Unit1Whatsthematter单元知识点人教版八年级英语下册

八年级英语下册Unit1知识点【Usefulexpressions】haveacold感冒haveastomachache肚子痛haveasoreback背痛haveatoothache牙齿痛liedownandrest躺下来休息takeone’stemperature量体温haveafever发烧takebreaks休息getoff下车toone’ssurprise让某人惊讶的是rightaway立刻，马上getinto进入，陷入withoutthinkingtwice毫不犹豫expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事waitfor等待agreeto...同意thanksto... 幸亏 intime及时thinkabout考虑falldown摔倒feelsick感到恶心putabandageonit把绷带绑到cutone’sknee割伤某人的膝盖putsomemedicineonit把药涂在...上gethitonthehead击中头部 hurtone’sback伤到背beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事takerisks(takearisk)doingsth.冒险做某事runout(of)用完，用尽cutoff切除，砍掉 getoutof离开，从...出来beincontrolof掌管，控制beinterestedin对...感兴趣because of由于，因为saveone’slife就某人的命bereadytodosth.准备做某事sothat以便，为的是so...that...如此...以至于...theimportanceof...的重要性keepondoingsth.坚持做某事giveup放弃inadifficultsituation在困境中seeadentist看牙医gotothedoctor看医生getanXray拍X光片takesomemedicine吃药inthesameway以同样的方式shoutforhelp大声呼救makeadecision做出决定haveprbolemsbreathing呼吸困难【Targetsentences】What’sthematterwithyou?Ihaveacold.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.Shehasaverysorethroatnow.—WhatshouldIdo?—Youshouldliedownandrest…—What’sthematterwithhim?—Hehasatoothache.—Whatshouldhedo?—HeshouldseeadentistandgetanXray.—Doeshehaveafever?—Yes,hedoes.—Shouldhetakehistemperature?—Yes,heshould.Sheshouldn’teatsomuchnexttime.—Whathappened? —Ifeltsick.AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.Aronalmostlosthislifethreetimesbecauseofclimbingaccidents.Aronranoutofwaterafterthreedays.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.【Languagepoints】1.What’sthematter?该句型常用来询问某人发生了什么不愉快的事情或者周围发生了什么事情。用于健康话题时，旨在询问某人哪里不舒服。其后可加介词with,引出询问的对象。拓展延伸：常用于询问疾病、不适的表达还有：What’swrong(with)....?What’sthetrouble(with)...?Whathappened(to)...?2.Ihaveastomachache.（1）have在此处作及物动词，意为“患病”，可与get或catch互换。cold前可用bad，heavy等词修饰。Becausethetemperaturedroppedsharply,manystudentscaughtabadcold.（2）【拓展延伸】“人体部位+ache”常表示“……痛”，常见的还有：3.liedownandrestliedown躺下lie的用法：Don’tlietome!=Don’ttellliestome!4....whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb.doingsth.强调看到某个动作正在进行。seesb.dosth.意为“看到某人做某事”，强调看到整个动作发生的全过程或经常发生。IsawTomplayingchesswiththeoldmanwhenIpassedbythepark.IsawJimgointothebankjustnow.5.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.getoff下车getoff多指从公交车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具上下来，其反义短语为geton。Theygotoffthebusandwalkedaway.Shesaidgoodbyetohermotherandgotontheplane.【拓展延伸】getin和getoutof指上/下小型交通工具，比如汽车、出租车等。【图解】6.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.expectsb.todosth.预料某人会做某事；期望某人做某事Ididn’texpecthimtostaysolong.【拓展延伸】expect的其他常见用法：Iexpecttobebackwithinaweek.There’sthedoorbell—Iexpectthatitwillbemymother.Youareexpectedtoshakehands.7.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.(1)toone'ssurprise令某人惊讶的是Tomysurprise,hefailedtheexam.【拓展延伸】insurprise惊讶地（2）agreetodosth.同意做某事WeagreedtogotoHongKongaftertheexam.【拓展延伸】与agree相关的短语：8.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themansavedbythedoctorsintime.（1）thanksto多亏；由于Thankstoothers’help,welivemuchmorehappilythanbefore.【拓展延伸】thanksfor(doing)sth.意为“因（做）某事而感谢你（们）”。Thanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.（2）intime及时Luckily,hecaughtthetrainintime.【拓展延伸】ontime准时，按时Youshouldarriveatschoolontime.9.It’ssadthatmanypeopledon’twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twantanytrouble...troublen.问题；苦恼,trouble在此处作不可数名词。Iknowyouhavetrouble,butIcandonothingforyou.【拓展延伸】trouble常用短语10.Didyoufalldown?falldown摔倒；摔下falldown为不及物动词短语，其后不能直接跟宾语。falldownfrom表示“从……摔下”，相当于falloff。Littlebabiesoftenfalldownwhentheyarelearningtowalk.11.Runinunderwater.runv.流淌；流动run在此处作动词，表示“（液体）流动”。Waterwasrunningalloverthebathroomfloor.12.Someonefeltsick.sickadj.生病的；有病的sick作形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”。sickleave意为“病假”。Ifyouareunhappy,you’lleasilygetsick.【特别提醒】sick和ill都有“生病的”的意思，但sick可以充当定语或表语，而ill通常作表语。Sheisill/sickinbed.Heaskedfortwoweeks’leavetolookafterhissickfather.【拓展延伸】sick还有“恶心；厌倦的”意思。feelsick感到恶心besickof厌倦……Assoonastheshipstartedmoving,Ibegantofeelsick.Sheissickofherpresentjob.13.toldhimtoresttellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事tellsb.todosth.为固定结构，其否定形式为tellsb.nottodosth.“告诉某人不要做某事”。Hetoldmetoleaveanoteonthedesk.Thisstorytellsusnottofoolourselves.14.AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.beinterestedin对……感兴趣beinterestedin为固定短语，其后可以接名词、代词或ving形式作宾语。LiLeiisinterestedinEnglishandhewatchesBBCNewseveryday.Hewasinterestedinplayingsoccerwhenhewasyoung.15.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.beusedto习惯于……；适应于……beusedto后接名词、代词或ving形式作宾语。短语中的be还可以换为get，get强调动作而be强调状态。I’musedtogettingupearly.Youwillsoonbe/getusedtotheweatherhere.【拓展延伸】beusedtodo被用来做usedtodo过去常常beusedfordoingsth.被用来做beusedas被用作16.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccident.becauseof因为becauseof和because的区别17.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(1)runout用尽；耗尽runout与runoutof两个短语的意思都是“用尽”，但具体用法不同：Hismoneysoonranout.=Hesoonranoutofhismoney.(2)动词不定式短语作目的状语本句中的tosavehisownlife为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式短语既可位于句首，也可位于句末。如果置于句首，需要用逗号隔开。Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.Todrawmapswell,youneedaspecialpen.18.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.bereadytodosth.准备好做某事；愿意做某事(1)bereadytodosth.在此处意为“准备好做某事”，其同义短语为getreadytodosth.。be强调状态，get强调动作。I’mreadytopickyouup.(2)bereadytodosth.还可意为“愿意做某事”。I’mreadytoansweryourquestions.【拓展延伸】be/getreadyfor意为“为……做准备”。其中for为介词，其后跟名词、代词或ving形式。Wearegettingreadyforthepetition.I’vebeenreadyformakingdinner.19.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.meanv.意思是；打算；意欲(1)mean在此处作动词，意为“意思是”，其名词形式为meaning，意为“意思”。Whatdo/does…mean?=What’sthemeaningof…?意为“……是什么意思？”Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What’sthemeaningofthisword?(2)mean作动词，还可表示“打算；意欲”。meantodosth.“打算做某事”Wemeantovisityoutomorrow.(3)拓展延申meanv.打算meaning意思meaningful有意义的meaningless毫无意义的20.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(1)so...that...如此……以至于;引导结果状语从句。so为副词，后面常接形容词或副词的原级。Herunssofastthatwecan’tcatchupwithhim.知识链接：sothat意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句。此时从句中常含有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词。You’dbettertakethemapwithyousothatyouwon’tgetlost.(2)keepondoingsth.继续做某事Keeponlearningaslongasyoulive.【拓展延伸】keep的其他常见用法：keep(sb.)doingsth.（让某人）一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物保持……状态例句：Tomkepthisfriendwaitingoutsidethegate.Theheavyrainkeptusfromgoingtoschool.Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.【GrammarFocus】1.表示疾病及事故伤害的语言特征(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达What'sthematter/wrong/thetrouble(withsb.)?Whathappened(tosb.)?AreyouOK?Isthereanythingwrongwithsb.?(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构:①某人+have/has+病症:Ihaveacold/cough②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位Hehasasorethroat.他喉咙痛。④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词:Hehurthisleg.他的腿受伤了。⑤某部位+hurt(s).Myheadhurtsbadly.我头痛得厉害。⑥某人+have/has+apain+inone's+身体部位|haveapaininmyhead⑦Thereissomethingwrong/Somethingiswrong+withone's身体部位⑧其他表达Shehasahearttrouble.Hegothitonthehead.Shecutherfinger.2.情态动词should的用法（1）语法概述：情态动词should意为“应该；应当”，其后接动词原形，且没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是在should后加not。（2）例句陈述句：Youshouldhavearest.疑问句：Shouldwegonow?否定句：Youshouldn’teatsomuch.（3）情态动词should的用法表示征询意见和提出建议Weshoulddosportseveryday.表示推测Heshouldbeapoliceman.表示义务或责任Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkthisevening.3.反身代词1.语法概述：表示反射或强调的代词叫作反身代词。第一、二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词加后缀self或selves构成，第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加后缀self或selves构成。2.反身代词的构成3.反身代词的用法（1）反身代词作宾语反身代词可放在及物动词（短语）或介词的后面作宾语，强调宾语和主语是相同的人或物。Wemustlookafterourselvesverywe