfromallaroundthe

worldbegandonatingmoneyinanefforttohelp.Infact,enoughwasraisedto8the

treatmentGladysneededinIndia.

Butthat,snotwherethegoodnewsends.John,ssimple9helpedhimgetintoa

children,shome.Finally,thissweetboywasadopted,givinghimafamily.

JohnandGladyswerebothabletogetthehelpandthebondtheyformedthatcrucialday

continueson.Itjustgoestoshowthatalittle10cangoalongway!

1.A.randomlyB.seldomC.occasionallyD.constantly

2.A.cutthroughB.gonethroughC.checkedonD.gotaway

3.A.welledB.movedC.weptD.cried

4.A.touchedB.pickedC.reachedD.grabbed

5.A.talentedB.proudC.specialD.right

6.A.witnessedB.confirmedC.monitoredD.sought

7.A.spotB.momentC.guidanceD.works

8.A.spareB.adjustC.coverD.pack

9.A.strategyB.habitC.predictionD.interaction

10.A.kindnessB.courageC.determinationD.passion

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。流浪儿约翰为了帮助重病缠身的格拉迪斯・卡曼德捐出

了自己仅有的钱，目睹了这一切的路人Njogu在社交媒体上分享了这一感人时刻的故事和照

片，这引起了全世界许多好心人的关注，筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度所需的治疗费

用，约翰也被收养，有了一个家。

K答案H1.D2.B3.A4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D

10.A

1.K解析Z考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的肺萎陷导致呼吸急促，她总是依靠一些医

疗器械来呼吸。A.randomly随机地；B.seldom很少;C.occasionally偶尔；D.constantly总

是。根据“ShehadcollapsedlungsthatgavehershortnessOfbreath”可知,此处是指她总是依靠

一些医疗器械来呼吸。故选D。

2.K解析》考查动词短语辨析。句意：不仅如此，她还经历了12次手术，其中一次导

致她失明。A.cutthrough刺穿；B.gonethrough经历；C.checkedon检查；D.gotaway离开。

根据"oneofwhichcausedhertogoblind”可知，此处指她还经历了12次手术。故选B。

3.[[解析2考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道她的处境后，约翰热泪盈眶。A.welled（液

体）流出，涌出;B.moved移动;C.WePt哭泣，流泪；D.cried哭喊。根据“withtears”可知，

此处是指约翰热泪盈眶。故选A。

4.K解析Il考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把手伸进口袋，把仅有的一点钱给了她。A.

touched触碰；B.picked采，摘；C.reached1Ψ,伸手；D.grabbed攫取，抓住。根据“intohis

POCket”可知，此处是指他把手伸进口袋。故选C。

5.K解析》考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个时候，约翰不知道他是多么正确！A.

talented有天赋的;B.proud骄傲的;C.special特殊的;D.right正确的。根据前文“andgave

herwhatlittlemoneyhehad,,∏Γ⅛J＞此处是指约翰不知道他是多么正确。故选D。

6.K解析》考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫Njogu的路人见证了整个过程。A.

witnessed见证；B.confirmed证实；C.monitored监视；D.sought寻找。根据后文“Iaskedhim

whyhedecidedtogivetheonlymoneyhehad（我问他为什么决定捐出他仅有的一点钱）”可知，

此处是指一位名叫Njogu的路人见证了整个过程。故选A0

7.K解析》考查名词词义辨析。句意：Njogu在社交媒体上分享了这一感人时刻的故

事和照片。A.spot地点；B.moment时刻；C.guidance指南；D.works工作。根据"Njogushared

StOrieSandPhOtoS”可知，此处是指这一感人时刻的故事和照片。故选B。

8.K解析Il考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度

所需的治疗费用。A.spare抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等）；B.adjust调整；C.cover足够支付；

D.pack打包。根据"enoughwasraised”可知，此处是指筹集的资金足以支付格拉迪斯在印度

所需的治疗费用。故选C。

9.K解析H考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰简单的互动帮助他进入了一个儿童之家。

A.strategy策略；B.habit习惯；C.prediction预言之事,预报之事；D.interaction互动。根

据前文“Then,despitenothavingtheresourcestosupporthimself,Johnfoundhisownwayto

helpher.（然后，尽管没有资源养活自己，约翰还是找到了自己的方法来帮助她）”可知，此处

是指约翰简单的互动。故选D。

10.K解析》考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是表明，一点善意可以走很长的路！A.

kindness善意；B.courage勇气;C.determination决心:D.passion激情。根据前文“Then,despite

nothavingtheresourcestosupporthimself,Johnfoundhisownwaytohelpher.（然后，尽管没有

资源养活自己，约翰还是找到了自己的方法来帮助她）”可知，此处是指一点善意可以走很长

的路。故选A。

第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给K提示』词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单

词，在给出《提示》词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ElleGianelliwantedtoputasmileonthefacesoftheseniorswho11（live）in

nursinghomes.Soshefoundacreativewaytodothat.Bornoutofherloveforwearingsilly

socksonthegolfcourse,ElleGianellilaunchedSocks4Seniors,12（raise）moneyvia

GoFundMe.When13（ask）whatthemoneywasfor,sheexplaineditwouldbeusedto

purchasebright,patternedsocksandthoughtfulnotesforallseniorsinassistedlivingfacilitiesin

thecountry.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ElleGianeni为了改善养老院老年人的生活

做出的努力。

K答案U11.lived##wereliving12.raising13.asked

H.R解析』考查一般过去时或过去进行时。句意：ElleGianeni想让住在养老院的老

年人脸上露出笑容。根据"ElleGianelliwantedtoputasmileonthefacesoftheSeniOrs''可知，

此处应用一般过去时。也可以理解为正在住在养老院的状态，所以也可用过去进行时，主语

WhO代指先行词SeniOrs,为复数。故填IiVed/wereliving。

12.R解析Il考查现在分词。句意：由于喜欢在高尔夫球场上穿傻傻的袜子，ElleGianelli

创立了Socks4Seniors,并通过GoFUndMe网站筹集资金。动词raise意为“筹集"，和谓语之

间没有连词，和主语ElIeGianelIi构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填raising。

13.R解析H考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及这笔钱的用途时，她解释说，这笔

钱将用于为该国所有生活在辅助生活设施中的老年人购买明亮的图案袜子和贴心的便条。在

when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语相同时，可以省略从句的主语和系动

词。动词ask意为“询问”，和主语构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填asked。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给K提示』词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单

词，在给出K提示力词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ScientistsinAustraliahavebuiltanewbatteryusingsodium-sulphur,atypeofsaltfromsea

water.Thebatterycanstorefourtimesmoreenergythanastandardlithiumbatteryandwouldbe

cheaptomake14seasaltiswidelyavailable.Itisalsobetterfortheenvironmentthan

otherbatteries_15useraremetals(suchaslithium).Sea-saltbatterieshavebeenmade

beforebutthisiseasilythebestmodelsofar.Theteamwillcontinueworkingontheideabefore

thiskindofthebatteries16(go)onsale.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的科学家利用海水中的一种盐——硫酸钠制造

了一种新的电池。文章主要介绍了这种电池的好处。

K答案』14.as##because15.which16.goes

14.K解析』考查连词。句意：这种电池可以储存比标准锂电池多四倍的能量，而且由

于海盐的广泛使用，制造成本较低。空处引导状语从句，表示原因，应用as/because引导原

因状语从句，故填as/because。

15.K解析》考查定语从句。句意：它也比其他使用稀有金属(如锂)的电池更环保。

空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Otherbatteries,指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主

语，应用WhiCh来引导,故填WhiCh。

16.K解析Il考查时态。句意：在这种电池上市销售之前，这个团队将继续研究这个想

法。此处在before引导的状语从句中作谓语，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示

将来，主语thiskindofthebatteries,为单数，且和主语go是主动关系，应用go的第三人称

单数形式，故填goes。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给K提示n词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单

词，在给出K提示』词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Now,atHailangRiverinnortheastChina,sHeiIongjiangProvince,dozensofChinese

merganserducksarepreparingtomigratesouth.Chinesemerganserduckisan

17(danger)speciesunderclass-onestateprotection.Inrecentyears,theprovincehas

beefedupmeasures18(restore)forests,wetlandsandotherecosystems.Chinahas

established49naturereserves19atotalareaof2,561,300hectares.Thankstothese

efforts,thelocalpopulationofChinesemergansers20(grow)fromaroundadozento

nearly100overthepastfewyears.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国家一级保护濒危物种秋沙鸭的保护现状。

K答案117.endangered18.torestore19.with20.hasgrown

17.K解析》考查形容词。句意：秋沙鸭是国家一级保护的濒危物种。根据"underclass-one

stateProteCtiorr可知，此处是指秋沙鸭是濒危物种，所以应用形容词endangered表示“濒危

的“作定语。故填endangered。

18.K解析Il考查动词不定式。句意：近年来，该省加强了恢复森林、湿地和其他生态

系统的措施。measure意为“措施”，为抽象名词，所以应用todo不定式作后置定语。故填to

restoreo

19.K解析力考查介词。句意：中国已建立自然保护区49个，总面积256.13万公顷。

根据"Chinahasestablished49naturereserves”和"atotalareaof2,561,300hectares”可知，止匕处

是指“带有，具有"，所以应用介词With。故填With。

20.K解析』考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：由于这些努力，在过去的几年里，当

地的中国秋沙鸭的数量已经从十几只左右增加到近100只。根据“overthepastfewyears”可

知，此处应用现在完成时。主语POPUEion为第三人称单数。故填hasgrown。

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑。

A

Enjoythefamily-friendlyadventureatDinoParkinMyrtleBeach!Thisexcitingmuseum

givesgueststhechancetocomeface-to-facewithlife-sizeddinos!Thesebeastshaveavast

histoιythatwillsparkimaginationandallowvisitorsofallagestoenjoyeducationalfun.

Duringyourself-guidedadventurethroughDinoPark,youwillbetreatedtoup-closeviews

atdazzlinganimatronics（电子动画）ofyourfavoritescalydinosaurs.Therearemorethan20

life-sizeddinosaurstodiscover.Alongtheway,youwillbeabletolearnaboutsomeawesome

dinofactsandgetyourfillofprehistoricfun!

Additionally,visitorswillbeabletoenjoyCGIfootagethatgivesaglimpseintothelivesof

thedinos.Itistheperfectwaytolearnallaboutthedinosaursthroughinterestingfactsand

hands-onactivities.Throughoutthemuseumarevariousfactsaboutthedinosaursdisplayedon

informativeandcolorfulposters.

DinoParkactivities

DinoExplorePit:ThekidswillhaveablastdivingintotheDinoExplorePit!Thisballpit

features100,000ballsofferingtonsofroomtobouncearound.Itisafunattractionforallagesto

enjoy.

DigaDinoFossil:Becomeareal-lifearchaeologistasyouputyourdiggingskillstothetest!

Lookoutforsomeawesomefossilsasyousearchforthenextgreatestdinosaurdiscovery.

RideaTyrannosaurus:Thisfunanimatronicrideisperfectforkidswhowanttoexperience

somethrillingfun!Climbaboardforanaction-packedridethatyouwon,tsoonforget.

PlayArea:Kidswillenjoyburningoffsomeextraenergyattheplaygroundarea.The

playgroundfeaturesdino-themedpuzzlefloors,brightpicturesonthewalls,andplayequipment

featuringaslideanddinosaurstheycanclimbon.

So,whetheryouarealongtimedinosaurloverorwanttobringthekidstoseesomemoving

dinoparkexhibits,youaresuretohaveagreattimehere!

21.AtDinoPark,visitors.

A.canfeelthejoyofprehistorictimes

B.willbetaughtanimatronicsfacetoface

C.willbeabletofindtheperfectwaytoseeCGIfilm

D.canparticipateinhands-onpostermakingactivities

22.Whichofthefollowingwillremainfreshinthemindsofkids?

A.DinoExplorePit.B.DigaDinoFossil.

C.RideaTyrannosaurus.D.PlayArea.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroduceavarietyoflife-sizeddinosaurs.

B.Torecommendamuseumwitheducationalfun.

C.TocomparethedifferentactivitiesattheDinoPark.

D.Toprovidearchaeologistswithsomecluesaboutdinosaurs.

【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章对默特尔海滩的迪诺公园进行了介绍。

K答案H21.A22.C23.B

21.K解析Il细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Alongtheway,youwillbeabletoIeam

aboutsomeawesomedinofactsandgetyourfillofprehistoricfun!（在此过程中，您将能够了解

一些令人敬畏的恐龙事实，并获得史前乐趣！）”可知，在Dino公园，游客可以感受到史前

时代的欢乐。故选A。

22.K解析U细节理解题。根据第六段RideaTyrannosaurus最后一句"Climbaboardforan

action-packedridethatyouwon,tsoonforget.（登上这趟惊险刺激的旅程，你不会很快忘记。）“

可知，“骑暴龙”会让孩子们记忆犹新。故选C。

23.K解析》推理判断题。根据第一段“Enjoythefamily-friendlyadventureatDinoParkin

MyrtleBeach!Thisexcitingmuseumgivesgueststhechancetocomeface-to-facewithlife-sized

dinos!Thesebeastshaveavasthistorythatwillsparkimaginationandallowvisitorsofallagesto

enjoyeducationalfun.（在默特尔海滩的迪诺公园享受适合家庭的冒险吧！这个令人兴奋的博

物馆让游客有机会与真人大小的恐龙面对面！这些动物有着丰富的历史，将激发想象力，让

所有年龄段的游客都能享受教育的乐趣。）“可知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一个具有教育意义

的博物馆。故选B。

B

AndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.

Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded（嵌入）in

herlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.44Astheygaveme

themedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,nsaysthenow

52-year-old.

In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbecomingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyas

fillfillingassheimagineditwouldbe,exceptforonething;shestillhadn,tseenanotherwomanin

herrole—notinamagazine,notontelevision,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoung

womenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.

TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive（沉浸式的）programforgirlsaged15to19who

wanttoIeammoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework,ɪn2006,Speranzawelcomed

thefirst17participants.Overthecourse,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirst

responders:learninghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaidandsoon.

CampCouragenownunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset（抵消）costs,

Speranzafundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestocomedynights.Campersmust

submitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.

Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstopto

launchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.

WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbecomefirstresponders,Speranza

alsohasanother,biggerobjectiveinmind:buildingleaders."Iftheycandeliveramechanical

babyorclimbahundred-fbotladder,they,renotgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajob

interview,,,saysSperanza.ς4It,sacompletechangeinmindset,anditworks.”

NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirst

respondersnow.Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlsto

savelivesalongsideherkeepshergoing.It,snotevenmeasurable.

24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobecomeafirefighter?

A.Herdreamnow.B.Achildhoodaccident.

C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters.D.Afirefιghter,sencouragement.

25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostartCampCourage?

A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.

B.Tocompleteanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.

C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.

D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.

26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?

A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.

B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.

C.Buildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.

D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.

B.Everynobleworkisatfirstimpossible.

C.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

D.Jointeffortisthekeytosolvingproblems.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了加拿大的一位女性消防员Andrea

Speranza,由于自己所在的领域女性很少，她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防和急

救人员。

K答案U24.B25.C26.D27.C

24.K解析》细节理解题。根据第一段中“Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstruction

siteendedwithanironnailembedded（嵌入）inherlegandanemergencycalltothefire

department,shefoundherselfinawe."Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,they

couldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,,,saysthenow52-year-old.（童年时，她在建筑工地经历

了一次冒险，结果腿上嵌了一颗铁钉，她给消防部门打了紧急电话，这让她感到敬畏。“当

他们给我治疗时，我想，他们可以帮助所有人，做任何事情，”现年52岁的她说）”可知，童

年的一次意外经历使她想成为一名消防员。故选B。

25.K解析1细节理解题。根据第二段中“SperanzadecidedtohelPyOUngWomenSeethat

they,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.（Speranza决定帮助年轻女性认识到，她们也可以拥有

像她一样的事业）”以及第三段中“TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive（沉浸式的）

programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paιamedicineand

POIiCeWOrk.（其结果就是“勇气营”，这是一个面向15至19岁的女孩的沉浸式项目，她们想

要了解更多关于消防、医疗护理和警察工作的知识）“可知，SPeranZa创办“勇气营”是帮助更

多的女性从事像她这样的工作。故选C。

26.K解析H细节理解题。根据第四段中“Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghow

theyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliveronthe

plan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKids

HeIPPhOne.（营员必须提交一篇短文，描述他们计划如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定

个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个

儿童帮助电话分会）”可知，营员们需要提交一份计划，然后付诸行动才能通过勇气营。故选

Do

27.K解析》推理判断题。根据第一段中“AndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlong

beforeshehadtherightwordforherWiSh.（早在找到合适的词来表达她的愿望之前，安德里

亚・斯佩兰萨就想成为一名消防员）”以及第二段中“In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamof

becomingafirefighter.（2000年，Speranza实现了成为一名消防员的梦想）”及全文可知，

SPeranZa不但通过努力实现了自己的梦想，并且她创办了“勇气营”，帮助很多女性成为消防

和急救人员。所以我们从文章中学到的是“心之所愿，无事不成。''故选C。

C

Askasmarthomedevicefortheweatherforecastandittakesseveralsecondsforthedevice

torespond.Thislatency（延时）occursasconnecteddevicesdon,thaveenoughmemoryorpower

tostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learningmodelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhat

auserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredinadatacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,

wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothedevice.

MITresearchershavecreatedanewmethodforcomputingdirectlyonthesedevices,which

drasticallyreducesthislatency.Theirtechniqueshiftsthestepsofrunningamachine-learning

modeltoacentralserverwherecomponentsofthemodelareencodedontolightwaves.The

wavesaresenttoaconnecteddeviceusingfiberoptics（纤维光学），whichenablestonsofdatato

besentlightning-fastthroughanetwork.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethat

rapidlyperformscomputationsusingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightwaves.

Thistechniqueleadstomorethanahundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhen

comparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalsoimprovesecurity,sinceauser,sdatadonotneedtobe

transferredtoacentrallocationforcomputation.Thismethodcouldenableaself-drivingcarto

makedecisionsinreal-timewhileusingjustatinypercentageoftheenergycurrentlyrequiredby

power-hungrycomputers.Itcouldalsoallowausertohavealatency-freeconversationwiththeir

smarthomedevice,beusedforlivevideoprocessing,orevenenablehigh-speedimage

classificationonaspacecraftmillionsofmilesfromEarth.

“Everytimeyouwanttorunaneuralnetwork,youhavetoruntheprogram,andhowfast

youcanruntheprogramdependsonhowfastyoucanpipetheprograminfrommemory.Ourpipe

ismassive-itcorrespondstosendingafullfeature-lengthmovieovertheinternetevery

millisecondorso.Thatishowfastdatacomesintooursystem.Anditcancomputeasfastasthat,“

saysprofessorDirkEngland.

Theneuralnetworkarchitectureinvolvesstoringweightsinacentralserverthatisconnected

toanovelpieceofhardwarecalledasmarttransceiver.Thissmarttransceiver,athumb-sized

ChiP（芯片），canreceiveandsenddata.Movingforward,theresearcherswanttoupdatethesmart

transceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterperformance.

28.What,stheparagraph1mainlyabout?

A.Thecauseofthelatency.

B.Theeffectofthelatency.

C.Theadvancedsmartdevice.

D.Themodelsstoredinadatacenter.

29.Howdoesthisnewmethodreducelatency?

A.Byimprovingthepartsofamodel.

B.Byusingopticstospeedupcomputations.

C.Bycomputingdirectlyinremotedatacenters.

D.Byinventinganewmachine-learningmodel.

30.Theauthormentionsaself-drivingcarto.

A.introducetheimpactofthelatency

B.explainhowdataisquicklycomputedinthissystem

C.demonstratethetechnique'senergysavingandsafety

D.highlighttheuser,ssatisfactionwithmodemtechnology

31.WhatcanWeinferfromthispassage?

A.Thenewtechniquewillbefurtherimproved.

B.Opticsneedstobedevelopedandusedurgently.

C.Thenewcomputingarchitectureisveryperfect.

D.Thetechniquewasdevelopedtosendmoviesovertheinternet.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用光学来加快计算速度从而减少延迟

的新技术。

K答案128.A29.B30.C31.A

28.K解析X主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句"Thislatency（延时）oCCUrSaSConneCted

devicesdon,thaveenoughmemoryorpowertostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learning

modelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhatauserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredina

datacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothe

device.（这种延迟发生的原因是，连接的设备没有足够的内存或能力来存储和运行庞大的机

器学习模型，而设备需要这些模型来理解用户的要求。该模型存储在可能数百英里外的数据

中心，在那里计算K答案》并发送到设备。）”可知，第一段主要是讲延迟的原因。故选A。

29.K解析》细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句"Thewavesaresenttoaconnecteddevice

usingfiberOPtiCS（纤维光学），whichenablestonsofdatatobesentlightning-fastthrougha

network.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethatrapidlyperformscomputations

usingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightWaVeS.（这些电波通过光纤传输到连接的设备

上，这使得大量数据能够以闪电般的速度通过网络传输。然后，接收器采用一个简单的光学

装置，利用这些光波携带的模型部分快速执行计算。）”可知，这种新方法利用光学来加快计

算速度，从而减少了延迟。故选B。

30.K解析》推理判断题。根据第三段前两句"Thistechniqueleadstomorethana

hundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhencomparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalso

improvesecurity,sinceauser,sdatadonotneedtobetransferredtoacentrallocationfor

COmPUtatiOn.（与其他方法相比，这项技术使能源效率提高了一百倍以上。它还可以提高安全

性，因为用户的数据不需要传输到中心位置进行计算。）“可知，作者提到了一辆自动驾驶汽

车以展示该技术的节能和安全性。故选C。

31.K解析?推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Movingforward,theresearcherswant

toupdatethesmarttransceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterPerfOrmanCe.（展望未来，研究人员希

望更新智能收发器芯片以获得更好的性能。）“可知，这项新技术将得到进一步改进。故选A。

D

Thecoronaviruspandemichascreatedanenvironmentforresearchonsocialconnection.One

ofthemostcommonareasofinquiryoverthepastcoupleofyearswashowoursuddenmassshift

todigitalcommunication—awayfromface-to-face—affectedoverallsocialconnectedness.

Researchersstudiednearly3,000adultsduringthepandemic,searlymonthsandfoundthatemail,

socialmedia,onlinegaming,andtextingwerenotfungibleforin-personinteractions.Voiceand

videocalls,weresomewhatbetter.

Socialconnectednessisakeytohappiness.Lowerit,andyouwillbeworseoff——andso

willyourlovedones,especiallyyourkids.One2014surveyrevealedthat62percentofU.S.

childrenthoughttheirparentsweretoodistractedtolistentothem.TheNo.1reasonwasparents,

phoneuse.

Itisclearthatscrollingorsurfingwillreducesocialconnection:Youdotheminsteadof

interacting.Virtualcommunicationssuchastextingarebydesigninteractiveandshould

theoreticallybelessharmful.However,textmessagescan,tconveyemotionveιywell,becausewe

can,thearorseeourconversationalpartners.Thesetechnologiesaretoin-personinteractionswhat

ablack-and-white,pixelated（像素化的）versionoftheMonaLisaistotherealthing;identifiable,

butincapableofproducingthesameemotionaleffects.

Withcommunicationsonline,wetendtohopfrompersontopersonandthusswapdepthfor

breadth.However,researchhasshownthatdeeperconversationsbringmorewell-beingthanshort

communications.Meanwhile,inarecentstudy,teenswhotextedmoreoftenthantheirpeers

tendedtoexperiencemoredepression,moreanxietyandpoorerrelationshipswiththeirfathers.

ItmightseemstrangethatWewouldvoluntarilyadopttechnologiesthathurtourhappiness.

Oneoftheexplanationsisconvenience.Vegetating（无所事事）infrontofascreenissimply

easierthantalkingwithaperson,andvirtualcommunicationssuchastextingarefasterandeasier

thanavisitoraphonecall.Thinkofthesetechnologiesasgrab-and-gofoodataconveniencestore:

It,snotgreat,butitsureiseasy—andafteryoueatenoughmicrowavefoods,youforgetwhatthe

realthingtasteslike.

Inall,formostofus——especiallypeoplewhogrewupwithit——theinternetisan

unquestionedpartoftheecosystemoflife.Quittingthevirtualcommunicationsfromourlifeis

clearlynottheanswer.Sincewe,renotgoingbacktolifebeforethiskindoftechnology,wecan

andshoulduseitmindfullyinserviceoflove.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fungible“mostprobablymean?

A.Responsible.B.Changeable.C.Reliable.D.Replaceable.

33.Asforvirtualcommunications,theauthoris.

A.disapprovingB.doubtfulC.supportiveD.cautious

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.VirtualCommunicationDoesLittleHarmtoPeople

B.TechnologyCanMakeYourRelationshipsShallower

C.QuittingVirtualCommunicationIsJustaroundtheCorner

D.TechnologyCreatesaGoodEnvironmentforDeeperConversations

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。冠状病毒大流行为研究社会联系创造了环境。过去几年，

我们对数字通信（远离面对面交流）如何影响整体社会联系进行了研究，研究表明，技术会

使人际关系更加生疏。

K答案H32.D33.D34.B

32.K解析U词句猜测题。根据第一段“Researchersstudiednearly3,000adultsduringthe

pandemic,searlymonthsandfoundthatemail,socialmedia,onlinegaming,andtextingwerenot

fungibleforin-personinteractions.Voiceandvideocalls,weresomewhatbetter.（研究人员在疫情

初期对近3000名成年人进行了研究,发现电子邮件、社交媒体、在线游戏和短信无法fungible

面对面的互动。语音和视频通话稍微好一些。）”可知，研