工程管理专业英语全部单元都在里面省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖课件

工程管理专业英语SpecializedEnglishforConstructionManagementLecturedbyYiyiMo主讲：莫懿懿Email:myy_11@1/112本课程学习目标经过该课程学习，要求学生完成100，000单词阅读量，掌握或熟悉1000个工程管理惯用专业词汇，到达每小时250单词英译中速度，具备工程管理科技论文译/写能力，初步具备专业英语对话能力，为毕业设计专业阅读和以后从事科学研究及工程打下坚实基础。2/112学习要求恪守上课纪律，不要迟到、早退讲课方式：专业词汇朗诵、长难句翻译、英文短片观看考评方式：出勤+随堂练习+期末考试成绩评定：平时成绩30%+考试成绩70%相互沟通3/112什么是专业英语？普通英语

(CommonorOrdinalEnglish)——通用、普遍基础词汇以及听说读写科技英语

(EnglishforScienceandTechnology)专业英语

(EnglishforSpecialScienceandTechnology)隶属于科技英语是科技英语一部分，以表示科技概念、理论与事实为主要目标。恪守科技英语语法体系和翻译方法，尤其注意客观事实和真理，表示准确(accuracy)、精炼(conciseness)和正式(formal)。是结合各自专业科技英语有很强专业性、包括面愈加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为亲密。专业英语与科技英语现有区分又有联络，专业英语学习需要有一个良好科技英语基础，同时也要注意其本身词汇特点，语法特点、修饰特点和翻译特点等等。4/112翻译标准Letthereadershavethesamefeelingsasthenatives.翻译是将一个语言转换成另一个语言，使得两种语言受众者有一样感受。Criterions:信－fidelity即忠实于原文内容，包含思想、感情、格调等（第一位）达－intelligibility即用词正确得体，行文流通畅顺（必须）；雅－elegance即追求译文古雅（追求目标）。5/112Exam:heleftangrily.直译：他愤恨离去。/他愤然离去。他拂袖而去。（古译）音译：Brownie布朗尼蛋糕（巧克力蛋糕）名称

Newport纽波特（新港口）地名

laser莱塞，镭射

（激光）术名音意译混译:acrowax艾克罗石蜡（艾克罗地域产石蜡）形译：

I-bar工型钢，T-beanT型梁

X-rayX射线6/112一、科技文章特点概述科技文章崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有改变，惯用前置性陈说，即在句中将主要信息尽可能前置，经过主语传递主要信息。简而言之，科技文章特点：清楚、准确、精练、严密。7/112二、科技文体特点

1、大量使用名词化结构英语与汉语一个显著不一样点：汉语中动词占优胜，动词使用范围很广；而英语中名词占优势，名词使用范围很广。科技文体更是如此。原因：强调存在事实，而非某一行为。Exam.Archimedesfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbody.

译文：阿基米德最先发觉固体排水原理。

Exam.地球绕轴自转，引发昼夜改变。译文1：Theearthrotatesonitsownaxis,whichcausesthechangefromdaytonight.译文2：therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.8/112另:科技文体所述是客观规律，尽可能防止使用第一、第二人称。Exam.炉壁采取耐火砖可大大降低热耗。译文1：Ifyouusefirebricksroundthewallsoftheboiler,theheatlosscanbeconsiderablyreduced.译文2：Theheatlosscanbeconsiderablyreducedbytheuseoffirebricksroundthewallsoftheboiler.译文3：theuseoffirebricksroundtheboilercanconsiderablyreducetheheatloss.9/1122、广泛使用被动句科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。使用被动句情况：无须说出主语、不愿说出主语或说不出主语。科技文体往往是前后两种。Exam.Attentionmustbepaidtotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.Youmustpayattentiontotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.译文：要注意机器工作温度。Exam.中美之间已经建立了外交关系。译文：DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Exam.他提议各班之间开展情谊竞赛。译文：Heproposedthatafriendlyemulationdrivebestartedamongthedifferentclasses.10/1123、常使用非限定动词非限制性动词：分词短语、分词独立结构、不定式、介词加名词短语。Exam.Adirectcurrentisacurrentwhichflowsalwaysinthesamedirection.=Adirectcurrentisacurrentflowingalwaysinthesamedirection.译文：直流电是一个总是沿同一方向流动电流。Exam.Vibratingobjectsproducesoundwavesandeachvibrationproducesonesoundwave.=Vibratingobjectsproducesoundwaves,eachvibrationproducingonesoundwave.译文：振动着物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个声波.11/1124、大量使用后置定语1、介词短语

Theforcesduetofrictionarecalledfrictionalforces.译文：因为摩擦而产生力叫摩擦力。Acallforpaperisnowbeingissued.译文：征集论文通知现正陆续发出。

2、形容词或短语Inradiation,thermalenergyistransformedintoradiantenergy,similarinnaturetolight.3、副词Theairoutsidepressedthesidein.4、单个分词Theresultsobtainedmustbechecked.5、定语从句12/1125、惯用句型1.It…that…句型如：Itisbelievedthat…/据信;Itisprovedthat…/已经证实、有些人证实;Itisreportedthat…/据报道2.被动句型Computersmaybeclassifiedasanaloganddigital.3.as结构句型Microcomputersareverysmallinsize,asisshowninFig.5.4.分词短语句型Theresistancebeingveryhigh,thecurrentinthecircuitwaslow.5.省略句结构句型Anobject,onceinmotion,willkeeponmovingbecauseofitsinertia.13/1126、长句较多7、复合词及缩略词多复合词：feed-back,on-and-off-the-road,GIS-Based（geographicalinformationsystem）,biotechnology,biochemical缩略词：maths=mathematics，lab=laboratoryASCE=AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineeringMPM=master’sinprojectmanagement14/112专业英语翻译基本技巧常见英语从句译法定语从句译法(1)译成相互独立并列分句对于普通非限定性定语从句，往往采取分译法。即将主句译成独立分句，然后重复关系代词所代替名词做为第二个分句主语。Thetendonsarefrequentlypassedthroughcontinuouschannelsformedbymetalorplasticducts,whicharepositionedsecurelyintheformsbeforetheconcreteiscast.译文：预应力钢筋束要穿入用金属管货塑胶管制成连续孔道中，而金属管或塑胶管在混凝土浇筑之前被稳稳固定在模板之中。15/112（2）转译成状语从句很多情况下，英语定语从句兼有状语从句功效，在逻辑意义上往往与所限定词有表示“目标”、“结果”、“原因”、“假设”、“让步”等关系。Iron,whichisnotsostrongassteel,findswideapplication.译文:即使铁强度不如钢，不过它仍有广泛用途（表示让步）Thisisparticularimportantinfine-grainedsoilswherethewatercanbesuckedupnearthesurfacebycapillaryattraction.译文：这一点在细颗粒土壤中尤其主要，因为在这种土壤中，因为毛细引力，水能被吸引到靠近表面地方。（表示原因）16/112主语从句译法在专业英语中，经常使用带形式主语it主语从句，即以引导词it作形式主语并放在句首，而把从句（真正主语）放在谓语之后。(1)译成宾语从句Itisgenerallyacceptedthatfatiguestrengthisdrasticallyloweriftheconcreteiscracked.译文：人们普遍认为，混凝土若开裂，其疲劳强度就会大大降低。17/112（2）译成并列分句Itremainstobeconfirmedthatepoxycoatingwillretaintheirintegrityoverlongperiodsoftimeinalkalineenvironments.译文：环氧涂层在碱性环境中能否保持其完整性，这有待深入证实。（3）谓语分译Itisafactthatnostructuralmaterialisperfectlyelastic.译文：实际上，没有一个结构材料是完全弹性体。18/112状语从句译法有些状语从句在翻译时候需要进行从句转译，不然译不出原文所表示实际意义（1）由连接词when引导时间状语从句，在语法形式上普通是时间状语，实际上有连接词if作用。所以翻译这类时间状语从句时往往能够转译成条件状语从句。如：Onthesitewhenfurtherinformationbecomesavailable,theengineercanmakechangesinhissectionsandlayout,butthedrawingofficeworkwillmothavebeenlost.译文：在现场若能获取更多信息资料，工程师就能够对他所做断面图和设计图进行修改，不过绘图室工作并非徒劳。19/112英语强调句型译法英语强调句型“itis(was)…that(which,who)…”几乎能够强调任何一个陈说句主语、宾语和状语，以突出其主要性。翻译时，需将其所强调部分加以突出，比如“正是……”,“正因为……”,“只有……才……”等。Itisthiskindofsteelthattheconstructionworksiteneedsmosturgently.译文：建筑工地最急需正是这种钢材。在强调句型中，有时候被强调不但是一个词或词组，而且还可能是一个状语从句。Itisonlywhenpiersforlongspanbridgesarebuiltacrosswideriversthatcellularcofferdamsareoftenused.译文：只有当在宽敞河面上修建大跨度桥墩时，才经常使用格型围堰这种方法。20/112英语被动语态译法（1）译成汉语主动句（2）译成汉语被动句（3）译成独立结构Itisbelievedthat…有些人主张……Itisassertedthat…有些人提议……Itisstressedthat…有些人强调说……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……有时候一些类似固定句型在翻译时候往往不加主语，如：Itissupposedthat…据推测……Itissaidthat…听说……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出……21/112英语长句翻译顺译法当英语长句句法结构、时间次序、逻辑关系符合汉语习惯时，普通应尽可能采取顺译。倒译法当英语长句句法结构、时间次序、逻辑关系与汉语行文表示习惯相反时，可采取倒译。综正当很多英语长句进行翻译时候，往往综合使用顺译和倒译，不一样分句分别采取顺译和倒译，以使得各分句都符合汉语表示习惯。22/112英语学习方法a.培养兴趣★：兴趣与好奇心是英语学习最好老师！①多看看经典英语电影；②多听听英语歌曲；③多到图书馆或书店走走，借或买一些自己感兴趣书籍；④经常买些英文报刊看看，如：21st世纪英文报、Chinadaily(中国日报)；⑤也能够到学校英语角锻炼口语，提升英语学习兴趣。b.多听英文录音带，听到不看译本也能完全听懂为止，建立良好“听力条件反射”，打好听力基础；c.多记英语词根、词缀，经过构词法来快速扩大词汇量。构词法对工程管理专业词汇学习非常主要。d.不停吸收和丰富各种基础知识，了解相关国家地理、历史、政治、经济、文化、风土人情等。e.努力提升汉语与外语水平,对提升翻译质量很有帮助。23/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型WordsandExpressionintersectvi.相交，交叉，横断takeshape成形，形成，详细化，表达refineryn.精炼厂，炼制厂intimatelyadv.亲密地transcendvt.超出，胜过inlargemeasure在很大程度上，大部分high-risen.高楼，大厦condominiumn.共管，共有房产townhousen.市内住宅，城内住宅24/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型Field-labor-intensive现场劳动密集型Accountfor占，说明Fiscal财政Skyscraper摩天大楼Sophistication老于世故，老练，复杂Oligopoly垄断，求过于供Footpath人行道，小路Pipeline管道，管线Earthmover重型推土机Crane起重机Fossil-fuel矿物燃料Smelter熔炉25/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型WarmUpQuestions1.Whyisresidentialconstructionindustrydominatedbylargenumbersofverysmallfirms?2.Givesomeexamplesofprojecttypesofthatofficeandcommercialbuildingconstructionmayencompass.3.Whatarethemajordistinctionsofheavyconstructioncomparedtoofficeandcommercialbuildingandresidentialhousingconstruction?4.Whatarethemajordistinctionsofindustrialconstructionincontrastwiththebasicmaterialscharacteristicofheavyengineeringconstruction?26/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型humanendeavor人类努力Educationalphilosophiesandpracticestakeshapeinthearchitectureofschoolsandcolleges,whilegovernmentsandcorporationexpresstheir“images”withstructuresthathousetheirofficesandproductionfacilities.教育理念和实践在学校建筑中得以表示，而政府与企业则经过容纳其办公室和生产设备建筑物来表示他们“形象”。Itisdifficult,ifnotimpossible(=ifpossible假如可能话),tocategorizeneatlysogreataspectrumofproject.ifnotimpossible双重否定表示强烈必定，否定句型表示必定句型。aspectrumof

n.系列，范围frustratevt.妨碍，挫败

arbitraryadj.武断，主观transcendtheboundary超越边界outnumbervt.在数量上超出parallelvt.与…相同，类似27/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型Thelatter(condominium),inparticular,aretechnologicallyless

closelyrelatedtoresidencesthan

tothefollowingdescriptionofnonresidentialbuildingconstructionandaresometimesincorporatedaspartofmultipurposecommercialdevelopment.尤其是后者，即共管式住宅,它们与住宅技术关联性不如以下描述非住宅类建筑那样亲密相关（becloselyrelatedto），有时被合并为多功效商业发展一部分。

Thereareafewverylargefirms,butasarulethelowcapitalandtechnologyrequirementsinthissectoroftheindustrymeansthatitischaracterized(以…为特征)bylargequantitiesofverysmallfirms.有一些大型企业，不过通常（普通）因为该行业较低资金和技术要求，占主导地位还是大量小型企业。amongotherthings除此之外，除了别以外businessfailure经营失败independentcontractor独立承包商developer-builder开发-建造商28/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型Whetherinsingleunitsorinlargedevelopment,however,therehasbeenasmallbutgrowingtrendtowardindustrializationandfactorymassproductionofsomemajorcomponentsinrecentdecade,andevencompletemodularhomes.最近十年，不论是独立单元住宅还是大型住宅开发区，住宅产业正展现一个上升工业化趋势，尽管规模不大，一些主要部件能够在工厂批量生产，甚至（能够在工厂预制）完全模块化住房。29/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型thefinancingofconstructedfacilities兴建设施融资generalcontractor总承包商bespecializedin专门从事于labor-and-materialintensive劳动力与材料密集型speculativehousing投机性住宅oligopoly垄断，求过于供interstateadj.【主美】州与州之间utilitarianstructure功利性（实用性）结构publiclyfinanced公共资金undercontractwith依据协议与competitiveopenbidding

竞争性公开招标30/112Unit1TypesofConstructionProject

建筑项目标类型dominatevt.在…占主要地位，支配…andtypicallyallphaseoftheprojectarehandledbythesamefirmonanegotiateddesign-constructor“turnkey”contractualarrangement,withconsiderableoverlapbetweendesign,procurement,andconstruction.…通常项目各阶段工作由同一企业依据协商好设计建造或交钥匙协议安排来负担，因而设计、采购与施工各工作之间有相当多重合。keypatent关键专利privatelyfinanced私人融资hoistingandmaterial-handlingequipment起重和材料处理设备31/112开心连线Single-familyhomeGardenapartmentRecreationalfacilitiesRetailchainstoresMultiunittownhouseWarehouseLightmanufacturingplantSkyscraperCondominiumHigh-riseapartment多单元城内住宅独户住宅花园式住宅仓库共管式建筑娱乐场所摩天大楼高层公寓零售连锁店轻工制造厂房32/112英汉互译EarthmoverCraneTruckTurnkeycontractualarrangementFossil-fuelProfessionalconsultantUrbanrapidtransitsystemDisposalsystemPowerline土方岩石钢材混凝土木材管道开发建造商分包商商业用房建设业主设备密集型33/112ListeningPractice:YoursVocabularyCurator管理人员，馆长Splititupinto裂开，分裂Archiven.档案馆，资料库，文件Archaeology考古学Vibrant明亮，色彩鲜艳，充满生机Perimeter周围，周围，边界Spiral螺旋（形），螺线34/112YoursListentothevideoandpleaseanswerthequestionsbelowHowmanycategoriesistheexhibitionsplitupinto?Howmuchhasbeenspentonremovingwastefromthesite?HowmanyseatsarethereinthemainOlympicStadium?WhatmaterialhasusedtomakeuptheViewTube?35/112HowtoGetMoneyoutofYourParents

怎样从父母那里要钱WordsandExpressionsSolventadj.有偿化债务能力Plasman.血浆Profitable

adj.有利可图spermdonation精子捐献homemadebrownies自制巧克力蛋糕cannedgoods罐装食物Broke（break过去式）没钱，破产，一文不值sheepishlyadj.羞怯，怯懦cafeteriafood餐馆食物reinforcevt.强调，加强replenishvt.补充，把…加满/v_show/id_XMzMwNDUxMzY=.html36/112HowtoGetMoneyoutofYourParents

怎样从父母那里要钱Soit’sonemonthintotheschoolyearandyou’vealreadyblownthroughtheentiresemester’sallowance（生活费）.You’regonna(=goingto)

needagoodstrategy.Step1:Don'tcallthem不要主动给父母打电话

Don’tcallthem—waitforthemtophone.Whentheycomplainthattheyneverhearfromyou,tellthemcallscostmoney.Tip1:Crunchsomepaperintothephoneasyou’rechatting.Whenasked,sayyou’rerollingpenniessoyoucanbuydinner.37/112HowtoGetMoneyoutofYourParents

怎样从父母那里要钱Step2:Soundweak电话时听起来要很虚弱

Whentheyshowconcern,tellthemyou’rejustalittletiredfromdonatingplasma（血浆）forcashthreetimesthisweek.Tip2:Ifyou’reaguy,addthatyou’relookingintothemoreprofitable（有利可图）spermdonation.Girls,say,“Hey,didyouguysknowIcouldget$5,000formyeggs?”38/112HowtoGetMoneyoutofYourParents

怎样从父母那里要钱3:Askforcannedgoods要一些罐装东西

Tellyourmommyyou’dlovehertosendsomeofherhomemadebrownies—thenaskifshecouldtossinafewcannedgoodsaswell.Step4:Toobroke（break过去式，破产）tocomehome认可没钱回家

Gentlybreakittothemthatyouwon’tbecominghomefortheholidaysafterall.Whenpushed,sheepishly（羞怯）admityoudon’thavethemoney.39/112HowtoGetMoneyoutofYourParents

怎样从父母那里要钱Step5:Haveresponseready想好“你是怎么花钱？”回答

Haveagoodresponsereadywhentheyaskwhathappenedtoallyourmoney,like,“I’vebeeneatingoutalottoavoidtheE.Colitheykeepfindinginthecafeteriafood.”Step6:Reinforcegoodbehavior

告诉父母“他们是世界上最好父母”

Whentheyinsistonreplenishingyouraccount,reinforcethisgoodbehaviorbytellingthemtheyarethebestparentsinthewholewideworld.40/112Unit2EmergingRoleofManagementinCivilEngineering管理对土木工程主要性standaloneadj.独立，单独Alogicalquestionishowarethesemanagers,whorequiresbusinessskills,developedfromapoolofcivilengineerswhoaretrainedastechnicalexperts?whorequiresbusinessskills定语从句修饰thesemanagers;whoaretrainedastechnicalexperts?修饰apoolofcivilengineersapoolof大量，众多On-the-jobtraining在职训练，岗位训练Trainingin-house机构内部进行训练，内部训练Thisisconfirmedbythefactthat…这个事实已经被证实…(引导同位语从句，补充说明fact内容)Homeoffice企业总部Well-honed技巧熟练41/112Unit2EmergingRoleofManagementinCivilEngineering管理对土木工程主要性Thelocalmanagerisfrequentlyrequiredbytheclienttohavepowerto

attorney,toensurethatallagreementsmadeinthefieldarelegallybinding.客户经常要求当地经理具有代理人权限，以确保现场签署全部协议都含有法律约束力。Toillustratetheadditionalskillsrequiredofaprojectmanager,takethecasewhereacompanyhassubmitteditsqualificationsandhasbeeninvitedtosubmitatechnicalandfinancialproposalfordesigningahighwaybeforethetimestipulated.“toillustrate”引导一个目标状语，能够举例说明一个项目经理所需要额外技能，比如一个企业已经提交了它们资质合格证，并被邀请在要求时间内提交一份设计一条高速公路技术与财务计划书。adversarialrelationshipn.敌对关系，不良关系boringn.钻孔42/112Unit2EmergingRoleofManagementinCivilEngineering管理对土木工程主要性Provisionn.准备金，拨款Liabilityinsurance责任保险Whenlocalfirmsinsistthattheyonlyparticipateasajoin-venturepartner,theprojectmanager’sproblemsincreasebecausethelocalfirmsnormallycannotprovideaperformancebond,liabilityinsurance,orevenameaningfulsetofaccountsthatwouldestablishtheirtruesalarycostsandoverhead.在当地企业坚持它们只能以合资搭档身份参加，项目经理面临问题就增加了，因为当地企业通常不能提供一份履约确保金、责任保险，或者甚至是一套有意义能证实它们真正工资成本和日常开支账户。Insummary,thepresentpaperisintendedtoshow……总之，本文意在说明……Professionalgrowth职业发展acceleratevt.加速,促进，增加commandvt.赢得，拥有，掌握appreciablyad.显著，可觉察到，相当43/112Unit2EmergingRoleofManagementinCivilEngineering管理对土木工程主要性ComprehensionExercisesPleaseanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.Whyaremanagerialskillshighlydemandedincivilengineering?WhatarethemainsubjectsoneshouldlearninordertogetMPM(Master’sinProjectManagement)?Whyisitnecessarytoprovidealocalmanagerwhenminorproblemsarise?Whatkindofqualitiesshouldhe/she

possess?Besidesthenormalcivilengineeringtraining,whatisamoderncivilengineerrequiredtoknow?44/112Unit2EmergingRoleofManagementinCivilEngineering管理对土木工程主要性AcademicWritingExerciseDuringthepasttwodecades/tenyears,XXXhavegrownsubstantially/decreasedincreasingly/increaseddramaticallyin….XXXhavebecomemoreandmoreimportant/lessimportant/crucialbecauseXXXisextremelycrucial/importantto….在过去20年/10年里，???大幅度增加/降低，因为???变得越来越主要/不主要…因为???变得非常主要45/112HowToRememberPeople'sNames

WordsandExpressionsacquaintancen.熟人，相识cementvt.巩固，加强oddadj.古怪，奇怪subtlyadv.巧妙，精细distinguishingfeatures显著特征anchorvt.抛锚，使…固定Rhymen.韵律，押韵Ludicrousadj.滑稽，荒谬double-whammy一箭双雕，双重打击fretn.烦躁，焦虑discreetlyadv.小心点，慎重remindern.暗示，提醒ensuingadj.接着发生，随即meleen.混战，混乱人群/v_show/id_XNDUwNDE4MTI0.html46/112Unite3whatisProjectManagement

何为项目管理Whiletherelevanttechnology,institutionalarrangementorprocesswilldiffer,themanagementofsuchprojectshasmuchincommonwiththemanagementofsimilartypesofprojectsinotherspecialtyortechnologydomainssuchasaerospace,pharmaceuticalandenergydevelopments.尽管相关技术，组织机构设置和进程不一样，不过建设项目标管理与其它专业技术领域项目，比如航天，医药和能源发展，在管理上依然有许多共同之处。Generally,projectmanagementisdistinguishedfromthegeneralmanagementofcorporationbythemission-orientednatureofaproject.普通而言，工程项目管理有别于普通企业管理在于（在于）它是以目标（任务）为导向本质特征。Bedistinguishedfrom表示“不一样于，与……加以区分”以人为本？以教育为本？以素质教育为本？47/112Unite3whatisProjectManagement

何为项目管理Bycontrast,thegeneralmanagementofbusinessandindustrialcorporationsassumeabroaderoutlookwithgreatercontinuityofoperations.相比之下，普通工商企业管理着眼于企业更加好经营连贯性和更辽阔前景。Workingknowledgen.应用知识，工作知识[例]ShehasaworkingknowledgeofFrench.她法语尚可应付工作。AworkingknowledgeofSpanish.足够利用西班牙语知识。Indispensableadj.必不可少，必须。Computerscience计算机科学；decisionscience决议科学管理学？Infact,modernmanagementpracticesandvariousspecialknowledgedomainshaveabsorbedvarioustechniquesortoolswhichwereonceidentifiedonlywiththesupportingdisciplines.实际上，当代管理实践和各种专业知识领域都吸收了许多一度被用于支持性学科技术和工具.48/112Unite3whatisProjectManagement

何为项目管理Commonplace司空见惯，惯用Operationresearch运筹学Specifically,projectmanagementinconstructionencompassesasetofobjectiveswhichmaybeaccomplishedbyimplementingaseriesofoperationssubjecttoresourceconstrains.Which引导定语从句，修饰前面asetofobjectives，翻译时可作为并列句翻译。Subjectto为“使遭受，使服从，受制于”详细来说，建设项目管理包含一组目标，这些目标经过在资源约束下执行一系列项目实施行为得以实现。imposeonvt.把…强加于Theseconflictsshouldberesolvedattheonsetofaprojectbymakingthenecessarytradeoffsorcreatingnewalternatives.这些冲突应该在项目开启时候就经过必要折中权衡或者制造替换性方案来处理。onsetn.开始，开启49/112Unite3whatisProjectManagement

何为项目管理TheProjectManagementInstitutefocusesonninedistinctareasrequiringprojectmanagerknowledgeandattention项目管理协会明确了项目经理需要要了解和关注9个方面。focuson集中注意力于……50/112ListeningPractice:KungfuPanda

ListentothevideoandpleaseanswerthequestionsbelowWhatarethenamesoftheFuriousFive?WhatPo’sfatherwantedtodowhenhewasyoung?What’sthenameoftheplaceofchoosingtheDragonWarrior?51/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制TheStandardBiddingDocumentsforProcurementofWorks(SBDW)havebeenpreparedbytheWorldBanktobeusedfortheprojectsthatarefinancedinwholeorinpartbytheWorldBank(whichincludestheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment[IBRD]andtheInternationalDevelopmentAssociation[IDA],hereinaftercalled“theBank”.SBDW——工程采购标准招标文件；IBRD——国际复兴开发银行；IDA——国际开发协会52/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制TherearemandatoryforuseinworkscontractswhichareestimatedtocostmorethanUS$10million(includingcontingencyallowance)unlesstheBankagreeswiththeuseofotherBankStandardBiddingDocumentsonacase-by-casebasis.mandatoryadj.义务，强制，命令contingencyallowance应急准备金，应急费用对于成本预计超出1000万美元（含应急费用）工程协议，必须使用该标准文件，除非世行同意在个别情况下使用其它银行标准文件。Thefollowingprovisionsthataresomeabridgementfromthefirstpart,biddingprocedures,providesrelevantinformationtohelpbidderspreparetheirbids,andinformationisalsoprovidedonthesubmission,opening,andevaluationofbidsandontheawardofcontracts.Abridgement节选内容，摘要，节本以下条款为招标程序中第一部分节选内容，提供相关信息帮助投标者编制其投标文件，同时还提供关于投标文件文件提交，开标和评标以及协议授予等方面内容。53/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制TheBid,aswellasallcorrespondenceanddocumentsrelatingtothebidexchangedbytheBidderandtheEmployer,shallbewritteninthelanguagespecifiedintheBiddingDocument.exchangedbytheBidderandtheEmployer为定语修饰名词bid;specifiedintheBiddingDocument为后置定语修饰language.投标文件以及投标者和招标人之间来往与标书相关信件和文件，均应使用招标文件要求（指定）语言。SupportingdocumentsandprintedliteraturethatarepartsoftheBidmaybeinanotherlanguageprovidedtheyareaccompaniedbyanaccuratetranslationoftherelevantpassagesinthelanguagespecifiedintheBiddingDocument,inwhichcase,forpurposesofinterpretationoftheBid,suchtranslationshallgovern（管理，决定，支配）.thatarepartsoftheBid…为定语从句修饰主语supportingdocumentsandprintedliterature；provided…引导状语从句，意思为“假如，假如，倘若，在…条件下”；inwhichcase引导定语从句。支持性文件和打印文件，作为投标文件一部分能够使用其它语言；但相关段落必须使用招标文件所指定语言进行准确翻译，在这种情况下，投标文件翻译应以此译文为主。54/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制LetterofBid投标函pricedBillofQuantities

已标价工程量清单BidSecurity投标确保金Writtenconfirmation

authorizingthesignatoryoftheBidtocommittheBidder委托投标人进行投标文件签署书面授权确认文件TechnicalProposal技术标Conformto恪守，符合，顺应ItemsagainstwhichnotrateorpriceisenteredbytheBidderwillnotbepaidforbytheEmployerwhenexecutedandshallbedeemedcoveredbytheratesforotheritemsandpricesintheBillofQuantities.投标人没有填入单价和价钱项目在实施过程中招标人将不予支付，并视为此项目已包含在其它项目单价和工程量清单价格中。55/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制BidsshallremainvalidfortheperiodspecifiedintheBiddingDocumentafterthebidsubmissiondeadlineprescribedbytheEmployer.在招标人要求投标文件提交截止日期后，投标文件应在招标文件要求期限内保持有效。Heshallextendhisbidsecurityfortwenty-eightdaysbeyondthedeadlineoftheextendedvalidityperiod.Beyond超出…之外投标人需要延长投标确保金使用期超出延长后投标有效截止日期28天。UnlessotherwisespecifiedintheBiddingDocument,theBiddershallfurnishaspartofitsbid,abidsecurityinoriginalformandintheamountandcurrencyspecifiedintheBiddingDocument.除非招标文件另有要求，投标人必须提供招标文件中要求投标确保金表格，金额和币种作为投标文件一部分。56/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制ThebidsecurityofthesuccessfulbiddershallbereturnedaspromptlyaspossibleoncethesuccessfulBidderhassignedtheContractandfurnishedtherequiredperformancesecurity.一旦中标人签署了协议并按要求提交履约确保金后，中标人投标确保金在将尽快退还。Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweentheoriginalandthecopies,theoriginalshallprevail.Intheeventof假如…发生，万一假如正文和副本内容不符，以正本为准。TheoriginalandallcopiesofthebidshallbetypedorwritteninindelibleinkandshallbesignedbyapersondulyauthorizedtosignonbehalfoftheBidder.全部投标文件正本和副本都必须打印或用不褪色墨水书写，并经由正式授权签署人代表投标者署名。57/112Unit4PreparationofBids

投标文件编制TranslatethefollowingintoChineseLetterofbidBillofQuantitiesalternativebidsTechnicalProposalBidSecuritytheBidingDocumenttheperiodofvalidityofbidstheInternationalDevelopmentAssociationPerformancesecurityevaluationofbidTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish开标单价现金流量杂项开支破产者交易线性规划项目风险管理预订目标竞争性招标58/112Unit5SubmissionandOpeningofBids

投标文件提交和开标dulyad.以适当方式，按时bearvt.注明Ifallenvelopesarenotsealedandmarkedasrequired,theEmployerwillassumenoresponsibilityforthemisplacementorpremature

openingofthebid.假如投标文件密封袋没有按照要求密封和标识，招标人将不负担投标文件错放和提前开封责任。Theemployermayextendthedeadlineforthesubmissionofbidsbyamendingthebiddingdocument,inwhichcaseallrightsandobligationsoftheemployerandbidderspreviouslysubjecttothedeadlineshallthereafterbesubjecttothedeadlineasextended.subjectto使服从，受制于；inwhichcase引导定语从句招标人也能够修改招标文件，延长提交招标文件截止日期，在这种情况下，投标双方在原投标截止日期前所负担权利和义务都将适合用于延长后新投标截止日期。59/112Unit5SubmissionandOpeningofBids

投标文件提交和开标ABiddermaywithdraw,substitute,ormodifyitsbidafterithasbeensubmittedbysendingawrittennotice.投标人在提交投标文件后，能够书面形式撤回，替换或修改已提交投标文件。Thecorrespondingsubstitutionormodificationofthebidmustaccompanytherespectivewrittennotice.投标文件对应替换和修改必须附有对应书面通知。Nobidmaybewithdrawn,substituted,ormodifiedintheintervalbetweenthedeadlineforsubmissionofbidsandtheexpirationoftheperiodofbidvalidity.intervaln.时间间隔，间隔从投标文件提交截止日期到投标使用期期满为止，在此期间，投标文件不得撤回，替换或修改。60/112Unit5SubmissionandOpeningofBids

投标文件提交和开标Theemployershallopenthebidsinpublicinthepresenceofbidders’designatedrepresentativesattheaddress,dateandtimespecifiedinthebiddingdocument.specifiedinthebiddingdocument为后置定语，修饰名词address,dateandtime招标人应该按照招标文件要求时间和地点在投标人指定代表出席情况下公开开标。

Allotherenvelopesshallbeopenedonebyone,readingout:thenameofthebidder;thebidprice;thepresenceofabidsecurityandanyotherdetailsastheemployermayconsider。astheemployermayconsider为定语从句，修饰名词details.所以其它信封应依次打开，并宣读投标人名称、投标报价、是否提交投标确保金和招标人认为适宜其它细节。61/112Unit6TypesofCostEstimates

工程费用估算类型Attheveryearlystage,investmentsestimateisusuallymadebeforethefacilityisdesigned,andthereforemustrelyonthecostdataofsimilarfacilitiesbuiltinthepast在项目标最早期，通常要在项目设计前完成投资估算，所以必须依据过去建成类似项目标费用数据来进行测算。Apreliminaryestimateorconceptualestimateisbasedontheconceptualdesignofthefacilityatthestate

whenthebasictechnologiesforthedesignareknown.在设计基本工艺已知情况下，初步估算和概念估算要依据工程项目概念设计进行测算。Thedetailedestimateordefinitiveestimateismadewhenthescopeofworkisclearlydefinedandthedetaileddesigninprogress,sothattheessentialfeaturesofthefacilityareidentifiable.当工作范围已经确定，详细设计在进行时，就可测算出工程项目详细估算或确切估算，方便确定项目标基本特征。62/112Unit6TypesofCostEstimates

工程费用估算类型Theengineer'sestimateisbasedonthecompletedplansandspecificationwhentheyarereadyfortheownertosolicitbidsfromconstructioncontractors工程师估价（标底）要以完成设计图纸和技术规范为基础，而且业主也能够据此向建筑承包商征求投标。Thelevelofdetailindecomposingthefacilityintotasksdependsonthetypeofcostestima