上海市杨浦区2023年高三《英语》上学期期中试题与参考答案

上海市杨浦区2023年高三《英语》上学期期中试题与参考答案Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Altheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Arestaurant. B.Apetshop. C.Aparkinggarage. D.Apark.【答案】C【原文】W:Therestaurantisnexttothepetshop.M:Iknow.Ifwecan’tfindaplacetopark,wemightmissourdinnerreservation.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersprobablylookingfor?2.A.Shehasfixedthecomputer. B.Shehasreplacedthemonitor.C.Shehasremovedthemouse. D.Shehasgivenacomputerlesson.【答案】A【原文】W:Thatshoulddoit!Allthoseviruseshavebeenremoved.Nowonderyoucouldn’toperateyourcomputerproperly.M:Icouldn’ttellwhatwaswrongwithit.Ihadthoughtitwasthemouseorthemonitor.Q:Whathasthewomanjustdone?3.A.Shediditoutofpassion.B.Shediditoutofnecessity.C.Shewantedtobecomeafashiondesigner.D.Shewasasuccessfulbusinesswoman.【答案】B【原文】M:Youareasuccessfulfashiondesignernow.Whatmadeyouthinkofdesigningyourownclothesinthefirstplace?W:Well,asyoucansee,I’mverytallandIcouldn’tfindclothesthatfitmeintheordinaryshops.Q:Whydidthewomanthinkofdesigningherownclothes?4.A.Managerandclerk. B.Teacherandstudent.C.Saleswomanandcustomer. D.Officialandcitizen.【答案】A【原文】W:Alex!I’mjustgoingthroughthereportandIhaveaquestion.Thatfigureyou’vegotfor2019,areyousureit’scorrect?M:Letmecheck.I’mjustopeningthefile.Em,IthinkI’llneedtolookbackintoit.CanIgetbacktoyoulatertoday?Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?5.A.Hewillbetoonervoustomakehispoint.B.HewillgetupthecouragetoaskRiteout.C.IfhefailstoaskRitaout,hewillliveinfear.D.IfheasksRitaout,hewilldefinitelyberejected.【答案】B【原文】W:YoushoulddefinitelyaskRitaout.Sometimesit’sbettertolivelifewithoutregrets.M:Youhavegotagoodpoint.Ineedtogetovermyfearofrejection.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.A.Jennydidn’tpickupthepackage.B.Jennymissedthelastbushome.C.Jennyranintoherfriendinthepostoffice.D.Jennyregrettedhavingchattedwithherfriend.【答案】A【原文】M:Jenny,didyoupickupthepackagefromthepostoffice?W:Oh,no.IwasonmywaytherewhenIranintomyfriend,Betty.Ichattedwithheruntilherbusarrived,andthenIforgotallaboutthepackage.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?7.A.Calm. B.Nervous. C.Angry. D.Confused.【答案】C【原文】M:Hey,Lisa,calmdown.What’sgoingon?W:IhavejustfinishedapresentationwithGary.First,hewaslate.Second,heleftthefileinhisdorm.Hereallydrovemecrazy.Q:HowdoesLisafeel?8.A.Hewillspendmoretimesearchingforapresent.B.Hispresentissurelybetterthanthewoman’s.C.Thewomanisknownforbeingcompetitive.D.ThewomanshouldnotattendRob’sbirthdayparty.【答案】B【原文】W:IneedtotrytofindsomethingforRob’sbirthdaythat’sevenbetterthanyourpresent!M:You’recompetitive,butIdoubtyou’llfindsomethingbetter!Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?9.A.Shehasforgottentheaddressofthedrycleanernearby.B.Shehasgotusedtocleaningandironingtheclothesherself.C.Shethinksdrycleaningcoststoomuchmoneyandtime.D.Shethinksdrycleaningruinsthefabricsoftheclothes.【答案】B【原文】M:Whyareyouironingourclothes?Ithoughtyouweregoingtosendthemtothedrycleanerfromnowon.Professionaldrycleaningpreservesclothesbetter.W:IknowIshould.Drycleaningisn’tthatexpensive,anditreallysavesalotoftime.Iguessoldhabitsdiehard.Q:Whydoesn’tthewomansendtheclothestothedrycleaner?10.A.Theirhomewasbrokenintolately. B.Theirhomealarmsystemisbroken.C.Aviolentstormisapproaching. D.Theirhomeissecurelylocked.【答案】D【原文】W:Makesureyoulockthefrontandbackdoorssecurelytonight.M:Ialreadydid.Ilockedthewindowstoo.Ifsomeonetriestoenter,thealarmwillgooff.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。11.A.OnAugust18,2021. B.OnDecember15th,2021.C.OnJanuary20th,2022. D.OnDecember14th,2021.12.A.Sheflewdayandnighttobreaktherecord.B.HerfavouritepartofthejourneywasacrossSiberia.C.Shethoughtaboutnothingelsebutflyingduringthejourney.D.BadweatheralongthewayforcedhertolandinTaipei.13.A.Tomajorinelectricalengineering.B.Tohonorthetraditionofherfamily.C.ToencouragegirlstobecomeSTEMteachers.D.Toinspiregirlstopursuetheirflyingdreams.【答案】11.B12.C13.D【原文】TeenagerpilotZaraRutherfordhasbecometheyoungestwomantoflysoloaroundtheworld.The19-year-oldsetofffromBelgiumonAugust18,2021andlandedbackthereon20January.Herjourneytookheracrossfivecontinentsinfivemonthsinanultralightplane.Unabletoflyatnightorinclouds,Rutherfordwasoftenracingagainsttimeandtheweather.Toovercomeherfears,shefocusedonflying.“It’saboutlivinginthepresent,”shesaid.ThescariestpartofthejourneywasflyingacrossSiberia,wheretemperaturescanoftenreach-50°Cinwinter.Itwasbeautifulbutfrightening.Shealsometlotsofgreatandfriendlypeoplealongtheway.Surprisingly,oneofherstopsinAsiawasTaipeiCity.RutherfordlandedatSongshanAirportonDecember14.Shestayedforonenightbeforeflyingoutthenextday.Rutherford,whowenttoschoolinWinchester,England,comesfromafamilyofpilotsandgotherflyinglicenceat17.“It’sadreamI’vehadmyentirelife,toflyinaplanearoundtheworld,”shesaid.ThepreviousyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolowasAmericanShaestaWaiz,whowas30.Rutherfordnowplanstogotouniversitytostudyelectricalengineering.ShesaidthatthepurposeoftakingupthechallengewastoencourageothergirlstobecomepilotsandstudySTEMsubjects,whicharescience,technology,engineeringandmaths.Questions:11.WhendidRutherfordleaveTaipeiafteratemporarystopthere?12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutherflight?13.Whydidshetakeupthechallengeofflyingsoloaroundtheworld?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。14.A.Theadventureofarobotonadesertedisland.B.Arobot’sreunionwithitslonglostfriends.C.Therichanimalworldthroughtheeyesofarobot.D.Theescapestoryofarobotfromadesertedisland.15.A.Sheisbrokenanddamagedintheaccident.B.Sheisbroughtbacktolifebyagroupofsealions.C.Sheisfrightenedatthesightofislandanimals.D.Sheisdeliveredtotheislandasanexperimentsubject.16.A.Theyfightforlimitedresources.B.Theyspeakeachother’slanguage.C.Rozandtheislandanimalstrusteachother.D.Rozfeedsanimalswithadvancedprogramming.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【原文】TheWildRobotisanovelforyoungreadersthatwaswrittenbyPeterBrown.IttellsthestoryofRoz,arobotthatlearnstoliveamongtheanimalsonadesertedisland.Rozismanufacturedasoneoffivehundredidenticalrobots.Whentheircargoshipiswreckedatsea,sheistheonlyonetosurvive.Alltheotherrobotsarebrokenorlostintheaccident.Rozwashesupontheshoreofanisland,wheresheisfoundbyagroupofsealions.Thesealionsaccidentallypushheractivationbutton,andRozwakesup.Thecreaturesarefrightened,andtheyrunaway.Rozisleftalonetodiscoverhernewhome.DuringthetimeRozlivesontheisland,shelearnstoimitatetheanimals.Shestudiestheirlanguage,gainstheirtrust,andseekstheiradviceforsurvival.Thisprovidesaninterestinglookatwhatmighthappenwhentechnologyandnatureareincontactwitheachother.Thebookisdedicatedtoalltherobotsofthefuture,anditmakesuswonderifrobotslikeRozcouldeverfindaplacetobelonginourworld.Questions:14.WhatisthenoveltheWildRobotabout?（A）15.WhatcanwelearnaboutRoz,therobot?（B）16.HowdoesRozgetalongwiththeislandanimals?（C）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。17.A.Profitable. B.Improving. C.Favorable. D.Money-losing.18.A.Lookfornewingredientsuppliers.B.Lowerthesalaryoffull-timeworkers.C.Offerfewerdishesonthemenu.D.Switchtolowerqualityproducts.19.A.Shewillagreewiththeman’sdecision.B.Shewillclosethebusinessforgood.C.Shewillcrossthebridgetoavoidit.D.Shewilltrytofigureoutwaystodealwithit.20.A.Updatingthemenutoimprovefoodquality.B.Reducingcostofrunningtherestaurant.C.Attractingmorecustomerstotherestaurant.D.Expandingbusinesstobringinmoreprofits.【答案】17.A18.C19.D20.B【原文】W:Soarewestillmakingaprofit?M:Forthetimebeing,yes.Overall,theeconomyisimproving,butnowthecostofingredientsisrising.Ifwedon’tgetmorecustomerssoon,wemayneedtostartcuttingcostsoverthenextfewweeks.W:That’swhatIwasthinking.Butfrankly,Idon’twanttoreducethequalityofourfood.M:Butifwedon’tswitchingredients,thenweonlyhavetwootheroptions.W:Whatarethetwooptions?M:Well,intheshortterm,wecansavemoneybycuttingitemsfromourmenu.Recently,thesandwichesandsteakshaven’tbeensellingverywell.W:Icanprobablyguesswhattheotheroptionwouldbe.M:Yeah.Inthelongrunwecan’tkeepallofourstaff.W:I’mnotgoingtoletthathappen.I’vemadeupmymind.M:OK,boss.Whatshouldwedo?W:We’llcutcostsintheshorttermbylimitingourmenu.Iwantyoutotalkwithourchefsandcutoutatleastone-thirdofourmenuitems.M:It’sagoodthingthatIhaven’tplacedanorderforingredients.W:Good.Someofoursuppliersmightbeletdown,butI’dratherofferfewerhighqualitydishesthanafullmenuoflowerqualityproducts.M:Iagreewiththatdecision.Butwhataboutourstaffandthepayroll?W:Rightnow,westillhavetimetoboostbusiness.Furthermore,wehaveagreatteam.Idon’twanttosacrificethatjusttosaveafewdollars.M:That’sarespectabledecision.However,ifbusinessdoesn'timproveinthenextmonthortwo,wewon’thaveachoice.W:Iunderstandthatthesituationisn’tfavorable.But,wewillcrossthatbridgewhenwecometoit.Questions:17.Howisthecurrentstateofbusiness?18.Whathasthewomandecidedtodo?19.Whatwillthewomandoifbusinessdoesn’timprove?20.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankst1omakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FancyaSnack?HaveSomePotatoChipsThereareacoupleoftalesabouttheoriginsofpotatochips.ThefirstiscreditedtoGeorgeCrum,____21____in1853wascookinginarestaurant,Moon’sLakeHouse.AcustomerrequestedCrum’sfamousfriedpotatoes.However,whenthedish____22____（serve）,thecustomerfoundthepotatoestoothickforhisliking.Crumslicedthemthinner,butstilltheyweren’tthinenoughfortheguest.Thedishwassentbackandforthseveraltimes.____23____（anger）,Crumeventuallycutthepotatoespaper-thin,deep-friedthem,andspreadalotofsaltonthem.Hisideawas____24____（make）thepotatoesuneatable,butinsteadheinventedatastytreatcompletelybyaccident.However,thereisarecipethatcameoutbeforeCrum’sinvention.An1822cookbookTheCook’sSecrets____25____WilliamKitchiner,outlineshowtomake“PotatoesFriedinSlices”.Itcallsforcuttingpotatoesintothinslicesandfryingtheminoil.Therearetwoothersimilarrecipesfrom1824and1832,____26____ofwhichmentionKitchiner.Thenthereisthegreatfriedvsbakeddebate.Friedpotatochipscontainalotmoreoilandfat.Bakedchips,however,arecookedinanovenorairfryerratherthanbeingfriedinoil.So,they’reconsideredthe____27____（healthy）option.Today,alotofhealth-consciouschipmanufacturerslovetosaytheirchipsarebaked,notfried,toappealtopeoplewhoareconcernedabout____28____healthytheirfoodis.Speakingofhealth-consciouspeople,theyprobablywanttostayawayfrom“Royce”chips,whicharechips____29____（dip）inchocolate.Themixofsaltyandsweetistodiefor,butfarfromhealthy.____30____kindofflavoryouprefer,there’sdefinitelyachipsomewhereouttherethathasyournameonit.【答案】21.who22.wasserved23.Angered24.tomake25.by26.both27.healthier28.how29.dipped30.Nomatterwhat【21题详解】考查定语从句。句意：第一个要归功于GeorgeCrum，1853年，他在一家名为“月亮湖屋”的餐厅里做饭。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代前文的GeorgeCrum，指代人。故填who。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，当菜端上来的时候，顾客发现土豆太厚了，他不喜欢。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处描述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。同时thedish与serve之间是被动关系，意为“菜被端上来”，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasserved。【23题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被激怒，GeorgeCrum最终把土豆切得像纸一样薄，油炸，并在上面撒了很多盐。分析句子，句中cut为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。anger为动词，意为“使某人激怒”，此处表示GeorgeCrum是被激怒的，故使用过去分词作状语，即angered。同时设空处置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Angered。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的想法是让土豆不能吃，但他完全是偶然地发明了一种美味的食物。句中betodo为固定短语，意为“去做某事”，不定式结构作表语。故填tomake。【25题详解】考查介词。句意：WilliamKitchiner在1822年出版的烹饪书《厨师的秘密》中概述了如何制作“炸土豆片”。分析句子，设空处使用介词与后文的WilliamKitchiner构成介词短语。表示“被，由”的介词用by。故填by。【26题详解】考查代词。句意：1824年和1832年还有两份类似的食谱，都提到了Kitchiner。句中指代的前文的twoothersimilarrecipes，指代两者都，故用代词both。故填both。【27题详解】考查形容词。句意：因此，它们被认为是更健康的选择。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰option。此处表示“更加健康的”故用形容词的比较级。故填healthier。【28题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如今，许多注重健康的薯片制造商喜欢说他们的薯片是烘焙的，而不是油炸的，以吸引那些关心他们的食物多么健康的人。分析句子，设空处置于介词about之后，应该使用宾语从句。根据句意，此处表示“多么”用how。故选how。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：说到注重健康的人，他们可能想远离“罗伊斯”薯片，这是蘸了巧克力的薯片。分析句子，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处chips与dip之间是被动关系。故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填dipped。【30题详解】考查状语从句。句意：不管你喜欢哪种口味的薯条，肯定会在某个地方有你的名字。分析句子，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”用nomatterwhat。同时该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Nomatterwhat。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.casualB.inbornC.downturnD.replaceE.failingF.limitationG.listH.possibilityI.faultlessJ.challengingK.surroundWhyYouNeedtoFail“Peter,I’dlikeyoutostayforaminuteafterclass.”Kevinteachesmyfavoritebodyconditioningclassatthegym.“What’dIdo?”Iaskedhim.“It’swhatyoudidn’tdo.”“Whatdidn’tIdo?”“Fail.”“Youkeptmeafterclassfornot____31____?”“This.”hesaidwhileimitatingmy____32____weightliftingstyleusingweightsthatwereobviouslytoolight,“it’snotgoingtogetyouanywhere.Amuscleonlygrowsifyouworkittillitfails.Youneedtousemore____33____weights.Youneedtofail.”Kevinisontosomething.EverytimeIaskaroomfullofexecutivesto____34____thetopfivemomentswhentheircareertookaleapforward,failureisalwaysonthelist.Forsome,itwasthelossofajob.Forothers,itwasaprojectthathadgonebad.Andforothersstillitwasthefailureofalargersystemlikeaneconomic____35____thatrequiredthemtostepup.Yetmostofusspendatremendousefforttryingtoavoideventhe____36____offailure.AccordingtodoctorCarolDweck,wehaveamindsetproblem.Ifyoubelievethatyourtalentsare____37____orfixed,thenyouwilltrytoavoidfailureatallcostsbecausefailureisproofofyour____38____Peoplewithafixedmindsetliketosolvethesameproblemsoverandoveragain.Studentswithfixedmindsetswouldrathernotlearnnewlanguages.CEOswithfixedmindsetswould____39____themselveswithpeoplewhoagreewiththem.Theyfeelsmartwhentheygetitright.Butifyoubelieveyourtalentgrowswithpersistenceandeffort,thenyouseekfailureasanopportunitytoimprove.Peoplewithgrowthmindsetsfeelsmartwhentheyarelearning,notwhentheyare____40____.Ifyouhaveagrowthmindset,thenyouuseyourfailurestoimprove.Ifyouhaveafixedmindset,youmayneverfail,butneitherdoyoulearnorgrow.【答案】31.E32.A33.J34.G35.C36.H37.B38.F39.K40.I【31题详解】考查动词。句意：“你因为我没挂科就把我留了下来？”此处表示“考试失败，不及格”，且作介词的宾语，应用failing。故填failing。故选E。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：“这。他一边说，一边模仿我随意的举重方式，举重的重量显然太轻了，“这不会让你有任何效果。”修饰后文weightliftingstyle，结合句意表示“随意的”应用形容词casual，作定语。故填casual。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意：你需要使用更具挑战性的重量。修饰后文名词weights，结合句意表示“具挑战性的”应用形容词challenging，作定语。故填challenging。故选J。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：每当我让一屋子的高管列出他们职业生涯取得飞跃的五个最重要时刻时，失败总是列在清单上。结合句意表示“列出”可知应用动词list，且上文为短语asksb.todosth.。故填list。故选G。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：对其他人来说，这是一个更大的系统的失败，比如经济衰退，需要他们站出来。结合句意表示“衰退”应用名词downturn，不定冠词提示用单数。故填downturn。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，我们大多数人花费了巨大的努力，试图避免失败的可能性。作宾语，结合句意表示“可能性”应用名词possibility，不可数。故填possibility。故选H。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你相信你的才能是天生的或固定的，那么你就会不惜一切代价避免失败，因为失败证明了你的局限性。结合句意表示“天生的”应用形容词inborn，作表语。故填inborn。故选B。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你相信你的才能是天生的或固定的，那么你就会不惜一切代价避免失败，因为失败证明了你的局限性。作宾语，表示“局限性”应用名词limitation。故填limitation。故选F。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：思维定式的首席执行官们会让与自己意见一致的人围绕在身边。结合句意表示“围绕”应用动词surround，且would后跟动词原形。故填surround。故选K。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：拥有成长型思维模式的人在学习的时候会觉得自己很聪明，而不是在没有缺点的时候。作表语，结合句意表示“没有缺点的”应用形容词faultless。故填faultless。故选I。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Southernlong-finnedpilotwhalesaremarinemammalswithalottosay—andtheymayusevocalizations（发声）tooutsmartadeadlyenemy.Cetaceans（鲸类动物）suchaswhalesanddolphinscommunicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandmates,tonavigateandtointeractsocially.Theirvocalizations____41____betweenspeciesandwithincommunities.Theanimalscanmimic（模仿）artificialnoisesuchassonar,butnobodyhadpreviouslyrecordedthem____42____othercetaceans’sounds.Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.Researcherslistenedto2,028vocalizationsoflong-finnedpilotwhalesoffthecoastofAustralia,thefirsttimesoundsfromthespeciesinthisregionhavebeen____43____described.Theyweresurprisedtohear19instancesofvocalizationsthatresembledthoseoforcas—thewhales’oceanic____44____.“Wefoundsomecallsthatare,tothehumanear,____45____tothekillerwhalecallsinthesamearea,”saysChristineErbe,anexpertinMarineScienceandTechnology.Pilotwhalesandorcas,thetwolargestspeciesofcetaceans,areoftenseeninthesame____46____andaresimilarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroups.Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilotwhalesandare____47____theirpredators（猎食者）.____48____fromorcastomachsshowstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales.Butpilotwhalescanmobandchaseorcasaway,theonlycetaceansseen____49____themselvesfromtheirpredatorinthisway.Mimicrycouldserveasan_____50_____defense:“Onetheoryisthatiftheyusesimilarsounds,theymaynotberecognizedasprey,”Erbesays.Pilotwhaleshuntingoreatingorcas’foodremaindersmightgo_____51_____iftheyuseorca-likecalls.“Thisisallunderwater,wherelighttravelsreallypoorly,”sheadds.“Sotheseanimals_____52_____soundfordetectingtheirpreyandpredatorsandfornavigating.”Long-finnedpilotwhaleshaveshownanabilityto_____53_____betweenorcacallswithdifferentmeanings.Additionalworkwould_____54_____whethermimicryisactuallyoccurring.Researcherscouldpairtheirlisteningdatawithdirectobservationsoftheanimals’interactionsinthewildorperhapsevenplayorcasoundsandwatchthewhales’_____55_____.41.A.range B.vary C.rise D.drop42.A.distracting B.separating C.forecasting D.matching43.A.critically B.considerately C.conveniently D.comprehensively44.A.partners B.species C.enemies D.mates45.A.identical B.responsive C.contrary D.inferior46.A.boundaries B.societies C.environments D.facilities47.A.initially B.eventually C.potentially D.accidentally48.A.Motion B.Emission C.Conclusion D.Evidence49.A.splitting B.defending C.dismissing D.preventing50.A.accessible B.additional C.accurate D.adequate51.A.unnoticed B.uninterested C.untouched D.unarmed52.A.applyto B.turnup C.relyon D.putout53.A.pursue B.distinguish C.demonstrate D.struggle54.A.claim B.calculate C.confirm D.clarify55.A.reflections B.receptions C.relations D.reactions【答案】41.B42.D43.D44.C45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.B51.A52.C53.B54.C55.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究，说明南方长鳍领航鲸可能会用发声来战胜致命的敌人。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们的叫声因物种和群落而异。A.range排列；B.vary变化；C.rise上升；D.drop掉落。根据常识和前文“communicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandmates,tonavigateandtointeractsocially（通过声音交流，寻找食物和伴侣，导航和社交）”可知，它们的叫声因物种和群落而异。故选B项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些动物可以模仿声纳等人工噪音，但此前没有人记录到它们与其他鲸类动物的声音相匹配。A.distracting分散（思想），转移（注意力）B.separating分离；C.forecasting预报；D.matching匹配。根据后文“Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.（然而，一项新的研究发现鲸类动物的声音书中有重叠）”可知，此处指它们的声音相匹配。故选D项。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员在澳大利亚海岸聆听了2028种长鳍领航鲸声音，这是该地区首次对该物种的声音进行全面描述。A.critically批判地；B.considerately体贴地；C.conveniently方便地；D.comprehensively完全地。全面地。根据前文“Researcherslistenedto2,028vocalizationsoflong-finnedpilotwhales”及“thefirsttime”，并结合选项可知，他们对这些声音进行了全面的描述。故选D项。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们惊讶地听到了19个类似鲸鱼的海洋敌人——虎鲸的声音。A.partners搭档；B.species物种；C.enemies敌人；D.mates伙伴，配偶。根据前文“theymayusevocalizations（发声）tooutsmartadeadlyenemy（它们可能会用发声来击败致命的敌人）”和后文“Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilotwhalesandare____7____theirpredators（猎食者）.（虎鲸与长鳍领航鲸争夺食物，是它们潜在的捕食者）”可知，虎鲸被视为其它鲸鱼的敌人。故选C项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋科学与技术专家ChristineErbe说：“我们发现，在同一区域，人类听到的一些叫声与虎鲸的叫声完全相同。”A.identical完全相同的；B.responsive反应敏捷的；C.contrary相反的；D.inferior较差的。根据前文“Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.（然而，一项新的研究发现鲸类动物的声音书中有重叠）”可知，长鳍领航鲸的某些声音和虎鲸的声音完全相同。故选A项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：领航鲸和虎鲸是两种最大的鲸类动物，它们经常在相同的环境中出现，体型相似，都生活在社会群体中。A.boundaries边界；B.societies社会；C.environments环境；D.facilities设施。根据后文“bothliveinsocialgroups”可知，它们经常在相同的环境中出现。故选C项。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虎鲸与长鳍领航鲸争夺食物，是它们潜在的捕食者。A.initially最初地；B.eventually最终地；C.potentially潜在地；D.accidentally偶然地。根据前文“adeadlyenemy”及“similarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroups”和“Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilotwhales”可知，虎鲸和领航鲸相类似，又相互争夺食物，所以是领航鲸潜在的捕食者。故选C项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虎鲸胃里的证据表明它们偶尔会吃领航鲸。A.Motion运动；B.Emission排放；C.Conclusion结论；D.Evidence证据。根据后文“fromorcastomachs”及“showstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales”可知，虎鲸胃里的食物就是它们吃领航鲸的证据。故选D项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但领航鲸可以围攻虎鲸并将其赶走，这是唯一一种以这种方式保护自己免受捕食者攻击的鲸类动物。A.splitting溢出，泼出；B.defending保卫；C.dismissing摒弃；D.preventing防止。根据前文“pilotwhalescanmobandchaseorcasaway”可知，领航鲸以这种方式保护自己。故选B项。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：模仿行为可以作为一种额外的防御：“一种理论是，如果它们使用相似的声音，它们可能不会被认出是猎物，”Erbe说。A.accessible可到达的；B.additional附加的，额外的；C.accurate精确的；D.adequate足够的。根据常识和后文“iftheyusesimilarsounds,theymaynotberecognizedasprey”可知，模仿行为可以作为一种额外补充的防御措施。故选B项。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：领航鲸捕食或食用虎鲸的食物残渣，如果它们发出类似虎鲸的叫声，可能不会被注意到。A.unnoticed未注意到的；B.uninterested不感兴趣的；C.untouched未受影响的，未触动的；D.unarmed无武装的。根据语境和后文“iftheyuseorca-likecalls”可知，因为和虎鲸的叫声相同，所以在吃它们的食物残渣时，就不会被注意到。故选A项。【52题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以这些动物依靠声音来探测猎物和捕食者，并进行导航。A.applyto适用于；B.turnup调大；C.relyon依赖；D.putout扑灭。根据前文“wherelighttravelsreallypoorly（光线传播非常差）”和后文“soundfordetectingtheirpreyandpredatorsandfornavigating”可知，因为水底光线弱，所以依靠声音来行动。故选C项。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长鳍领航鲸显示出一种辨别虎鲸不同含义叫声的能力。A.pursue追求；B.distinguish区分，辨别；C.demonstrate证实，证明；D.struggle挣扎，奋斗。根据语境和后文“betweenorcacallswithdifferentmeanings”可知，是一种辨别不同含义叫声的能力。故选B项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：进一步的研究将证实模仿行为是否真的发生了。A.claim宣称；B.calculate核算；C.confirm证实；D.clarify澄清。根据后文“whethermimicryisactuallyoccurring”可知，研究将证实模仿行为否真的发生。故选C项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员可以将他们的听力数据与野生动物互动的直接观察相结合，甚至可以播放虎鲸的声音，观察鲸鱼的反应。A.reflections反射；B.receptions接待；C.relations关系；D.reactions反应。根据前文“Researcherscouldpairtheirlisteningdatawithdirectobservationsoftheanimals’interactionsinthewildorperhapsevenplayorcasounds”可知，研究人员做了以上实验后，观察鲸鱼的反应。故选D项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Iwas12yearsoldwhenmylifechangedforever.Itwasjustbeforetheendoftheschoolday,andmyteachertoldmethatmymumhadaskedmetogohomeimmediately.Therewasapolicecarinthedriveway,andIheardthesoundofmysistercryinginthelivingroom.Mymumtookmeupstairsandtoldmethatmydadhaddied.Iremembercryinglikeforever.Thenmyunclesatmedownandtoldmewhathadhappened.IrememberthinkingDadmusthavebeeninanaccidentinhiscar—hehadasportyredone,andIthoughthemusthavecrashed.Soitwasshockingtolearnhehadbeenmurdered—especiallywhenIthendiscoveredthathehadbeentryingtohelpsomeone.Ourcleanerhadbeengoingthroughadifficultbreak-upwithherhusband,andhadherpostdeliveredtoourhousesoherpartnercouldn’tseizeit.Dadhadtakenhermailroundtoher,butherpartnersawhim,stoleaknife,wenttothehouseandstabbedmydadthroughtheheart,whichkilledhiminstantly.IttookmeaverylongtimetobeabletogettoaplacewhereIcouldrememberthehappytimeswithmydad.It’sasifyourbrainwon’tletyouremember,becauseit’stoopainful.Even30yearson,itcanbeachallenge.It’slikeacopingsurvivingmechanismandIstillworkthroughittoday—butthat’slifelivingwithsorrow.DuringthepastfewyearsI’vefoundthattalkingandwritinghasbeenabighelp.It’shelpedmeacknowledgewhathappened,andhasmademeseethesefeelingsarecompletelynormal.Actuallyformanyyears,IusedtoquestionwhyIwasstillfeelingthisway,butyoucometorealizethereisnosetpatterntosorrow.It’snotaquick-fixprocess;it’snotevenafixableprocess.It’ssomethingyouhavetolivewith,andyoutakecomfortwhereveryoucanfindit.Forsomeonewhohasjustgonethroughanunbearableloss,pleasetakeiteasyonyourself.I’mnotsurewhethertimeisahealer,butitwillshowyouhowt