2024年北京市东城区2024届高三一模英语试卷及答案

第1页/共1页2024北京东城高三一模英语2024.4本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In2019,ThierryHenry,abusdriver,foundtherewasariseinbiketheftsinhiscity,Reykjavik.Ratherthan1thatthebikewasgoneforever,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandstartedtotrackdownthebikesandreturnthemtotheir2owners.The44-year-oldhashelpedreturnhundredsofstolenbikesinthepast4years.Hissocialmediaaccounthasover14,500membersandhelpspeopletrackdownmorethanjustlostbikes.Hispage3topeoplewhohavelosttools,carsandotheritemsofhighvalue.Ontopofhisnobleact,Henryhashelpedthebike4toreformintheprocess.5,Henrywoulddealwiththethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthetheftsweredrivenoutofpovertyandotherissues.Hewentfromfeeling6towardsthethieves,todevelopingempathy（同理心）fortheirsituations.Itwasverytoughatfirst.ButHenrydecidedtotryto7themandjusttalktothem.Fromthismomentonward,hereachedouttothethieves,offeringhelpandguidance.Afterthechangeinhis8,Henryfoundthatthebikethievesbegantooftenhandbackthebikestohim.Amazingly,someformerthievesthatHenryhelpednow9himinlookingforthestolenbikes."It'slikea10thathasgotbiggerandbigger,".saysHenry."It'snotonlyme.Manytimes,someonespotsabikehiddeninabushandtakesapicture.Thensomeoneelsecomments,'hey,that'smybike'.”ThankstoHenry,everyone'slookingout.1. A.claim B.expect C.accept D.realize2. A.new B.honest C.careless D.rightful3. A.belongs B.extends C.returns D.refers4. A.owners B.makers C.thieves D.sellers5. A.Initially B.Unknowingly C.Incredibly D.Unwillingly6. A.regretfully B.negatively C.guiltily D.helplessly7. A.levelwith B.replyto C.sidewith D.apologizeto8. A.plan B.occupation C.habit D.approach9. A.assist B.trust C.engage D.drag10. A.dream B.snowball C.rainbow D.balloon第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,theythrewaniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglish11（arganize）suchaneventaltogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Afterthebox12（open）,Igentlyliftedabeautifulcoatfromit."Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!"theyallshouted13wonderfullyperfectEnglish.BInearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,swimmingoffthecoastofSardinia,14（notice）piecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmorediversweresenttolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylay15（bury）insandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,16arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistoricaldiscovery.CChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools17（ban）itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout18it'stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa19（cheat）tool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit'stoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof20（educate）saythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepaniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,"ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAreyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstaywithyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteerHQ（IVHQ）-theworld'smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprogramsfor16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCareinCostaRicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou'rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!Benefitsforvolunteers:Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandaddexperiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,andwayofthinking.Guaranteedsupport:ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwithyou.Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we'realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensurealltheirquestionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.Ifyou'rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.21.WhatcanIVHQprovideforahighschoolgroup?A.Rewardsforvolunteering. B.Afreeservicetrip.C.Anopportunitytostudyabroad. D.Aspecializedprogram.22.WhatdoesIVHQpromisetovolunteers?A.Localteams'assistance. B.Partners'support.C.Collegerecommendationletters. D.Parents'company23.ThemainpurposeofthepassageistoA.advocatevolunteering B.introducerequirementsC.advertiseaservice D.suggestalifestyleBAnArtClassWhenKellywastwelve,shestartedtakingclassesatMissGrace'sSchoolforArt.Shedidn’tlikeitatfirst:the"noviceartists"-thekidswhohadn'treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.Itwasn'tuntilherthirdyearthatKellyfoundsomethingshewasreallygoodat-charcoaldrawing（素描）.Shelovedwatchingthelinesspreadunevenlyacrossthepageasshemovedthebitsofcharcoalbackandforthoverthepaper.Oneday,Sophia.thebestartistinherclass,satdownandsetuphereasel（画架）nexttoKelly.Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She'd.actuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyed-andwasgoodat--andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?KellyfoughtbacktearswhenMissGraceenteredtheroom."Helloclass,MissGracesaid."We'llcontinuetoworkontheprojecttoday.WhatmasterpiecewouldSophiahavecomeupwith?KellylookedatSophia'seaselandshecouldn'tbelieveit--itwasamess!Forabriefmoment,Kellycouldn'tactuallybelieveherdrawingwasbetterthanSophia's.ButthenshelookedatSophia,whowaswatchingKellywithananxiousexpression."I….Icouldn'tdecidewhattodo,"Sophiasaid."Andyou'resogood.SometimesIfeellikemystuffisjustsobadincomparison.KellylookedtoseeifSophiawasjoking,butsheseemedcompletelyserious.NowKellywasshocked."I'mnottalented...MissGraceseldompraisesme.You'rethebestoneinourclass!"Sophiaraisedhereyebrows."Imightbeareallygoodcopierofthestuff,butIhavenoideawhattodowhenitcomestomakingupmyownimages.Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.I'velovedyourworks.""I'velovedyours,too,Kellysaid."Well,definitelynotthisone,"Sophiasaid.Kellysmiled."Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup..."shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia'spaper.Sophiawasquietforamoment."That'sagreatidea!"shesaidfinally.Kellysmiledandturnedbacktoherdrawing,lookingeverysooftenatSophia'sworktoseethatshewastakingheradvice,downtothelastline.24.WhenKellystartedclassesattheartschool,she_____.A.wasnotgoodatthecourse B.lackedconfidenceindrawingC.wasoftenpushedbyMissGrace D.didnotgetalongwiththeotherkids25.HowdidKellyfeelwhenSophiasatbesideher?A.Thrilled. B.Confused. C.Frustrated. D.Relieved.26.WhatdidKellydointheartclass?A.SheinspiredSophia. B.ShepraisedSophia'screativity.C.ShedecidedtooutshineSophia. D.ShefinishedthedrawingforSophia.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Interestisthebestteacher. B.Youarewhatyoubelievetobe.C.Everyonehastheirownstrengths. D.Hardworkwilleventuallypayoff.CResearchspanningseveraldecadesdemonstratesthatyouaremorelikelytothinktheinformationthatisrepeatedtobetruethantheinformationyouhearonlyonce.Youusuallyassumethatifpeopleputinefforttorepeatastatement,thisreflectsthetruthofthestatement.Thistendency-alsocalledthetrutheffect-isabias（偏见）thatcanleadyoutodrawincorrectconclusions.Towhatdegreearepeopleawareofthetrutheffect?ThisquestionwasaddressedinapaperinthejournalCognitionearlythisyear.Inthecriticalstudyinthispaper,participantsdidtwosessions.Inonesession,theyreadaboutahypothetical（虚构的）studyinwhichtheywereexposedtosomestatementsandthenwereaskedwhetherbothstatementstheyhadheardbeforeaswellasthesenewstatementsweretrue.Theywereaskedtopredicttheproportion（比例）ofeachstatementthatwouldbejudgedastrue.Theydidthisbothasapredictionofotherpeople'sperformanceaswellasapredictionofhowtheywoulddointhisstudy.Atanothersessionafewdayslater,participantsactuallyperformedthisstudy,readingasetof20statementsinthehypotheticalstudyagainandthenjudgingthetruthofaltogether40statements,halfofwhichwerefromthehypotheticalstudyandtheotherhalfofwhichwerenew.Thisstudydidreplicatethewellknowntrutheffect.Peopleweremorelikelytojudgestatementstheyhadseenbeforeastruethanstatementsthatwerenew.Twointerestingfindingsemergedfromtheprediction.First,participantstendedtounderestimatethesizeofthetrutheffectforeveryone.Thatis,whiletheydidexpectsomedifferenceinjudgmentsbetweenthestatementsseenbeforeandthosethatwerenew,theythoughtthisdifferencewouldbesmallerthanitactuallywas.Second,participantsmoresignificantlyunderpredictedthetrutheffectforthemselvescomparedtothatforotherpeople.Thisstudyisparticularlyimportantinlightoftheamountofmisinformationpresentinsocialmedia.Manypeoplehavethepowertoinfluencepublicopinionaboutimportantmatters.Floodingsocialmediafeedswithmisinformationwillleadpeopletobelievethisinformationistruejustbecauseitisstated.Recognizingthatweareallsusceptibletothisinfluenceofrepeatedinformationshouldleadustomistrustourintuition（直觉）aboutwhatistrueandtolookupimportantinformationpriortousingittomakeimportantjudgmentsanddecisions.28.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorintendsto______.A.clarifyamisconception B.presentaphenomenonC.challengeastatement D.confirmatheory29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Impactsofthetrutheffectrequirefurtherstudies.B.Makingpredictionsbeforejudgmentsissignificant.C.Peoplehavehardlyanyawarenessofthetrutheffect.D.Peopletendtobelievetheycanmakewiserjudgments.30.Whatdoestheword"susceptible"underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Critical. B.Subject. C.Opposed. D.Adapted.DWhenIteachresearchmethods,amajorfocusispeerreview.Asaprocess,peerreviewevaluatesacademicpapersfortheirquality,integrityandimpactonafield,largelyshapingwhatscientistsacceptas"knowledge"-Byinstinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,"Wasthatpeerreviewed?"AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviewsforseveralacademicjournals-Iknowhowvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.IhadmyfirstencounterwithpeerreviewduringmyfirstyearasaPh.Dstudent.Oneday,myadviserhandedmeanessayandtoldmetohavemy-writtenreviewbacktohiminaweek.Butatthetime,Icertainlywasnota"peer"--Iwastoonewinmyfield.Manipulateddata（不实的数据）orsubstandardmethodscouldeasilyhavegoneundetected.Knowledgeisnotself-evident.Onlyexpertswouldbeabletonoticethem,andeventhen,expertsdonotalwaysagreeonwhattheynotice.Let'ssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswansarewhite.Anda"peer"says,"Waitaminute,I'veseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.Thepeerplaysakeyroleevaluatingobservationswiththeoverallgoalofadvancingknowledge.Forexample,iftheabovestorywerereversed,andpeerreviewerswhoallbelievedthatallswanswerewhitecameacrossthefirststudyobservingablackswan,thestudywouldreceivealotofattention.Sowhywasafirst-yeargraduatestudentgettingtostandinforanexpert?Whywouldmyreviewcountthesameasanexpert'sreview?Oneanswer:Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.Despitethefactthatpeersareprofessionals,peerreviewisnotaprofession.Asaresult,thesameover-workedscholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.Besidesthelaborinequity,asmallpoolofexpertscanleadtoanarrowedprocessofwhatispublishableorwhatcountsasknowledge,directlythreateningdiversityofperspectivesandscholars.Withoutalargeenoughreviewerpool,theprocesscaneasilyfallvictimtobiases,arisingfromasmallcommunityrecognizingeachother'sworkandcompromisingconflictsofinterest.Despitethesechallenges.Istilltellmystudentsthatpeerreviewoffersthebestmethodforevaluatingstudiesairdadvancingknowledge.Asaprocess,peerreviewtheoreticallyworks.Thequestioniswhethertheissueswithpeerreviewcanbeaddressedbyprofessionalizingthefield.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeerreviewinthefirstparagraph?A.Itgeneratesknowledge. B.Itiscommonlypracticed.C.Itisamajorresearchmethod. D.Itisquestionedbysomescientists.32.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheexampleofswans?A.Complexityofpeerreviewensuresitsreliability.B.Contradictionsbetweenscientistsmaybebalanced.C.Individualscanbelimitedbypersonalexperiences.D.Expertsshoulddetectunscientificobservationmethods.33.Whatistheauthor'smajorconcernaboutpeerreview?A.Workloadforscholars. B.Toughnessoftheprocess.C.Diversificationofpublications. D.Financialsupporttoreviewers.34.Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.whatfuelspeerreview BwhypeerreviewisimperfectC.hownewhandsadvancepeerreview D.whetherpeerreviewersareunderrated第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Today,whatwehave,isanalways-in-your-pocket,24/7newscycle.Whenyouopenanewsapp,you'llnoticeabriefmomentwhenthe"oldnews"isstillthere.Inaflash,theancienthistoryofafewhoursagoissweptawayforthenext"breakingnews".35It'sendless,butyouhadbetterkeepup.Researchersintroducethisworldtothephrase,"noisebottleneck".Anoisebottleneckiswhereweareoverwhelmedwithsomuchinformationornoisethatourcognitive（认知的）abilitiescan'tkeepup.36Thus,whileourattentioncanwatchhours.ofvideos,ourlong-termlearningprocessescan’t.37WewatchTVholdingourphones,andwelistentomusicwhileshopping.However,thehumanbrainmighthavestructurallimitationrootedinthecognitivearchitecturewhichcausestheslowingdownthatoccurswhentwotasksareperformedatthesametime.Inshort,yourbrainisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Youareahumanbeingwhocanonlytakeinsomuchaday.Understandingthenoisebottleneckallowsustofixit.So,herearethreetipstogetyougoing:Clearyourcontent-setupanewaccountonsocialmediaandfollowonlyaccountsorpeoplethatyouthinkarereallyvaluable.Single-task-youdon'tneedtoridthephonebutdoridthedistractions.38Say,"Iwillonlyreadthismagazineafterdinner.Multitaskingisforshow;single-taskingisforpros.Acceptyourlimits-you'llneverreadallthenews.Acceptyoucanonlychoosetwoorthreeandembracethatfact.39You'regettingmoreoutofthosefewthanthat"super-productive"persononsocialmediawhosaystheyreadfivebooksaweek.Afterall,it'sbettertohavealittlerememberedthanalotforgotten.A.Giveyourselfatimelimitorrestrictionifithelps.B.Don'tbeatyourselfupthatyou'rebeingunproductive.C.Everysecond,youarepresentedwithnewinformation.D.Breakingthroughthenoisebottleneckisalegendaryidea.E.Thematterismadeworsebyourmodernaddictiontomultitasking.F.Multitaskinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweuseinformation.G.Ourbrainshavelimitedresources,spreadacrossnumerousfunctions.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest（棉花糖实验）.Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwaitalittlewhile,andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfortwo.Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinlife,childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlifeoutcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethosechildrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat'swhytheyaresosuccessfullater.Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerinthemarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.Butthisisn'tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybetheydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycanunwraptheirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmoreoften,andchildren