2023年高考英语二轮复习高频考点 阅读理解：猜测词义

阅读理解解密04箱测词义（分层训练）

分层练A

1.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】

ProfessorSmithwasteachinghisclass.Allthestudentsintheclasswerelisteningtothelecturewithgreat

interest.Butamongthosestudents,therewasNick,whowassittingquietlyandinabadmood.

TheprofessortooknoticeofNickonthefirstdaybutdidnotsayanything.Butwhenthiswentonforaweek,

hecalledNickinhisofficeaftertheclassandasked,"Youaredepressedallthetime.Whatisthematter?^^Nick

saidwithsomehesitation,<6Sir,somethinghashappenedinmypast,duetowhichIremaintroubled.Idon'tknow

whattodo.”

ProfessorcalledNickathishouseintheevening.WhenNickarrived,theprofessorwenttothekitchenand

startedmakinglemonade.Hedeliberatelyputmoresaltinthelemonade.Thenhegaveaglassoflemonadeto

Nick.AssoonasNicktookasip,duetothetasteofexcesssalt,hismouthbecamesour.Seeingthis,theprofessor

asked,“Whathappened?DidyounotliketheLemonade?^^“Nosir,thisisnotthecase.Justalittleexcesssaltin

thedrink."Nicksaid,“Hey,nowgivemetheglass.Iwillthrowitaway.^^Theprofessorreachedouttogetthe

drinkfromNick.ButNickrefused,saying,uNosir,justsaltismore.Ifyouaddmoresugar,thetastewillbefine.^^

Uponhearingthis,theprofessorbecameseriousandsaid,"Youareright.Nowsee,thislemonadeislikeyourlife.

Justassaltcannotbetakenoutofthelemonade,similarlythosebadexperiencesalsocannotbeseparatedfromlife.

Butbyaddingmoresugaritcanchangethetasteoflemonade.9,Nicknoddedandsmiledinrelief.

1.WhydidNickfailtofocusontheclass?

A.Hewasdisturbedbythepast.B.Hewastoonervoustoconcentrate.

C.ProfessorSmithwastoodemanding.D.Thelecturewasboringandhardtounderstand.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excess“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Rare.B.Toomuch.C.Poisonous.D.Smelly.

3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeProfessorSmith?

A.Determinedandinspiring.B.Cleverandbrave.

C.Wiseandcaring.D.Generousandlovely.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromNick'sstory?

A.Letitgoandliveinthepresent.B.Lifewithoutaimislikedrinkwithoutsalt.

C.Nothingismorepleasantthanawarmingword.D.Allthegoodandbadexperiencesareunavoidable.

【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位教授以用柠檬、盐和糖的关系来开导情绪低落的学生。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Nicksaidwithsomehesitation,64Sir,somethinghashappenedinmypast,dueto

whichIremaintroubled.Idon'tknowwhattodo.”（尼克有些犹豫地说：“先生，我的过去发生了一些事情，因

此我仍然很困扰。我不知道该怎么办。”厂可知，尼克没能集中注意力上课，是因为他对过去感到不安。故

选Ao

2.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前句"Hedeliberatelyputmoresaltinthelemonade.Thenhegaveaglassof

lemonadetoNick.（他故意在柠檬水里加了更多的盐。然后他给了尼克一杯柠檬水。厂可知，尼克喝了一口

过量盐的柠檬水。所以excess为“过量的”之意。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段“TheprofessortooknoticeofNickonthefirstdaybutdidnotsayanything.（M——

天教授就注意到了尼克，但什么也没说。户及史密斯教授亲自来开导情绪低落的学生可推断，史密斯教授

是有爱心的；史密斯教授以用柠檬、盐和糖的关系来开导情绪低落的学生，说明史密斯教授是明智的。故

选C。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Uponhearingthis,theprofessorbecameseriousandsaid,“Youareright.Nowsee,

thislemonadeislikeyourlife.Justassaltcannotbetakenoutofthelemonade,similarlythosebadexperiences

alsocannotbeseparatedfromlife.Butbyaddingmoresugaritcanchangethetasteoflemonade.”（听了这话，教

授严肃起来说：“你说得对。看，这柠檬水就像你的生活。就像盐不能从柠檬水里拿出来一样，那些糟糕

的经历也不能从生活中分离出来。但是加入更多的糖会改变柠檬水的味道。”户及全文可推断，生活中所有

好的和坏的经历都是不可避免的。故选D。

2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】B

Justastheshinybrochurepromised,fromthemomentIsetfootontheHarvardcampuslastfall,Iwas

exposedtoanexcitingandenlighteningnewworld.

Iwasbomandraised1,500milesaway,inasmallapartmentinJackson,Mississippi.Iamtheonlychild,so

mymotheroverpoweredmewithherlove.Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworked

awfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwas

beyondconsideration.Itleftmeabitbitterasateenager,butIgrewtoappreciateherenormoussacrifices（牺牲）

一walkingmetothelibraryeveryafternoon,laboringatmultiplejobstokeepfoodonthetable,andtellingme

storieslateintothenight.

WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,I

noticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.Ipretendednottosee,butIwasneverableto

forgetit.Itriedtoexplainmyreasonsforwantingtoleave-toproveIwassmartenough,fearoftakingthepathof

leastresistance,theclassicteenagefeelingofbeingtrapped-butthewordsjustmademesoundshallowand

ungrateful.

Nevertheless,Ibegantoworkonthecollegeapplications-anearlyoneforHarvardandroughlyadozen

othersstandingby.IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,Iwasinformedof

myacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.Thatnight,afterallofthecelebratorytextsandhugs,I

satinmyroomandbegantocryuncontrollably.

Overthecourseofthisyear,IhavechangedinwaysIneveranticipated.IthinkIknownowwhymymother

letmego.Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwould

nottradetheexperienceforanything.

1.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostprobablymeans.

A.madeadifferencetoB.madepeacewith

C.tookadvantageofD.tookcontrolof

2.Whatwasthemother'sfirstresponsetotheauthor'sdecision?

A.Shewasworriedaboutit.B.Shelaughedatit.

C.Sheapprovedofitimmediately.D.Sheturnedadeafeartoit.

3.WhatdidtheauthorsayabouthisadmissiontoHarvard?

A.Itdeservedabigcelebration.B.Itservedasalatebirthdaypresent.

C.Itwasbeyondhisexpectations.D.Itwasafavorheowedhismother.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LifelongLearninginHarvard

B.ReflectionsontheRoadtoHarvard

C.WhatHarvardMeanstoMyMotherandMe

D.HowHarvardShapesMyTeenageYears

【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。

1.词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworkedawfully

hardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyond

consideration.（作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、

听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的）”可推知，母亲对作者的管教很严格，所以

画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我"，overpowered意为“控制”。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhad

decidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.（在我升入高三

的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很快就被温暖的

笑容所掩盖）”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。

3.推理判断题o根据第四段中“IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,Iwas

informedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.（我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决

定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了）”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。

故选C。

4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookatthe

world,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.（哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公

正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西户可知，文章主要介绍了作者的

哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。

3.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】C

JewelWhite,a15-year-oldstudent,gathersherbooksandsignsherselfoutofaroutinemorningmathclass.

Sheisnotleavingschoolfortheday,butisofftotrysomemorechallengingequations.Thispracticeisnot

uncommonatWestmountSecondarySchoolinHamilton,Ontario,Canada,whereanunconventionallearning

approachisprevailing.

Westmountisoneoftheeightregularschoolsinthecountrywherestudentsworkattheirownpaceandset

theirowndirection,spendingasmuchoraslittletimeastheyneedonsubjects.Teachersactasadvisers.Withthe

classroomteachers9permission,studentscansignoutofaclasstoworkonothermaterialsorwalkintoanother

classtocatchuponanothersubject.Andeverytwoweekstheymakeplansfortheirownlearningtime,with

supportfromtheiradviser.

Atatimewhenashrinkingstudentpopulationiscausingboardstocloseschools.Westmountsitsat30

percentovercapacitywith1,500students.Itsburstingnumberlededucationofficialstoconsiderexpandingthe

programtootherlocations.

“Ifstudentsareinterested,wearegoingtodoourbesttoprovidethatsortofprogramming,saidToddWhite,

chairoftheHamilton-WentworthDistrictSchoolBoard.

WhenstudentslikeJewelarenotinaclassroom,theycanusuallybefoundintheschool'slearningcommons,

astudyareaforallstudents.Thereareteachersavailabletohelp,butgenerallystudentsareworkingontheirown

assignmentsorprojects.

JewelsaidWestmounfsself-pacedstylecaughtherattentionwhenshewaslookingathighschools.

Westmountisnottheschoolclosetoherhome.Shesaidatelementaryschoolshewouldoftencausetroublein

classbecauseshewouldcompleteherworkearlyandnothavemuchelsetodo."Ifindthiskindofacademic

environmentinWestmountisalotbetterforme,^^shesaid."Ilikethethoughtofbeingabletoworkfasteror

slowerifneeded.^^

1.Whatdoestheword“prevailing“underlinedinparagraphImean?

A.Catchingon.B.Givingway.C.Slowingdown.D.Causingtrouble.

2.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheschoofslearningapproach?

A.Complexbutfamiliar.B.Flexibleandefficient.

C.Traditionalandcommon.D.Difficultbutinteresting.

3.WhatisToddWhite9sattitudetoWestmount'sstyleoflearning?

A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Unconcerned.

4.WhatdidJewelthinkofherelementaryschool?

A.Itwasaschoolclosesttoherhome.

B.Itprovidedtoomuchhomeworkforstudents.

C.Itslearningatmospherewasnotverysatisfying.

D.ItsstudentsdidnotworkasfastasWestmount.

【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了加拿大Westmount中学特殊的教学方式。学生按照自己的节奏，

设定自己的方向，实行走班学习。

1.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段"ThispracticeisnotuncommonatWestmountSecondarySchoolinHamilton,

Ontario,Canada,whereanunconventionallearningapproachisprevailing.（这种做法在力口拿大Hamilton的

Westmount中学并不少见，那里prevailing着一种非传统的学习方法。）“中划线词的前文“Thispracticeisnot

uncommon（这种做法并不少见）”可知，这种学习方式在Westmount中学很流行，故此处的“prevailing”与

A项“catchingon变流行起来”意思相近，故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Westmountisoneoftheeightregularschoolsinthecountrywherestudents

workattheirownpaceandsettheirowndirection,spendingasmuchoraslittletimeastheyneedonsubjects.

Teachersactasadvisers.（Westmount是该地区八所普通学校之一，学生按照自己的节奏学习，并设定自己

的方向，在课堂上花尽可能多或少的时间。老师是顾问。）”可推知，这个学校的学习方法是灵活且有效率

的，故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“"Ifstudentsareinterested,wearegoingtodoourbesttoprovidethatsortof

programming,saidToddWhite,（ToddWhite说道：’如果学生感兴趣,我们将尽最大的努力提供这种方法。'）”

可知，ToddWhite认为这种学习方法是值得推崇的，因此对这种方式是支持的、肯定的，故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Shesaidatelementaryschoolshewouldoftencausetroubleinclassbecause

shewouldcompleteherworkearlyandnothavemuchelsetodo.（她说，在小学时，她经常会在课堂上惹麻烦，

因为她会很早做完功课，没有太多其他事情要做。）”可知，Jewel对她小学的学习氛围不太满意，她是能

快速完成作业的，然而又不得不等其他同学的节奏，故选C。

4.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月调研考】

PhineasTBarnumisthebest-knowncircusbusinessownerofthenineteenthcentury.Heexcelledasa

showman,andthroughouthiscareerintheentertainmentbusiness,hepromotedmanydifferentformsof

attractions.

Barnum'sfirstindustrywasasanewspaperowner.Healsoworkedasawriterandpublisher.Hisenduring

fame,however,isasashowman.Barnumconsideredthistobehismaintalentandheneverchangedthisviewof

hischaracter.

T.Barnum'sentertainmentinterestscoveredmuseums,travelingdancetroupes（团），andeventhe

mid-centuryUStourbyJennyLind,theSwedishsinger.Hewas,bynature,arisk-taker,andusuallygained

successfromthemostunlikelyenterprises.

Barnumwaswillingtoadoptanytacticthatpublicizedhisbusinesses.HisAmericanMuseuminNewYork

includedhoaxesandfreaks（恶作剧和怪物）,bothhumanandanimal.Thiswasnotunusualbythestandardsof

thetime,butevenhefelttheneedtoprovehishoaxesfair,asadvertisingtricks.

Barnum'sunboundedself-confidencemeantheneverdoubtedhisabilitytomakeasuccessofanybusiness.

HeopenedAmerica'sfirstaquarium（水馆）andopenedatheaterinNewYorkthatwasthelargestandmost

moderninthecity.Heaimedtochangethepublicknowledgeoftheaters,andinthis,helargelysucceeded.He

madetheater-goingrespectable.

DeterminationandhardworkfeaturedmajorlyinthequalitiesthatBarnumdisplayed,andhefrequently

spokeaboutthenecessityofboth.Hebelievedsuccessonlycametothosewhoworkedforitandknewtheyhad

theself-determinationnecessary.Healsostatedthenecessityofunderstandingthebusinessthatapersonwas

running.KnowledgeandexperiencecountedformuchinBarnum'slife,andhecertainlyknewtheentertainment

business.

Successinlife,accordingtoBarnum,couldonlybeachievedwhenapersonisingoodhealth.Headvised

thatgettinghealthyandmaintainingahealthybodyandmindwouldleadtohappinessaswellassuccess.

1.WhatdidBarnumthinkwashismostsuccessfulcareer?

A.Awriter.B.Apublisher.

C・Ashowman.D.Anewspaperowner.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tactic“inparagraph4mean?

A.Media.B.Strategy.C.Support.D.Opportunity.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionBarnum'ssuccessinopeningtheaquariumandtheater?

A.ToshowBarnum'sfirmbeliefsinhisowncapacity.

B.Totelluschancesareimportantforanybusiness.

C.Toexplainwhatkindofbusinesswassuccessful.

D.Toindicatehowbadpeople'slifewasatthattime.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBarnumandhisbusiness?

A.Eventful.B.Adventurous.C.Unsteady.D.Outstanding.

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了娱乐大亨PhineasTBarnum的职业生涯。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段"Hisenduringfame,however,isasashowman.Barnumconsideredthistobehis

maintalentandheneverchangedthisviewofhischaracter4然而，他持久的名声是作为一名娱乐经理人。

Barnum认为这是他的主要天赋，他从未改变对自己特点的看法）”可知，Barnum认为他作为娱乐经理人是

最成功的。故选C项。

2.词句猜测题。根据第四段"Barnumwaswillingtoadoptanytacticthatpublicizedhisbusinesses.HisAmerican

MuseuminNewYorkincludedhoaxesandfreaks,bothhumanandanimal.Thiswasnotunusualbythestandards

ofthetime,butevenhefelttheneedtoprovehishoaxesfair,asadvertisingtricks.（Barnum愿意采取任何宣传其

业务的tactico他在纽约的美国博物馆收藏了人类和动物的恶作剧和怪物。以当时的标准来看，这并不罕

见，但即使是他也觉得有必要证明自己的骗局是合理的，就像广告伎俩一样）”可知，Barnum愿意采用任何

策略来宣传其业务，并证明其策略是合理的，推测划线单词表示“策略”，与strategy同义。故选B项。

3.推理判断题。根据第五段“Barnum'sunboundedself-confidencemeantheneverdoubtedhisabilitytomakea

successofanybusiness.HeopenedAmerica'sfirstaquariumandopenedatheaterinNewYorkthatwasthe

largestandmostmoderninthecity.Heaimedtochangethepublicknowledgeoftheaters,andinthis,helargely

succeeded.（Barnum的无限自信意味着他从不怀疑自己在任何业务上取得成功的能力。他开设了美国第一

家水族馆，并在纽约开设了一家剧院，这是该市最大、最现代化的剧院。他旨在改变公众对戏剧的认知，

并在这方面取得了很大的成功）”可知，作者提到Barnum在水族馆和剧院方面的成功，是为了展示Barnum

对自己能力的坚定自信。故选A项。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段“Heexcelledasashowman,andthroughouthiscareerintheentertainmentbusiness,

hepromotedmanydifferentformsofattractions.（作为一名娱乐经理人，他表现出色，在娱乐业的整个职业生

涯中，他推广了许多不同形式的景点）"、第三段"Hewas,bynature,arisk-taker,andusuallygainedsuccessfrom

themostunlikelyenterprises.（他天生就是一个冒险者，通常从最不可能的企业那里获得成功）”、第五段

“Barnum'sunboundedself-confidencemeantheneverdoubtedhisabilitytomakeasuccessofany

business.（Barnum的无限自信意味着他从不怀疑自己在任何业务上取得成功的能力）”以及文章内容可知，

Barnum在许多行业取得成功，并对自己的能力具备自信，所以Barnum及其事业是杰出的。故选D项。

5.【辽宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】

Itisbecomingmoreapparentnowthatstudentsdomoreonlinelearningthantheyeverhavebefore.There

areplentyofwaysthateducatorscanusetechnologytocreateonlinelessonsanddeliverinstructionsremotely.

Youmaythinkthattheonlywaytorunanonlineclassissynchronouslythroughwebconferences,inthe

samewaythatphysicallearningdoes-withallofthestudentsandtheteacherpresentatthesametime.Inmost

cases,thatwon'tbeverypractical,sincetheprobabilitythatallofthelearnersandtheeducatorbeingalltogether

withlive,stableInternetconnectionsisrelativelylow.

Themostcrucialthingtokeepinmindisthatonlinelearningdoesnotneedtotakeplaceatthesametimeas

onlineteaching.YoucreateacourseinyourLMS(LearningManagementSystem)tobeaseriesofmodules(模

块).Thenyouaskyourlearnerstotakethemodulesoneafteranother,becauseeachbuildsonthelast.Each

modulemaybeavideothatyoucreatedregardingthecontent,accompaniedbyaPDF,somerelevantdocuments

andthird-partylinks,etc.Learnerscanlogintothevirtualclassroomwhenevertheywant,evenduringtheearly

hoursofthemorning,toaccesseachmoduleintheorderyouhavedesigned.Youcanalsolayoutsomeessential

rulesforthecourse,likethefrequencyandtypesofassessmentsandmore.

AsfarasI'mconcerned,whilemostofthetimeonlinelearningsavesthelearningcostandprovidesdiverse

studyingmaterialsandinstructionsfromeducators,allowingyourlearnersthefreedomtodotheircoursework

accordingtotheirschedulesiswhatmakesonlinelearningdistinctive.Ithelpsboostengagement,teachyour

learnershowtoplanforthemselvesandberesponsible,andimprovetheiroveralllives.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“synchronously“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Atthesametime.B.Inthesameplace.

C.Onvariousconditions.D.Throughdifferentchannels.

2.Whyarelearnerssupposedtofollowthemodulesinacertainorder?

A.Everymodulehasessentialrules.

B.Themodulesdealwithvarioustopics.

C.Eachmoduleisbasedonthepreviousone.

D.Themodulesaredesignedindifferentforms.

3.Whatmakesonlinelearninguniqueaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Flexiblelearningtime.B.Easyaccesstoteachers.

C.Abundantlearningresources.D.Affordableeducationfee.

4.Whoarethetargetreadersofthetext?

A.Students.B.Parents.C.Officials.D.Teachers.

【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.D

【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了网课越来越常见，上网课的形式不一定是教与学同步进行，学生可

以根据老师设计的教学内容自主选择学习时间，这样能培养学生的责任心和自主学习能力。

1.词义猜测题。根据第二段的“inthesamewaythatphysicallearningdoes一withallofthestudentsandthe

teacherpresentatthesametime."（就像线下学习一样，所有的学生和老师同时在场）可知，“synchronously”

意为“同时故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thenyouaskyourlearnerstotakethemodulesoneafteranother,becauseeach

buildsonthelast.-（然后你要求你的学习者一个接一个地学习这些模块，因为每个模块都是在上一个模块

的基础上构建的）可知，学习者要按一定顺序学习这些模块，原因是每个模块都是以前一个模块为基础的。

故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“AsfarasFmconcerned,whilemostofthetimeonlinelearningsavesthe

learningcostandprovidesdiversestudyingmaterialsandinstructionsfromeducators,allowingyourlearnersthe

freedomtodotheircourseworkaccordingtotheirschedulesiswhatmakesonlinelearningdistinctive.^^（就我而

言，虽然在线学习很多时候节省了学习的费用并且提供多样的学习材料和教师指导，但是让你的学习者能

够根据自己的时间表自由地完成课程是在线学习与众不同的地方）可推知，作者认为灵活的学习时间使得

在线4.推理判断题。依据全文，尤其是“Youcreateacourse...”（你创建了一门课程...）；“youaskyour

learners（你要求你的学生….）；"Youcanalsolayoutsomeessentialrules...”（你也可以列出一些基本

规则...）；“teachyourlearners....”（教你的学生....）可推知，本文的目标读者是教师。故选D。

分层练B

1.【江苏省决胜新高考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月大联考】

Thearrivalofspringhasseeminglyunchangeableresults-lengtheningdays,blossomingplantsandagreat

increaseinbees'activity.Butnewresearchfindsthatmanyspeciesofbirdsarenestingandlayingeggsnearlya

monthearlierthantheydidacenturyago.

Thesespecies,includingbluejays,yellowwarblersandfieldsparrows,arenowlayingtheirfirsteggs25days

earlier,onaverage,thantheywere100yearsago,theresearchhasfound.Theheatingoftheatmosphere,dueto

theburningoffossilfuels,isseeminglychangingaprocessthatlongappearedunshakeable.

Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAnimalEcology,drewuponrecordsofbirds5eggsgatheredduringa

period,fromabout1880to1920,whenpeoplecouldrampantly（猖獗的）collectthemfromnestswithout

punishment.Theserecords,largelyconsistingofboxesofeggswithhand-writtenlabelsdescribingthetypeof

birdandwhentheeggswerecollected,werecomparedwithmodernnestingdatacheckedbyresearchers,who

usedmirrorsmountedonlongpolestoobservehigh-upnests.

Amodelbuiltbytheresearchersrevealedthatbirdsmovingtheirnestingdatesforwardhasbeenclosely

correlatedwithrisingcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere,aleadingdriverofrisingglobaltemperatures.

Birdschoosewhentonestinlinewithotherdevelopmentsinspring,suchasthebudding（发芽）ofplants

andtheincreaseininsectnumbers.Theseinteractionsofnaturearebeingunpickedbyclimatechange-inthe

USbearsareemergingfromhibernationearlierandcherry,peach,pear,appleandplumtreesareblossoming

weeksearlierthantheyoncedid.IntheUK,plantsfloweredafullmonthearlierbetween1987and2019thanthey

didbefore1986,recentresearchfound.

“Ifyou'reabirdandyounestearlier,youputyourselfatriskofthesecoldsnaps（寒流）thatcanstillarrivein

spring,whichthenaffectstheplantsandinsects,saidBates.acThatthenimpactsthereproductivesuccessofthe

birds.Springsarebecomingmorevolatile（反复无常）andthatistakingitstoll.”

1.Whatmightberesponsibleforthebirds'earliernestandlayingeggs?

A.Lengtheningspringdays.B.Globalwarming.

C.Blossomingplants.Theincreaseinbees'activity.

2.Howdidtheresearchersgettheirfinding?

A.Byreferringtopreviousresearches.

B.Bymonitoringbirds9behaviour.

C.Byinvestigatingbirds5habitats.

D.Bycomparingdatafromdifferentperiods.

3.WhyarebearsandplantsmentionedinPara.6?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Toproveastatement.D.Tomakeaprediction.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takingitstoll“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Upsettingbalanceofnature.B.Shapinglandscape.

C.Receivingattention.D.Causingloss.

【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变迁造成鸟类提前筑巢和下蛋的情况。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theheatingoftheatmosphere,duetotheburningoffossilfuels,isseemingly

changingaprocessthatlongappearedunshakeable.（燃烧化石燃料导致的大气变暖，似乎正在改变一个长期以

来看似不可动摇的过程）”可知，全球变暖也许导致了这些鸟更早的筑巢和产卵。故选B项。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theserecords,largelyconsistingofboxesofeggswithhand-writtenlabels

describingthetypeofbirdandwhentheeggswerecollected,werecomparedwithmodemnestingdatachecked

byresearchers,whousedmirrorsmountedonlongpolestoobservehigh-upnests.（这些记录主要由一盒鸡蛋组

成，上面有手写的标签，描述了鸟类的类型和收集鸡蛋的时间。研究人员将这些记录与现代筑巢数据进行

了比较，研究人员使用安装在长杆子上的镜子来观察高处的巢穴）”可推知，研究人员通过比较不同时期的

数据来得到他们的发现。故选D项。

3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Birdschoosewhentonestinlinewithotherdevelopmentsinspring,suchas

thebuddingofplantsandtheincreaseininsectnumbers.Theseinteractionsofnaturearebeingunpickedby

climatechange-intheUSbearsareemergingfromhibernationearlierandcherry,peach,pear,appleandplum

treesareblossomingweeksearlierthantheyoncedid.（鸟类根据春天的其他情况来选择筑巢时间，比如植物发

芽和昆虫数量的增加。这些自然界的相互作用正被气候变化破坏在美国，熊更早地从冬眠中醒来，樱

桃、桃子、梨、苹果和李树的开花时间比以前提前了几周）”可推知，后面的熊和植物例子是说明这一点的。

故选C项。

4.词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“"Ifyou9reabirdandyounestearlier,youputyourselfatriskofthesecold

snapsthatcanstillarriveinspring,whichthenaffectstheplantsandinsects,saidBates."'Thatthenimpactsthe

reproductivesuccessofthebirds.（“如果你是一只鸟，提早筑巢，你就会面临春天仍然可能到来的寒流的风险,

这会影响植物和昆虫，''贝茨说。“这会影响鸟类的繁殖成功率）”可知，此处讲的是造成的影响。由此推知,

takingitstoll为"造成损失"的意思，与D项Causingloss”造成损失”意思一致。故选D项。

2.【江苏省南京市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月质量检测】

DianaGoldenwastwelveyearsoldwhenshehadcancer.Shewaswalkinghomeonedayafterplayinginthe

snowwhenherrightlegsimplygaveout.Doctorsdiagnosedtheproblemasbonecancer.Theyrecommended

removingherlegabovetheknee.

WhenDianaheardthenews,sheaskedtheonlyfirstquestion:"WillIbestillabletoski?”

“Whenthedoctorssaidyes,“shelaterrecalled,t4Ifigureditwouldn'tbetoobad.”

Losingalegwouldcausemostchildrentoloseconfidenceandhope,butDianarefusedtodwellonthe

negative.6<Itisnothing.Abodypart.^^she'dsay.

Mostofall,Dianawasnotdiscouraged.Shelovedskiingandshehadbeenonskissincetheageoffive.After

theoperation,Dianaworkedhardtogetbacktothemountainnearherhome.64IalwaysskiedandIintendedto

keeponskiing.Ineverdoubtthat."shedeclared.Dianamethergoal.Shewasbackoutontheslopes.

Withjustoneleg,Dianamadethebestofit.Inhighschool,Dianabecameamemberofherschoofsski

racingteam.Andin1979,whenshewasjustseventeen,shejoinedtheUSDisabledSkiTeam.

Afterhighschool,DianawentontoDartmouthCollege.Determinednottobeleftbehind,Dianacontinued

hertrainingwiththeDartmouthteam.4tIhadoneleg,whichmeantIhadtodoitdifferently."shelaterexplained.

In1982,Dianaenteredherfirstinternationalskirace.ShewontheworldHandicappedChampionshipin

Norway.In1986,DianawontheBeckAwardgiventothe