英语-北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高三年级上册期中考试

海淀区2023-2024学年第一学期期中练习

高三英语

2023.11

本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无

效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题海小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago's69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,

whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis1.

Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtraintracks!

AsPenyandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe2movedthroughhisbody.

“Helphim!^^someonecried."Please,someone!”

Perrycouldn'tjuststandthereand3.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.

4allrailsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-

kneetechniquefromhishighschoolfootballdays.

Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim'swrist.5、hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshoot

throughhisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimehe

seizedtheman'swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy'sbodyawayfromthe6.

“Givehimchestcompressions!?,yelledanoldladyontheplatform.

Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman'sheartuntilthevictimregained7.

Then,first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals8.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,he

climbedbackupontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather's.

Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,9anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim'slife.Tomany,

Perry's10deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.

1.A.managerB.clientC.grandfatherD.aunt

2.A.currentB.oxygenC.waveD.blood

3.A.imagineB.watchC.shoutD.record

4.A.HopingB.AssumingC.ComplainingD.Recalling

5.A.InstantlyB.SlightlyC.NormallyD.Surprisingly

6.A.trainB.crowdsC.platformD.rails

7.A.strengthB.balanceC.consciousnessD.control

8.A.lookaheadB.takeoverC.getaroundD.keepaway

9.A.providingB.engagingC.assistingD.crediting

10.A.generousB.gratefulC.courageousD.faithful

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提

示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerin

the11(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyou

candownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme12(explore)

oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI13(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihad

nevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He14(combine)the

strengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.15heatingandhammeringthe

edgeswithsteel,hecreatedbladesthatwereexceptionallystrongandsharp,16(make)dailytaskseasier.

Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,

hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D17（print）artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby

2025tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquare

millimetresinsize,18（use）inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthe

body.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid（心、脏类茗导官）,19willworkwith

theartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate20（investigate）intoheart

diseasesandtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest

Thisisn'tyourtypicalchildren'sbooknorisitanight-timeread:it'san

嚼action-packedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepinto

thefootprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.

Author:LeisaSharpeThisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld'smost

Price:£14.99fascinatinghabitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonother

Release:Jun.13,2023planets.

TheUltimateRiddleGameForKids

Forreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookcombines

logicchallenges,competitivecontestsandbraintraining.

Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssection

requiresmentalarithmetic（算术），andforthestoriessectionyouwillneed

Author:ZKidstodiscoverallthepossiblehiddenmeanings.Buttrynottocheat.

Price:£9.99Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.

Release:Sep.25,2023Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,

yourconfidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.

There'sNoCreamInCreamSoda

Theonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryis

7

growinglargereveryyear.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionof

drinks,beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednatural

flavouringstotheirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.

Author:KimZachmanItshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon'tknow

Price:£12.99whatwillcomenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikely

Release:Dec.152023originstoriesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinate

everykid.

21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders.

A.enjoynight-readingtime

B.knoworiginstoriesofchocolate

C.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimals

D.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides

22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.thethreebooksareavailablebyOctober

B.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2

C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinks

D.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers

23.Thepassageisintendedto.

A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecrets

B.recommendsomepicturebookstoparents

C.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooks

D.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooks

B

Iwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic（义肢）device,adecision

madebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normaHy”.

Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthe

staresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8Ihadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwas

wearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn'tneedanyonetofix

me.

ToprovethatIwasn?tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.Iwas

selectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen'sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryfbreight

years.IrealizedI'dmadeanamefbrmyselfbecauseofmydisability.

Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin2021

byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld'smostadvancedbionic（仿生的）hand,Iwasabitsurprised.They

askedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiositygotthe

betterofme.

WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNickVujicic,

usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithoutexplanation.People

feareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.

Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheir

environmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,Irealized

thattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,1decided

totrialthehand.

Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.ThroughsharingmyjourneyI'mabletoreachthousands

ofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That'swhyIwearabionichand——notbecause

I'mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.

24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause.

A.shewaslongingforfameB.sportsgaveherself-confidence

C.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityD.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher

25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned.

A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimits

B.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironment

C.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunities

D.technologyshiftedpeople'sattitudestodisability

26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Intelligentandbrave.

B.Warm-heartedandpatient.

C.Responsibleandstrong-willed.

D.Independentandinnovative.

27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould.

A.maximizeone'sabilitiesbyembracingreality

B.buildone'ssocialcirclewithoptimism

C.sticktoone'sgoaltoachievesuccess

D.takeiteasyindifficultsituations

C

Demandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourself-control.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshort-term

temptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses（冲动）.Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposedthat

willpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Withouta

chancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas”ego

depletion”.

In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof"egodepletion^^

theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople'sunderlyingbeliefs.Inthestudy.Job

dividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“limited“viewofwillpowerandthosewitha“non-Hmited”

viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandardlaboratorytests

examiningmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudyfoundthatpeople

withalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthenon-limitedindividuals

didnot,whichindicatedthatpeople'sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeself-fulfillingprophecies（预言）.Thosewho

believedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirself-controldecrease,whilethosewhobelievedin“mentalstamina

（而寸力）“experiencednoegodepletion.

Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob'swork

demonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreal-lifeoutcomes.Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthatafter

completingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limited

mindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextrapressure.

Ifyoualreadyhaveanon-limitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforself-satisfaction.

Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.Sharingthis

knowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingintaxingyet

enjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople'sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheirownmentai

stamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallself-controltests.Asyourealizeyour

willpower'sgrowth,you'llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.

Whileimmediatemiraclesaren'tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedself­

control,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.

28.“Egodepletion^^theoryshowsthatwillpower.

A.helpscontrolourimpulsesB.reducesafterexercisingself-control

C.isatestofyourcharacterD.islikeachargeablebattery

29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob'stwostudies?

A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.

B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.

C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.

DThechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone'smindset.

30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnon-limitedmindsets?

A.Picturingyouridealuniversity.

B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.

C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.

D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.

D

Climateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimate

changeortryingtopreventit.

DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarth

nowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseems

unavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelytoinduce

largechangesintheclimate.

DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.Ouremissions

candropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate—buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lower

growthmeansitismorefeasible（可彳亍的）forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitless

environmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbonthan

wehadanticipated.

TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthat

adaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentire

extinctionofthehumanrace.

However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobal

warmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulated

couldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitation

wouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecome

morevolatile-includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.

Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissueis

notwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpractical

terms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewewilling

toacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlylesssuccessfuland

ofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthepatternsofhuman

habitationacrosstheworld?

Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourishunder

today'sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptationwillbe

feasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthandthus

slowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?

A.Thegovernment.B.Climateexperts.

C.DavidFrost.D.Theactivists.

32.Theunderlinedword“volatile“inParagraph5probablymeans.

A.changeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable

33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat.

A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople'sadaptability

B.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatterns

C.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivities

D.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation

34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.

B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.

C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.

D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamadefrom

scratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxinthe

freezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively（本能地）saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwithprocessed

food.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapandabundant.

35

What'sthedistinctionbetween"ultra-processedfbod（upf）"and'"processedfbod"?Almosteverythingpeople

consumeisprocessedinsomeform.Riceisharvested;animalsarebutchered.Upfisusuallydescribedas

€4formulationsofingredients,madebyaseriesofindustrialprocesses,manyrequiringadvancedequipmentand

technology^^.36Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.

Upfharmspeopleinwaysbothknownandunknown.Itseemstoaffectthetrillionsofbacteriathatcontribute

tohealthinarangeofways.Calorie-richbutusuallynutrient-poor,upfcontributestoobesity（肥胖症）.

Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.37Extraweightwasonceasignof

wealth,butamongBritishandAmericanwomentoday,obesityratesarehigheratlower-incomelevels.

38Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulincombinationwithotherchemicals

orwhenconsumedregularly.Ifwearewhatweeatconsideringtheimpactofupfisessential.

39Peoplewholiveinso-called"foodswamps”,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodisharderto

reach,couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.

Thereisnothingwrongwiththeoddfast-foodtrip,butanyonewhocanaffordtoeatlessupfprobablyshould.

A.Environmentmatters,too.

B.It'scheaptoproduceandbuy.

C.Butthatcheapnessandabundancecomeatacost.

D.Evenfoodslabeled“natural"or“organic“canbeprocessed.

E.Apizzamadefromscratchcontainsminimallyprocessedfood.

F.Somepeoplehaveaparticularweaknessforsaltypotatocrisps.

G.Thereasonswhyupfcanbeharmfularenotalwaysclear,eventoscientists.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答.

Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you'renotalone.Intoday'shighly-connectedworld,wehavea

growingobsession（痴迷）withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvarious

reasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.And

theyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasself-defense.

People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,

anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,

problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.Therefore,ifsimportanttorecognizeandovercomeyourown

people-pleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.

Learntoloveyourowncompany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon'tdropeverythingfbr

them.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbetherefor

youevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurantalone.

Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimportantasplansyoumakewithotherpeople.Otherwise,you

aresendingamessagetoyourbrainthataplanyoumakewithyourselfdoesnotholdasmuchvalue.Don'tbreak

long-orshort-termplansyoumakewithyourselfwhetherit'sgoingtothegymorstudyingfbranexam.

Say“no"whennecessary.Ifyou'reapeople-pleaser,youmayfindithardtosay"no”becauseyoufeelitcomes

acrossascrueloruncaring.Butitabsolutelydoesnothaveto.Beclear,bedirect,anduse"I"statements.Try

statementslike:"Iwouldreallylovetobeabletohelpyou,butunfortunately,I'malreadycommittedatthat

Byconsistentlyintegratingthesestrategiesintoyourlife,you'llbreakyourpeople-pleasinghabitsanddevelopmore

healthy,interdependentrelationships.

40.Whatisapeople-pleaserlike?

41.Bes