2024届上海市部分区高三二模英语试题汇编：六选四（含答案）

PAGE7PAGE2024届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编六选四2024届上海市浦东区高考二模英语试题SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Nevertheless,confidenceplaysasignificantroleindeterminingtheeffectivenessoffearbasedmotivationstrategies.B.However,ifstudentsarenotconfident,thenfear-basedapproachescouldtriggerfeelingofanxiety.C.Leaders,managers,andteachershaveoftenusedoneoftheseideastoinspirepeopletoworkharderandachievemore.D.Takentogether,thesestudiesshowthatfear-basedmotivationiscomplicatedE.Theymaybeinspiredtolearnnewthingsthatwillhelptheirbusinessorfindmentorswhocansupportthem.F.Butdoesthismotivateordiscouragebusinesspeople?Again,it’snotstraightforward.Whatmotivatesyoutoworkorstudyharder?Isitthethoughtofsuccessandalltheamazingthingsthatyoucanachieve,orisitthefearoffailureandworryaboutallthethingsthatcangowrongforyou?67Butisonebetterthantheother?Arecentstudylookedattheeffectoffear-basedstrategiesonBritishsecondaryschoolstudents.Asissooftenthecase,it’scomplicated.Theyfoundthatifatestisseenasimportant,andstudentsareoptimisticthattheycansucceed,thenthefearoffailurecanbeusedsuccessfullybyteacherstomotivatetheselearners.68Itcaninturnleadthemtodoworseonthetestthantheywouldhavedoneotherwise.Thestudyalsofoundthatifstudentsaredisengagedanddon’tcareaboutthetestinthefirstplace,then,unsurprisingly,thefearoffailureisnotlikelytomotivatethem.Entrepreneursoftenruntheriskoffailure.It’safactthatmostnewcompanieswillfail.69Thepersonalconsequencesoffailurecanbesignificant,andsofoundersmaybemotivatedtoworkhardertoavoidthem.AstudycarriedoutonBritishandCanadianentrepreneursfoundthatfearoffailurecanimproveproblemsolving,aspeoplearemotivatedtoanticipateandresolvepotentialissues.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatitcanleadtoincreasedprocrastinationaspeoplefocustoomuchonwhattheypersonallyfear,ratherthanwhatwouldbebestforthebusiness.Ifsomeoneislessconfidentabouttheirbusinessidea,thentheymayfindtheirdecision-makingnegativelyaffectedbytheirfears.70Itcandriveconfidentpeopletodobetter,butitcanalsoincreaseourdoubtsandturnthemintobarriers.2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Andso,whatoncetookyourbreathawaybecomespartoflife’sfurniture.Butcoulditbethatmanyofourlivesarealreadybetterthanwerecognize?Habituationtothegooddrivesyoutomoveforwardandprogress.Butifwecanmaketheconstantlessso,ourattentionwillnaturallyturnbacktoit.Ratherthanfocusonhowtoseeourlifebetter,weneedtolearntobetterourlife.Thegoodnewsisthatyoucandishabituate.YourLifeIsBetterThanYouThinkTheundeniablepopularityofself-helpbooks,wellnesspodcasts,andhappinessworkshopsreflectstheconstanthumandesiretomakelifebetter.67Whilewemayhavealovingfamily,agoodplacetolive,andadecentjob,weoftenfailtonoticethosethings.It’snotbecauseweareungratefulorstupid,butit’sbecauseofabasicfeatureofourbrain,knownashabituation.Habituationisthetendencyofneuronstofirelessandlessinresponsetothingsthatareconstant.Youenteraroomfilledwithrosesandafterashortwhile,youcannotdetecttheirscentanylonger;andjustasyougetusedtothesmelloffreshflowers,youalsogetusedtoalovingrelationship,toapromotion,toanicehome,toawonderfulworkofart.Likethefrontpageofadailynewspaper,yourbraincaresaboutwhatrecentlychanged,notaboutwhatremainedthesame.68Youhabituatetoit—youfailtonoticeandrespondtoelementsofyourlifewhichyoupreviouslyfoundamazing.69Thatis,youcansuddenlystartperceivingandrespondingtothingstowhichyouhavebecomedesensitized.Thekeyistakingsmallbreaksfromyourdailylife.Forexample,whenpeoplereturnhomefromalongbusinesstrip,theyoftenfindtheiroldlifehas“reshined.”Ordinarythingssuddenlyseemamazing.Ifsomethingisconstant,weoftenassume(perhapsunconsciously)thatitistheretostay,andasaresult,wefocusourattentionandeffortonthenextthingonourlist.70Ifitisgoodatitscore,itmayjustreshine.Thisiswhytimeaway,howevershort,willenableyoutoperceiveyourlifewithfresheyes—andtobreakupreality.2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Butthebiggestdangeristheanti-criticalthinkinglessonsthatheisteaching.B.It’sthisemphasisonbeliefoverimaginationthatheseesasharmful.C.Interestingly,beliefinSantaClaushasactuallypromotedchildren’scriticalthinking.D.ThereareplentyofculturalevidenceswecreatefortheexistenceofSanta.E.Hebeginstoprobeandquestionthethingshehasseenandheard.F.Fascinatingly,beliefinSantaClaushasremainedremarkablyconsistent.TimetoendSanta’s‘naughtylist’?ManyofushavemagicalmemoriesofSantasecretlybringinggiftsandjoytoourchildhoodhomes—butisthereadarkersidetothebelovedChristmastradition?Iwas—andI’mhappytoadmitit—aloyalbelieverofSanta.IabsolutelylovedthemagicofChristmas,especiallySantaClaus,andmyparentswentaboveandbeyondtoencourageit.However,asIbegintoconstructmyownSantaClausmythformydaughter,Ican’thelpbutfeelguilty.Coulditunderminehertrustinme?__67__Backin1978,astudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofOrthopsychiatry(矫正精神医学)foundthat85%offour-year-oldssaidtheybelievedinSanta.In2011,researchpublishedintheJournalofCognitionandDevelopmentfoundthat83%of5-year-oldsclaimedtobetruebelievers.Iguessit’snotallthatsurprising.__68__HefeaturesineveryChristmasTVshowandmovie.EachyeartheNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenceCommand(NORAD)allowsyoutotrackSanta’sjourneyonChristmasEve.Toreassurechildrenduringthepandemicin2020,theWorldHealthOrganizationissuedastatementdeclaringthatSantawas“immune”fromCovid19.Andit’spreciselythiseffortonbehalfofparents,andsocietyingeneral,tocreatesuchseeminglyoverwhelmingevidencefortheexistenceofSantaClausthatDavidKyleJohnson,aprofessorofphilosophyatKing’sCollegeinPennsylvania,describesas‘TheSantaLie’inhisbookTheMythsThatStoleChristmas.Hehighlightshowwedon’tsimplyaskchildrentoimagineSanta,butrathertoactuallybelieveinhim.__69__The‘Santalie’canreducetrustbetweenaparentandachild.__70__Itisthecreationoffalseevidenceandconvincingkidsthatbadevidenceisinfactgoodevidencethatdiscouragesthekindofcriticalthinkingweshouldbeencouraginginchildreninthisera.“The‘Santalie’ispartofaparentingpracticethatencouragespeopletobelievewhattheywanttobelieve,simplybecauseofthepsychologicalreward,”saysJohnson.“That’sreallybadforsocietyingeneral.”2024届上海市徐汇区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thisrecurrentnatureprovidesastronomerswithsomepredictabilityregardingitseruptions,aidingintheirmonitoringandpreparationfortheupcomingevent.B.Themechanismdrivingtheseeruptionsisthetransferofmatterfromtheredgianttothewhitedwarf.C.Itconsistsofawhitedwarfandanagingredgiantstar.D.Thisheightenedvisibilitywilllastforafewdayswithouttheneedforanyequipmentandslightlyoveraweekwiththeaidofbinoculars.E.Astronomersplantoutilizevariousinstruments,includingtheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheNeilGehrelsSwiftObservatory,toobserveandstudythenovaindifferentwavelengthsoflight.However,duringitspeakbrightness,itisexpectedtoshineasbrightlyasPolaris,ortheNorthStar,makingitvisibletoobserversintheNorthernHemisphere.Astronomersareeagerlyanticipatingacelestial(天体的)eventthatpromisestobeaonce-in-a-lifetimesight:theappearanceofa"newstar"inthenightsky,expectedtooccursometimebetweennowandSeptember,asreportedbyNASA.Thisevent,knownasanova(新星),isprojectedtotakeplacewithintheTCoronaeBorealissystem,nestledintheconstellation(星座)CoronaBorealis,situatedbetweentheBoötesandHerculesconstellations.Incontrasttotheexplosivedemiseofamassivestarseeninasupernova,anovaischaracterizedbyasudden,briefexplosionoriginatingfromacollapsedstar,specificallyawhitedwarf.TheTCoronaeBorealissystemisaffectionatelycalledthe"BlazeStar."(67)_______________________Thesestarsorbitcloselyenoughtointeractviolently,leadingtoperiodicexplosiveevents,withthelasteruptionobservedin1946.(68)_______________________Overtime,theredgiantbecomesincreasinglyunstable,sheddingitsouterlayersontothewhitedwarf.Thisexchangeofmattereventuallytriggersa"runawaythermonuclearreaction,"resultinginthenovaphenomenon,accordingtoNASA.Whiletheprecisetimingoftheupcomingnovaeventremainsuncertain,astronomersarecloselymonitoringtheTCoronaeBorealissystem,whichhasbeendimmingsinceMarchofthepreviousyear.WilliamJ.Cooke,leadofNASA'sMeteoroidEnvironmentsOffice,notesthatwhilemostnovaeoccurunexpectedly,TCoronaeBorealisisoneofthe10recurringnovaeinthegalaxy,offeringsomepredictabilitytoitseruptions.Locatedapproximately3,000light-yearsawayfromEarth,theTCoronaeBorealissystemistypicallytoofainttobeseenwiththenakedeye.(69)_______________________Oncethenovareachesitspeakbrightness,itwillappearasifanewstarhasemergedinthenightsky,remainingvisibleforafewdayswithoutanyequipmentandslightlyoveraweekwithbinocularsbeforegraduallyfadingfromviewoverthecourseofabout80years.(70)_______________________Asaneffectiveobservingapproach,theyprovidevaluableinsightsintothedynamicsofrecurrentnovaeandtheprocessesoccurringwithinthesestellarsystems.TheNASAUniverseaccountonXwillprovideregularupdatesonthenovaevent,allowingenthusiastsandresearchersaliketostayinformedaboutthiscaptivatingastronomicalphenomenon.Reflectingonpastexperiences,includingwitnessingthe1975NovaCygni,whichinspiredhiscareerinastronomy,Cookeunderscoresthesignificanceofthesecelestialeventsinshapingourunderstandingofthecosmos.2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模英语试卷SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thereactioniscausedbynervesthatreachintotheairway.B.Scientistsknowaboutmanydifferentstimulithatcancausecough.C.Manyinfectionsinvolvedrycoughsthatdon’tproducephlegm(痰)atall.D.Wecan’treallydetectvirusanymoreintheseindividuals,andyetthey’restillcoughing.E.Butatleasttemporarily,theycansendusintocoughingevenwhenwe’renolongersick.F.Scientistsstillaren’tsureexactlywhyotherwisehealthypeopleexperiencethiskindofpersistentcough.WhyAreYouStillCoughing?Haveyoucaughtacoldrecently—butcan’tgetridofthecough?You’renotalone.Thesymptomcanstickaroundforweeksafterourbodieshaveclearedavirus.MichaelShiloh,aphysicianspecializingininfectiousdiseaseresearchatUTSouthwesternMedicalCenter,sayscoughingpatientsoftenreportthattheyweresickasmanyaseightweekspriortoseeinghim.Hesays,“____67____”TheUnitedStatessawasharpriseincasesofinfluenzainlate2023that’sdraggedoninto2024.Andthoughpositivetes